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APEX Task III Practical Engineering Issues Associated with the Design of a Liquid Wall Status of Configuration Studies for CLiFF / Flibe System in ARIES - RS P. Fogarty, B. Nelson APEX Meeting, May 8-12, 2000 Fusion Energy Division O R

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SLIDE 1

Task III Practical Engineering Issues Associated with the Design of a Liquid Wall

Status of Configuration Studies for CLiFF / Flibe System in ARIES - RS

  • P. Fogarty, B. Nelson

APEX Meeting, May 8-12, 2000

APEX

O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 2

Presentation Outline

  • Goals and Requirements
  • Overall Configuration
  • Components and Systems
  • Fast Flow
  • Blankets and piping
  • Divertor, Penetrations, and Pumping
  • Assembly and maintenance
  • Issues and Summary

O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 3

”Bag” blanket w ith a thin liquid first w all addresses most issues

First Wall

  • Thin layer of fast moving Flibe (~ 2 cm thick at 10 m/s)
  • Temperature ~ 465 C to minimize vapor pressure

Blanket

  • Thick zone of slower moving Flibe
  • Flibe contained in flexible “bags” woven from SiC fibers
  • Bags are filled from the bottom
  • Any hot liquid bag leaks are cooled by FW fast flow
  • Bags expand to close sector to sector gaps
  • No halo currents into structure, minimal load asymmetry
  • Extra 10 cm zone of Be near front of bag improves breeding
  • Passive stabilizers may be woven into bag around Be zone

O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 4

Reasons for developing a damage resistant blanket & first w all

Goals for first wall and blanket design include:

  • High power density
  • High temperature - good power conversion efficiency
  • High availability
  • Tolerant of some failures
  • Long life
  • Quick repair times, …etc
  • Low activation

Conventional designs using solid walls do not presently meet all goals

  • Power density may be too low or
  • Walls are too thin or
  • Refractory materials are not low activation

O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 5

CLiFF “Bag” Concept / Configuration

Solenoid PF Coils TF Coils Vacuum Vessel Divertor Fast Flow Cassette Inboard Bag Outboard Bag Shield Module Vacuum Pumping / Drain Fast Flow Liquid

O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 6

Power Extraction Neutron Wall Load 7 MW/m2 avg* 10 MW/m2 peak* Surface Heat Flux 2 MW/m2* Tritium Breeding Self Sufficient TBR > 1 Nuclear heating of coils (sc cable) < 1kW/m

3

Re-weldable confinement boundary < 1 appm He

  • Base partial pressure, non-fuel

< 1x10-9 Torr Plasma Exhaust Divertor required To remove helium

  • Base pressure, fuel (H,D,T)

< 1x10-7 Torr

General Design Requirements

Coils radiation exposure (insulation) < 1x10

9 Rad

Shielding Compatible with plasma Vacuum

Function Requirement Value/Goal

* Values are minimum goals for steady state operation

O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 7

Plasma Heating Power Density ~ 6 MW / m

2

Diagnostics Viewing through labyrinth / mirrors Pulse Length Steady State Number of pulses < 3,000 Disruptions TBD Maximize total availability A

plant

> .75 A

blanket

/ FW

> .98 Confinement Boundaries At least 2

Design Requirements (cont’d)

Penetrations Availability Safety Operating Parameters

O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 8

Side Elevation View

1614 1414 1064 10

A A - A A

2886 3994 415 1693 165 1913 9100 13000 25 4141 6799 6932 25 7987 3342 5598 4718 4327 2614 2 2 5 0 4065 9270 3170 1113

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SLIDE 9

Flow / Temperature Diagram

600 600 600 600 600 500 500 534 534 534 534 534 534 534 5 3 4 534 534 5 500 550 Max Surface Temp

Divertor

Inboard Outboard 534 534 534 534

FF Cassette

P P P P P 534 534 534 P

Bag Bag

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SLIDE 10

TF Coil Vacuum Vessel Shield Zone 2 Bags Zone 1 Bags Fast Flow First Wall Antenna Divertor

Coolant Circuits

O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 11

Pumping Summary - Cliff/Flibe Case

Circuit type Power to circuits in one sector Tinlet Toutlet Flow rate per sector # of circuits per sector Pipe size (I.D.) velocity (MW) (C) (C) (l/s) (inches) (m/s) First Wall Fast Flow IB (inboard) 26.9 500 526 251 10 6.0 1.4 OB (outboard) main flow 33.3 500 520 408 10 6.0 2.2 OB (outboard) auxiliary flow 25.0 500 524 255 10 5.5 1.7 Flow under OB penetration 3.0 500 514 52 21 1.4 2.6 "Bag" Blankets IB, plasma side 13.6 530 585 51 10 2.3 1.9 IB, coil side 20.1 530 604 56 10 2.3 2.1 OB, plasma side 26.9 530 584 102 15 2.3 2.5 OB, coil side 45.4 530 603 127 15 2.3 3.2 IB, divertor, plasma side 3.4 530 584 13 2 2.0 3.2 IB divertor, coil side 1.8 530 585 7 2 1.5 3.0 OB divertor, plasma side 9.7 530 585 37 2 3.5 3.0 OB divertor, coil side 15.3 530 605 42 2 4.0 2.6 Divertor Sled IB structure 2.8 530 550 29 1 6.0 1.6 OB structure 0.1 530 550 1 1 2.0 0.4 Film Former Cassette Body 10.2 530 550 105 1 8.0 3.2 Penetration 16.3 530 600 48 1 8.0 1.5 Main Shield IB shield 0.3 530 540 7 1 3.0 1.4 OB shield 0.1 530 540 2 1 2.0 1.0 Vacuum Vessel IB Vessel 0.1 530 535 4 1 3.0 0.8 OB Vessel 0.0 530 535 1 1 2.0 0.3 TOTAL ALL SECTORS 4069 25572

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SLIDE 12

O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

Sector Installation / Maintenance

Sector Module is shown withdrawn from its vacuum vessel port location Except for removable divertor & film former cassettes, all other components are an integral part of the Shield Assembly

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SLIDE 13

Fast Flow Drain / Vacuum Pumping Duct Shield Sleeve Divertor Cassette O.B. Bags I.B. Bags Fast Flow Cassette Shield Module Vacuum Vessel

Modular Components

O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 14

Vacuum Vessel

Structural rib with mounting holes that attach the Shield Modules together on the

  • utboard side

Removable support track for Divertor Cassette maintenance Drain / Pump Duct Shield Sleeve O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 15

Shield Module

Structural flange for attaching the Shield Modules together on the

  • utboard side

O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 16

Inboard / Outboard Bag Assemblies

Inlet Pipes, 2 circuits per bag

C

  • l

a n t F l

  • w

s C

  • l

a n t F l

  • w

s

Flexible Blanket Bags Outlet Pipes, 2 circuits per bag O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 17

Upper Piping Arrangement Lower Piping Arrangement Upper Piping Lower Piping

Inboard

Bag Piping Configurations

Outboard

Flat to Round Transition O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 18

SiC “bag” is damage resistant and it has low activation

  • Bag is woven from Sic fibers
  • Structure remains flexible,

even though material is very brittle

  • No, or very minimal

thermal stress

  • SiC fabric is commercially

available

  • Small leaks from bag should

not be a fatal problem, since vapor pressure is suppressed by cooler flow over surface

O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 19

Inboard Bag Outboard Bag 652 1055

Outboard Bag Typical Cross Section

Zone Dimensions TBD Zone Dimensions TBD First Zone Be Zone Conducting Mesh Flow Divider Bulk Flow Attachment Block

“Bag” Cross Section

O R N L

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SLIDE 20

View Looking Upward

Inboard Nozzle

Inboard Stream Inboard Stream

Outboard Auxiliary Nozzle

Outboard Auxiliary Stream Outboard Auxiliary Stream

Outboard Stream

Front View of Nozzles

Cutaway Section

Fast Flow Cassette

Outboard Supply Outboard Auxiliary Supply Outboard Stream Inboard Stream Inboard Supply O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 21

Mid Plane Cut Looking Upward Bottom of Fast Flow Cassette

Outboard Flow Outboard Flow Inboard Flow Inboard Flow

Adjustable Nozzle Tips

Top View Assembly

Fast Flow Configuration

Divertor Cassette Fast Flow Cassette Outboard Fast Flow Inboard Fast Flow Bottom Drain Flow Flow Disruption Region O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 22

Divertor Cassette

Close-up

  • f flow

disruption baffles Divertor Bags Vacuum Pumping Duct Underneath view showing fast flow drain passages Diagnostics / Heating Cassette O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 23

Divertor Cassette Cross Section

Bag

Outboard Fast Flow Fast Flow Drain Additional Vacuum Pumping

Diagnostics / Heating Insert

Inboard Fast Flow Vacuum Pumping Flow Disruption Region

O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division

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SLIDE 24

Estimated Blanket Heating

Most heat is deposited in first 10 cm

Nuclear heating in zones of the IB bag blanket Flibe coolant, SiC weave, ARIES-RS configuration 0.00E+00 5.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.50E+01 2.00E+01 2.50E+01 3.00E+01 3.50E+01 4.00E+01 4.50E+01 5.00E+01 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Distance, s, from front of bag (m) Nuclear heating (MW/m^3) s

Inboard

Nuclear heating in zones of the OB bag blanket Flibe coolant, SiC weave, ARIES-RS configuration 0.00E+00 1.00E+01 2.00E+01 3.00E+01 4.00E+01 5.00E+01 6.00E+01 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Distance, s, from front of bag (m) Nuclear heating (MW/m^3) s

Outboard

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SLIDE 25

Integrated Pow er (MW) in Zones

  • f the Blanket

Flibe Coolant, SiC Weave, ARIES-RS Configuration

Integrated Power (MW) in zones of the IB bag blanket Flibe coolant, SiC weave, ARIES-RS configuration

0.00E+00 2.00E-01 4.00E-01 6.00E-01 8.00E-01 1.00E+00 1.20E+00 1.40E+00 1.60E+00 1.80E+00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 zone #, (5 cm zones, zone 1 toward plasma)

Power into zone (Mw) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

0.45 m

Inboard

Integrated Power (MW) in zones of the OB bag blanket Flibe coolant, SiC weave, ARIES-RS configuration

0.00E+00 5.00E-01 1.00E+00 1.50E+00 2.00E+00 2.50E+00 3.00E+00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 zone #, (5 cm zones, zone 1 toward plasma) Power into zone (Mw)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

0.60 m

Outboard

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SLIDE 26

Split between blanket / shield / vv Flow temperature / flow details Integration of Be in front region of blanket Work with Mahmoud, Mohamed Sawan

  • n Be form, quantity

Integration of Passive stabilizer structure with blanket Work with ARIES-RS team on reqs. Damage limit for SiC Work with Steve Zinkle & Mtls Group Divertor and vacuum pumping integration Work with Richard Nygren Divertor flow modifier structure Work with Richard Nygren Fast Flow nozzle design and placement Work with Karani and Sergey on nozzle models Work with Mahmoud, Mohamed Sawan Work with Dai Kai

Cliff/Flibe Issues Plans

O R N L

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SLIDE 27

Flibe won’t work, surface temp must be below melting point Document Flibe design, switch to SnLi MHD Effects Map magnetic field along moving fluid D-T recycling / He pumping Work with Richard Nygren Previous issues Same as Flibe plans

Cliff / SnLi

Issues Plans

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SLIDE 28

Summary

First Wall

  • Thin layer of fast moving Flibe ~ 2 cm thick @ 10 m/s, 465 C

minimal vapor pressure

Blanket

  • Thick zone of slow moving Flibe ~ 47 cm thick @ 5 m/s, 600 C,

with multiple radial zones for better flow / temperature control

  • Flexible “Bags” woven from SiC fibers with passive stabilizers

and extra 10 cm zone of Be at front of bag improves breeding

  • Hot liquid leaking from bags is cooled by fast flow layer
  • Bags expand to close any sector to sector gaps
  • No halo currents, minimal load asymmetry, low thermal stress

Maintenance

  • Removable, high-maintenance divertor and film former cassettes -

while all other components are maintained outside of the device when the sector module ( 1 of 16 ) is completely removed

O R N L

AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Fusion Energy Division