Application of X-ray microcalorimeters to hadronic-atom spectroscopy - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Application of X-ray microcalorimeters to hadronic-atom spectroscopy TES microcarorimeters Kaonic atom X-rays Demonstration experiments at PSI & J-PARC Summary Tadashi Hashimoto (RIKEN) for the HEATES (J-PARC E62)
Tadashi Hashimoto (RIKEN) for the HEATES (J-PARC E62) collaboration
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a Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell’ INFN, Frascati, RM, I-00044, Italy b National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO, 80303, USA c Stefan-Meyer-Institut f¨
ur subatomare Physik, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
d Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR-10000, Croatia e Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan f Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Lund, 221 00, Sweden g RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, Wako, 351-0198, Japan h Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan i Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan j High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan k Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, 319-1184, Japan l Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan m Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309-0390, USA n Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
Nuclear physicists (RIKEN+) + TES experts (NIST) + Astrophysicists (TMU)
J.W. Fowlerb, H. Fujiokae, C. Guaraldoa, F. Parnefjord Gustafssonf, T. Hashimotog, R.S. Hayanoh∗, J.P. Hays-Wehleb, G.C. Hiltonb, T. Hiraiwai, M. Iioj, M. Iliescua,
J.N. Ullomb,m, S. Yamadan, T. Yamazakih, and J. Zmeskalc
✓ Excellent energy resolution ~2 eV FWHM@ 6 keV ✓ Wide dynamic range possible
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Absorber Heat capacity : C Thermal conductance : G Low temperature heat sink
~ pJ/K ~ nW/K
Thermometer
T
X-ray energy : E
normal conducting sate super- conducting sate Temperature Resistance ~ 100 mK Width of transition edge ΔE~ a few mK Ener Thermometer sensitivity
α ≡ d ln R d ln T
∆E =
α
Emax ∼ CTC/α
a few mK super- conducting state normal conducting state
c.f. Silicon detectors: 150 eV FWHM @ 6 keV
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J.N. Ullom et al., Synchrotron Radiation News, Vol. 27, 24 (2014)
Bi + TES Au coated Si collimator
3 3 c m
1cm
Photo credit : J. Uhlig
30 ch TDM(time division multiplexing) readout
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3d 2p
Strong interaction
Nuclear absorption
3d-2p X-ray ( ~6 keV )
Width : Γ2p Shift : ΔE2p
(Coulomb only)
Unique probe of the Kbar-nucleus strong interaction at the threshold energy
kaonic helium case complementary to kaonic-nuclei study
40% C.J. Batty et al. IPhysics Reports 287 (1997) 385445 Kaonic atoms lo4 F (a)
c 1
).&In=3
IO3
B
n=4 n=5 n f 1
10 lo
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
100 Z
potential discussed in Section 4.2. best-fit optical
the complete data set listed in [44] will be referred to as ALL. The data set with 180 and 98Mo omitted will be denoted LESS, whilst the measurements for the two isotope pairs 160-180 and 92Mo-98Mo will be referred to as ISO.
Width [eV] Z (atomic number)
across the periodic table
not so good quality…
prefer a deep potential?
density dependent optical potential
+ phen. multi nucleon terms.
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Ramos, Oset, NPA671(00)481
40% C.J. Batty et al. IPhysics Reports 287 (1997) 385445 Kaonic atoms lo4 F (a)
c 1
).&In=3
IO3
B
n=4 n=5 n f 1
10 lo
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
100 Z
potential discussed in Section 4.2. best-fit optical
the complete data set listed in [44] will be referred to as ALL. The data set with 180 and 98Mo omitted will be denoted LESS, whilst the measurements for the two isotope pairs 160-180 and 92Mo-98Mo will be referred to as ISO.
Width [eV] Z (atomic number)
across the periodic table
not so good quality…
prefer a deep potential?
density dependent optical potential
+ phen. multi nucleon terms.
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Ramos, Oset, NPA671(00)481
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deep shallow
Phenomenological
Vopt(r=0) ~ - (180 + 73i) MeV
Chiral
Vopt(r=0) ~ - (40 + 55i) MeV
K-4He
K-3He 0.23 eV
Isotope shift (K-4He - K-3He)
0.01 eV a recent theoretical calculation
— Strong-intaction Shift & Width calc.
— Charge-density dist calc. for 4He&3He
(Gauss expansion method)
Choosing the following two typical models : [Pheno.] Mares, Friedman, Gal, NPA770(06)84 [Chiral] Ramos, Oset, NPA671(00)481
Dominant systematic error (~0.15 eV) due to kaon-mass uncertainty will be cancelled. Width : 2 ~ 4 eV
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deep shallow
Phenomenological
Vopt(r=0) ~ - (180 + 73i) MeV
Chiral
Vopt(r=0) ~ - (40 + 55i) MeV
K-4He
K-3He 0.23 eV
Isotope shift (K-4He - K-3He)
0.01 eV a recent theoretical calculation
— Strong-intaction Shift & Width calc.
— Charge-density dist calc. for 4He&3He
(Gauss expansion method)
Choosing the following two typical models : [Pheno.] Mares, Friedman, Gal, NPA770(06)84 [Chiral] Ramos, Oset, NPA671(00)481
Dominant systematic error (~0.15 eV) due to kaon-mass uncertainty will be cancelled. Width : 2 ~ 4 eV
Pion beamline at PSI in 2014 Kaon beamline at J-PARC in 2016
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TES operation in hadron-beam environments? Background? Energy calibration? Pionic-atom X-rays?
(Stopped-K- tuning)
support by “A02公募研究(S. Okada)”
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PSI J-PARC location Villigen, Switzerland Tokai, Japan beam line πM1 K1.8BR particle π- K- purity ~ 0.4 ~ 0.2 momentum 170 MeV/c 900 MeV/c intensity
(sum of all particles)
1.4 ~ 2.8 * 106 cps 8 *105 / spill X-rays from hadronic atom π12C 4-3: 6.4 keV K3He 3-2: 6.2 keV K4He 3-2: 6.4 keV
(to be measured in 2017)
science X-ray rate ~ 200 / hour ~ 200 / week
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J-PARC PSI
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detectors for beam particles target sample (C/Li) TES
degrader
X-ray
~6 cm
J-PARC PSI
Similar for both experiments Detectors for beam particles PSI: 4 scintillation counters J-PARC: Many counters & MWDCs to identify K decay π beam π beam
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Energy (eV)
5860 5870 5880 5890 5900 5910 5920
counts / 0.5 eV / s
1 2 3 4 5 6
J-PARC
spill off spill on
J-PARC
Energy (eV)
5860 5870 5880 5890 5900 5910 5920
counts / 0.5 eV / s
5 10 15 20 25 30
PSI
beam off 1.4 MHz 2.8 MHz
PSI
~ 190 TESs J-PARC 55Fe source 209 TESs PSI X-ray generator
(4.6 eV) (6.5 eV) (8.7 eV)
(5.1 eV) (6.6 eV)
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Enlarged view Residuals from the averaged pulse
High-energy charged particles deposit energy in Si frame of TES chip. Resulting thermal-crosstalk pulses degrade the energy resolution.
Effective charged particle hit rate (Hz/pixel)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
(eV) α Energy resolution at MnK
4 5 6 7 8 9
J-PARC PSI
✓ Similar correlation in the two different beams. ✓ Promising to achieve our goal at J-PARC
1. More optimal setup (shielding, etc.): further suppress changed-particle hit rate 1. Room to improve the base resolution
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difference between beam-on and beam-off TES trigger rates typical condition
Energy (eV)
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Counts / 1 eV
50 100 150 200 250 300 Data MC(all) MC(proton) )
)
+
MC(e ) γ MC(
✓ We understand the beam-induced background
Carlo simulation including its intensity
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Energy (eV)
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
counts / 20 eV / s
3 −
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2 −
10
1 −
10 1 10
2
10
J-PARC
spill on spill off
α
K Mn
β
K Mn Ti K escapes
α
Bi M
α
K Si
α
K Al
J-PARC
In-beam spectrum w/o photon source at PSI
55Fe spectra at J-PARC
Energetic charged particle deposits several keV energy on 4 um thick Bi absorber
no photon expected
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✓ each of 240 pixels calibrated individually ✓ every 2 hours ✓ natural cubic spline using 4 lines
Energy [keV] 5 6 7 8 105 104 103 102 10 1 Counts / 1 eV FeKα CrKα CrKβ CoKα CoKβ CuKα
beam-off condition πC 4-3 position
FeKα
Cr Co
fitting example Need to include a exponential tail to fit the low-energy component
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π-atom peak with clear timing correlation
FWHM ~ 7 eV
✓Accurate energy calibration ✓ Good timing resolution comparable to SDDs ✓ piC x-ray energies agree with EM calc.
< 0.1 eV accuracy @ FeKα Experimental uncertainty ±0.13(stat.)±0.09(syst.) eV
arXiv:1608.05436 [physics.ins-det]
pion-beam timing signals integrated into TES data stream S/N improved by factor 5
209 pixels Data taking: ~ 13.5 hours
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π-atom peak with clear timing correlation
FWHM ~ 7 eV
✓Accurate energy calibration ✓ Good timing resolution comparable to SDDs ✓ piC x-ray energies agree with EM calc.
< 0.1 eV accuracy @ FeKα Experimental uncertainty ±0.13(stat.)±0.09(syst.) eV
arXiv:1608.05436 [physics.ins-det]
pion-beam timing signals integrated into TES data stream S/N improved by factor 5
209 pixels Data taking: ~ 13.5 hours
E(4f → 3d) = 6428.39 ± 0.13(stat.) ± 0.09(syst.) eV, E(4d → 3p) = 6435.76 ± 0.30(stat.)+0.11
−0.07(syst.) eV,
I(4d → 3p)/I(4f → 3d) = 0.30 ± 0.03(stat.) ± 0.02(syst.),
X-ray energies → favor two 1s electrons Relative intensity
Constraints on a cascade calculation
DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptw130
Letter
First application of superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters to hadronic atom X-ray spectroscopy
HEATES Collaboration
∗
✓ We need to combine with liquid He target system.
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Assuming 6 eV FWHM resolution
K- beam
stop K- in a target
TES system Kaon beam detectors
Energy (eV)
6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700
Counts / 2 eV
20 40 60 80 100 50 kW beam intensity 2 week data taking 2p → 3d He
3
kaonic
1
α
Fe K
2
α
Fe K 2p → 3d He
4
kaonic
before summer 2017 ??
Resolution goal: 6 eV Precision goal: 0.2 eV Expected spectrum based on a background simulation In the actual experiment, We will measure 3He&4He separately
hadron-beam experiments.
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