APEX re-investments plan Pending approval of the extended operation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

APEX - The Atacama Pathfinder Experiment Telescope & Instrument development plan Rolf Güsten

for the APEX Consortium

R.Güsten

R.Güsten

Pending approval of the extended operation of the project (2018-22), the Consortium prepares for necessary re-investments to secure APEX’ position as leading submm facility:

Ringberg APEX 2016

APEX re-investments plan Re-investments into

• Sequitor & Chajnantor general infrastructure
• telescope upgrades

– critical spares/replacements to secure basic performance for extended lifetime – wobbler/secondary/hexapod (with enhanced performance)

• suite of new instruments to remain at the forefront of innovation

R.Güsten

Telescope enhancements

The ensemble of [hexapod, wobbler, secondary mirror] is the most likely single-point failure of aging telescope hardware, failure will result in long downtimes (6-12 months) We suggest timely preventive replacements to ensure continued smooth operation of the facility beyond 2017:

– hexapod: replace against ALMA production line unit (fully compatible with new APEX control hard-/software, spares at site) – buy in on advanced design for new wobbler, or refurbish existing unit as necessary (trade-off between engineering and schedule risks) – integrate with light-weighted Alu vs. higher precision CF subreflector (partly dependent on decision about wobbler)

The new ensemble shall offer enhanced performance (requirement)

• wobbler throw: +/-150" on sky (as is), but with >90% duty cycle
• the surface accuracy of the antenna could improve by 2-3 µm rms

Timeline is important: goal must be an installation during the early 2018 shutdown

Incoherent detectors at APEX

R.Güsten

Bolometer Arrays at APEX (as of 2015)

Instrument λc [µm] number of pixels FoV [arcmin] NEFD [mJy √s] in operation instrument status notes

since until LABOCA* 870 295 11.4 100 05/07 facility 210 pixels as of 2014 SABOCA 350 37 1.5 750 05/09 facility effectively de-commissioned ASZCa 2000 280 22 50 12/05 08/10 PI (MPIfR) UC Berkeley with MPIfR P-ArTeMiSb 450 256 1.6×1.6 2000 03/07 07/09 PI (ESO) ESO with CEA/Saclay

Incoherent Arrays for APEX in development

A-MKID 865 3520 15×15 50 06/16 PI (MPIfR) MPIfR with SRON 353 21600 160 /17 ArTeMiS 450 2048 4.4×2.4 400 PI (ESO) ESO with Saclay 350 2048 4.4×2.4 700 07/13a 200 1024 1.0×0.9 1000

Coherent detectors at APEX

R.Güsten

Development goals

– cover all atmospheric windows accessible from Chajnantor with state-of-the-art receivers – for all bands: dual-polarization (co-aligned on sky) and 2SB if possible – if technologically feasible: 4-12 GHz IF response – dual-color operating bands: (7 & 9), 8 &10 – wideband IF-processors and digital back-ends (handling 64-112 GHz of signal)

Coherent detectors at APEX

R.Güsten

Heterodyne and Grating Spectrometers at APEX (as of 2015)

Instrument RF range

[GHz]

IF band

[GHz]

TRx [K]a mixer in operation instrument status notes since until

Z-Spec(h) 185 – 305 R: 2-400d

• -c

09/10 12/12 PI (ESO) grating spectrometer SEPIA-B5 158 – 211 4 – 8 ~40 2SB 02/15 PI(OSO/ESO) dual-polarization APEX-1 213 – 268 4 – 8f 85 − 160 SSB 02/08 facility(OSO) PI230 195g – 270 4 – 12 45 − 55 2SB 12/15 PI (MPIfR) VLBI, dual pol. APEX-2 267 – 378 4 – 8f 85 − 190 SSB 02/08 facility(OSO) APEX-2a 279 – 381 4 – 8 120 – 160 DSB 07/05 12/07 facility(OSO) de-commissioned SuperCam 344 – 346 4 – 8(k) 105 DSB 11/14 05/15 PI(OSO/ESO) 64 pixel het array(k) APEX-3 386 – 504 4 – 8 95 − 120 DSB 10/12 facility(OSO) SEPIA-B9 610 – 720 4 – 8 70 – 130 tbc DSB 2016 PI(OSO/ESO) ESO/OSO with SRON FLASH 420 – 500 2 – 4 110 – 180 DSB 05/04 12/11 PI (MPIfR) dual-color 780 – 880 4 – 8 400 – 500 DSB 12/09 FLASH+ 268 – 375 2×4 – 8 80 – 100 2SB 04/10 PI (MPIfR) dual-color 385 – 510 2×4 – 8 100 – 160 2SB 06/12 CHAMP+ 620 – 720 7× 4 – 8 175 – 250 (D)SBb 04/07 PI (MPIfR) dual-color array 2× 7 pix hexag. 780 – 950 7× 4 – 8 500 – 600 (D)SBb 1.05 THz Rx 990 – 1050 4 – 8 400 – 550 DSB 02/09 ../13 PI (MPIfR) under repair 460 2 – 4 130 DSB APEX-T2 1250-1385 2 – 4 1000-1600 DSB facility(OSO) de-commissioned CONDOR(i) 1250-1530 1.1 – 1.8 3200 DSB 10/05 11/05 PI (MPIfR) KOSMA

Spectroscopy Receivers for APEX in development

LAsMA 268 – 375 7×2× 4 – 8+ 80 – 100 2SB 10/16 PI (MPIfR) 7 pixel het array SEPIA-B9 610 – 720 4 – 12 2SB 2017 PI(OSO/ESO) ESO/OSO with SRON ZEUS-2 490 …1500 R ∼1000d

• -c

PI (MPIfR) Cornell with MPIfR

Nasmyth Cabin A Nasmyth Cabin B

SHeFI

230 – 345 – 460

SEPIA

180/2 – open – 660/2

FLASH+

345/1 – 460/1

CHAMP+

7x 660 – 7x 850

LAsMA

7x 345/1

PI230

230/2

SEPIA

180/2 – open – 660/2

PI230

230/2

CHAMP+

7x 660 – 7x 850

LFA/HFA device upgrade

CHAMP+

2x 7x 660

no HFA devices

SEPIA

180/2 – 345/2 – 660/2

FLASH+

850/2 – 460/2

SHeFI

decommissioned

PI instrument facility instrument

DSB (4-8) DSB (4-12) SSB (4-8) 2SB (4-12) 2SB (4-8)

SHeFI

230 – 345 – 460

FLASH+

345/1 – 460/1

LAsMA

7x 345/1

PI230

230/2

Q1/2016 Q4/2016 Q1/2018

decommission 345/1

Timeline for instrument upgrades (subject to approval of funding requests/ resources)

color coding

Note: temporary installations at visitor port are not considered (Zeus-2, MPIfR THz Rx)

R.Güsten

IF processing /back-ends The new heterodyne receivers come with enhanced IF processing bandwidth

which does require a novel (integrated) approach on signal processing based on high- bandwidth FFT boards (4 GHz min) Delivery by early 2018 (in time for the new/upgraded front-ends) will be challenging. Front-end (examples) Mode of Operation Pix × BW [GHz] BWT PI230 (or SEPIA-B9) dual pol 2SB 2x2x 4-12 32 FLASH++(460 & 850) dual color, dual pol, 2SB 2x2x2x 4-12 64 LAsMA single pol 2SB 2x7x 4-8 56 CHAMP+ (upgraded) dual color DSB 2x7x 4-12 112

R.Güsten

The APEX Mission Philosophy This brief outlook on upcoming instrument/telescope enhancements carries forward into the 2018-22 extension the APEX mission philosophy:

• perate a superb telescope at its design limits - safely, efficiently
• provide the APEX communities with the best possible detectors
• continuously upgraded with latest technological innovations
• while exploring new technological frontiers

Within very few years our balanced mix of facility and Pl instruments, supported by strong home-based/guest instrument teams, has put APEX on the front line

• f submm astronomy.

To all expectations, our ambitious re-investment program will maintain APEX in its globally unrivaled position for years to come.