Application of X-ray microcalorimeters to hadronic-atom spectroscopy - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Application of X-ray microcalorimeters to hadronic-atom spectroscopy ‣ TES microcarorimeters ‣ Kaonic atom X-rays ‣ Demonstration experiments at PSI & J-PARC ‣ Summary Tadashi Hashimoto (RIKEN) for the HEATES (J-PARC E62) collaboration 1 T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016

HEATES collaboration (J-PARC E62) - H igh-resolution E xotic A tom x-ray spectroscopy with TES microcalorimeters - M. Bazzi a , D.A. Bennett b , C. Berucci c , D. Bosnar d , C. Curceanu a , W.B. Doriese b , J.W. Fowler b , H. Fujioka e , C. Guaraldo a , F. Parnefjord Gustafsson f , T. Hashimoto g , R.S. Hayano h ∗ , J.P. Hays-Wehle b , G.C. Hilton b , T. Hiraiwa i , M. Iio j , M. Iliescu a , S. Ishimoto j , K. Itahashi g , M. Iwasaki g,l , Y. Ma g , H. Noumi i , G.C. O’Neil b , H. Ohnishi g , S. Okada g † , H. Outa g ‡ , K. Piscicchia a , C.D. Reintsema b , Y. Sada i , F. Sakuma g , M. Sato g , D.R. Schmidt b , A. Scordo a , M. Sekimoto j , H. Shi a , D. Sirghi a , F. Sirghi a , K. Suzuki c , D.S. Swetz b , K. Tanida k , H. Tatsuno b,i , M. Tokuda l , J. Uhlig f , J.N. Ullom b,m , S. Yamada n , T. Yamazaki h , and J. Zmeskal c a Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell’ INFN, Frascati, RM, I-00044, Italy b National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO, 80303, USA c Stefan-Meyer-Institut f¨ ur subatomare Physik, Vienna, A-1090, Austria d Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR-10000, Croatia e Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan f Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Lund, 221 00, Sweden g RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, Wako, 351-0198, Japan h Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan i Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan j High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan k Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, 319-1184, Japan l Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan m Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309-0390, USA n Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan Nuclear physicists (RIKEN+) + TES experts (NIST) + Astrophysicists (TMU) 2 T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016

T ransition- E dge- S ensor microcalorimeters Thermometer sensitivity Width of transition edge Δ E~ a few mK a few mK Resistance Thermometer X-ray energy : E Ener T Absorber Heat capacity : C super- normal super- normal conducting conducting ~ pJ/K conducting conducting sate sate state state Thermal conductance : G ~ nW/K Low temperature heat sink 0 Temperature ~ 100 mK ✓ Excellent energy resolution ~2 eV FWHM@ 6 keV 
 c.f. Silicon detectors: 150 eV FWHM @ 6 keV ✓ Wide dynamic range possible � α ≡ d ln R k B T 2 C E max ∼ CT C / α ∆ E = d ln T α 3 T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016

NIST TES system J.N. Ullom et al., Synchrotron Radiation News, Vol. 27, 24 (2014) Au coated Si collimator Bi + TES 1cm Photo credit : J. Uhlig ‣ 50mK cryostat ‣ Pulse tube (60K, 3K) + ADR (1K, 50mK) ‣ ADR hold time: > 1 day ‣ Manufactured by High Precision Devices, Inc. ‣ Detector snout ‣ 240 pixel Mo-Cu bilayer TES 
 3 3 30 ch TDM(time division multiplexing) readout c m ‣ 1 pixel : 300 x 320 um 2 → total ~ 23 mm 2 ‣ 4 um Bi absorber → efficiency ~0.85@6 keV 4 T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016

Kaonic atom X-rays 5 T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016

Kaonic atom X-rays kaonic helium case 3d 3d-2p X-ray ( ~6 keV ) Strong Width : Γ 2p 2p interaction Shift : Δ E 2p (Coulomb only) Nuclear absorption Unique probe of the K bar -nucleus strong interaction at the threshold energy complementary to kaonic-nuclei study 6 T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016

K bar -nucleus interaction from Kaonic atom data C.J. Batty et al. IPhysics Reports 287 (1997) 385445 40% C. J. Batty, E. Friedman, and A. Gal,Phys. Rep., 287 (1997) 385. ‣ Data points exist 
 Kaonic atoms lo4 (a) across the periodic table F c 1 n=3 ).&I • K-p, K-d: K bar N scattering length n=5 n IO3 B n=4 - Shift [eV] • Z = 2(He) ~ 92(U) f - K bar N interaction in nuclei - measurements in 1970’s & 80’s 
 not so good quality… ‣ Global analysis 
 prefer a deep potential? 
 - Re V ~ 150~200 MeV Width [eV] • Phenomenological 
 density dependent optical potential Phys. Rep., 287 (1997) 385. 1 • Chiral potential ( ~50 MeV ) 
 Ramos, Oset, NPA671(00)481 -I + phen. multi nucleon terms. 10 60 70 80 90 20 30 40 50 100 0 lo E. Friedman and A. Gal, NPA 899( 2013) 60. Z (atomic number) Z 7 Fig. IT. Shift and width values for kaonic atoms. The continuous lines join points calculated with the best-fit optical T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016 potential discussed in Section 4.2. Ref. [44]. For ease of reference, the complete data set listed in [44] will be referred to as ALL. The data set with 180 and 98Mo omitted will be denoted LESS, whilst the measurements for the two isotope pairs 160-180 and 92Mo-98Mo will be referred to as ISO.

K bar -nucleus interaction from Kaonic atom data C.J. Batty et al. IPhysics Reports 287 (1997) 385445 40% C. J. Batty, E. Friedman, and A. Gal,Phys. Rep., 287 (1997) 385. ‣ Data points exist 
 Kaonic atoms lo4 (a) across the periodic table F c 1 n=3 ).&I • K-p, K-d: K bar N scattering length n=5 n IO3 B n=4 - Shift [eV] • Z = 2(He) ~ 92(U) f - K bar N interaction in nuclei - measurements in 1970’s & 80’s 
 not so good quality… ‣ Global analysis 
 prefer a deep potential? 
 - Re V ~ 150~200 MeV Width [eV] • Phenomenological 
 density dependent optical potential Phys. Rep., 287 (1997) 385. 1 • Chiral potential ( ~50 MeV ) 
 Ramos, Oset, NPA671(00)481 -I + phen. multi nucleon terms. 10 60 70 80 90 20 30 40 50 100 0 lo E. Friedman and A. Gal, NPA 899( 2013) 60. Z (atomic number) Z 8 Fig. IT. Shift and width values for kaonic atoms. The continuous lines join points calculated with the best-fit optical T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016 potential discussed in Section 4.2. Ref. [44]. For ease of reference, the complete data set listed in [44] will be referred to as ALL. The data set with 180 and 98Mo omitted will be denoted LESS, whilst the measurements for the two isotope pairs 160-180 and 92Mo-98Mo will be referred to as ISO.

K-He atom 2p level shift a recent theoretical calculation J. Yamagata-Sekihara, S. Hirenzaki : — Strong-intaction Shift & Width calc. E. Hiyama : (Gauss expansion method) — Charge-density dist calc. for 4 He& 3 He deep shallow Choosing the following two typical models : [Pheno.] Mares, Friedman, Gal, NPA770(06)84 Phenomenological Chiral [Chiral] Ramos, Oset, NPA671(00)481 V opt (r=0) ~ - (180 + 73i) MeV V opt (r=0) ~ - (40 + 55i) MeV preliminary K- 4 He -0.41 eV -0.09 eV K- 3 He 0.23 eV -0.10 eV -0.64 eV 0.01 eV Isotope shift (K- 4 He - K- 3 He) Dominant systematic error (~0.15 eV) Width : 2 ~ 4 eV due to kaon-mass uncertainty will be cancelled. 9 T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016

K-He atom 2p level shift a recent theoretical calculation J. Yamagata-Sekihara, S. Hirenzaki : — Strong-intaction Shift & Width calc. E. Hiyama : (Gauss expansion method) — Charge-density dist calc. for 4 He& 3 He deep shallow Our goal (J-PARC E62): Choosing the following two typical models : [Pheno.] Mares, Friedman, Gal, NPA770(06)84 Measure the 2p shifts in K -3 He& 4 He Phenomenological Chiral [Chiral] Ramos, Oset, NPA671(00)481 V opt (r=0) ~ - (180 + 73i) MeV V opt (r=0) ~ - (40 + 55i) MeV with precisions of 0.2 eV. preliminary ← 6 eV FWHM resolution + 200 counts K- 4 He -0.41 eV -0.09 eV K- 3 He 0.23 eV -0.10 eV -0.64 eV 0.01 eV Isotope shift (K- 4 He - K- 3 He) Dominant systematic error (~0.15 eV) Width : 2 ~ 4 eV due to kaon-mass uncertainty will be cancelled. 10 T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016

Demonstration experiments support by Pion beamline at PSI in 2014 “A02 公募研究 (S. Okada)” Kaon beamline at J-PARC in 2016 TES operation in hadron-beam environments? Background? Energy calibration? Pionic-atom X-rays? (Stopped-K - tuning) 11 T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016

~ 200 / week momentum ~ 200 / hour science X-ray rate (to be measured in 2017) K 4 He 3-2: 6.4 keV K 3 He 3-2: 6.2 keV π 12 C 4-3: 6.4 keV hadronic atom X-rays from 
 8 *10 5 / spill 1.4 ~ 2.8 * 10 6 cps (sum of all particles) intensity 900 MeV/c 170 MeV/c ~ 0.2 ~ 0.4 purity K - π - particle K1.8BR πM1 beam line Tokai, Japan Villigen, Switzerland location J-PARC PSI PSI v.s. J-PARC 12 T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016

Experimental setup PSI J-PARC 13 T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016

TES Experimental setup degrader Similar for both experiments ~6 cm X-ray Detectors for beam particles PSI: 4 scintillation counters J-PARC: Many counters & MWDCs 
 target sample to identify K decay detectors for beam particles (C/Li) PSI J-PARC π beam π beam 14 T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016

Mn K α spectrum 209 TESs PSI X-ray generator PSI PSI ~ 190 TESs J-PARC 55 Fe source J-PARC J-PARC 6 30 (4.6 eV) beam off spill off (5.1 eV) counts / 0.5 eV / s counts / 0.5 eV / s (6.5 eV) 1.4 MHz spill on 5 25 (6.6 eV) (8.7 eV) 2.8 MHz 4 20 3 15 10 2 5 1 0 0 5860 5870 5880 5890 5900 5910 5920 5860 5870 5880 5890 5900 5910 5920 Energy (eV) Energy (eV) ‣ high-energy particle beam degrades resolution a bit. 15 T. Hashimoto@NSMAT2016