Andrew Jackson 7 th President of the United States (1829-1837) Born - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Andrew Jackson

7th President of the United States (1829-1837) Born March 15, 1767 – Died June 8, 1845

Alabama’s First President

Jackson Statue

by Clark Mills, 1853, near the White House in Lafayette Square

General Andrew Jackson

by Thomas Sully, 1824

At least forty-two locations named for him including Jackson County in Alabama Franklin (163), Washington (142), Jefferson (65), Jackson (61) (Presidential Ratings 1996 5th, 2016-18 17th)

Presentation by Phil Wirey, updated August 2019

Rachel Donelson John Donelson John Sevier John Coffee Davy Crockett John C. Calhoun Captain George Fields "I know of no great service you have rendered the country except taking a trip with another man's wife.“, John Sevier, 1803

Chrono- logical

• rder

President Schlesing- er 1948 poll rank Schlesing- er 1962 poll rank 1982 Murray- Blessing survey of 846 historians Average poll ranking 16 Abraham Lincoln 1 1 1 1.0 Wartime President 1 George Washington 2 2 3 2.3 Military General 32 Franklin D. Roosevelt 3 3 2 2.7 Wartime President 28 Woodrow Wilson 4 4 6 4.7 Wartime President 3 Thomas Jefferson 5 5 4 4.7 Vice President 7 Andrew Jackson 6 6 7 6.3 Military General 26 Theodore Roosevelt 7 7 5 6.3 Vice President / Colonel Spanish War 33 Harry S. Truman – 9 8 8.5 Wartime President 2 John Adams 9 10 9 9.3 Vice President 11 James K. Polk 10 8 12 10.0 Wartime President 22, 24 Grover Cleveland 8 11 17 12.0 Governor 6 John Quincy Adams 11 13 16 13.3 Secretary of State 4 James Madison 14 12 14 13.3 Wartime President 5 James Monroe 12 18 15 15.0 Secretary of State

America’s Greatest Presidents?

1920’s Ratings Phil’s Ratings Indian Removal * George Washington Andrew Jackson George Washington Abraham Lincoln Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson Abraham Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant Andrew Jackson George Washington Andrew Jackson Theodore Roosevelt Ulysses S. Grant Abraham Lincoln Mount Rushmore – Washington, Lincoln, Jefferson, Roosevelt

“The removal of the tribes from the territory which they now inhabit...would not only shield them from impending ruin, but promote their welfare and happiness. Experience has clearly demonstrated that in their present state it is impossible to incorporate them in such masses, in any form whatever, into our system.”

* Preferred Drinks: Dark Beer, Wine, Champagne, Whiskey, Water

Mint Julep

General Mad Anthony Wayne Compact of 1802 The Long Walk Calvin Coolidge

Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration

• f Independence (he is the

present King of Great-Britain): He has excited domestic Insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the Inhabitants of our Frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known Rule of Warfare, is an undistinguished Destruction, of all Ages, Sexes and Conditions. Royal Proclamation of 1763 Treaty of Paris

Andrew Jackson’s Homes and Occupations (1767-1845)

Homes Waxhaw (NC, SC), Jonesboro, Nashville (TN), Natchez (MS), Pensacola (FL), Melton’s Bluff (Lawrence County), Jackson Hollow (Sheffield) (AL), Washington (DC) Occupations

• Saddle Maker, School Teacher, Lawyer
• Solicitor of the Western District
• Delegate to the Tennessee constitutional convention
• U.S. Representative
• U.S. Senator as a Democratic-Republican.
• Judge of the Tennessee Supreme Court
• Governor of Florida
• Colonel and General State Militia
• General US Army – Southern Division (William Henry Harrison – General Northern Division)
• Commissioner to the Indians under William Crawford and John C. Calhoun, from 1814 to 1824 Jackson

(called Sharp Knife) was instrumental in negotiating nine out of eleven treaties with the Southern Tribes

• Planter, slave owner, merchant, distiller, breeder of racing horses
• Fought ?? duels, wounded once in which he killed Charles Dickinson,

most famous duel was with John Sevier

• Mason, professed no religious affiliation during presidency, Methodist, Presbyterian

7th US President Abraham Lincoln referred to Andrew Jackson’s addresses when planning his own inaugural address. Franklin Delano Roosevelt referred to Jackson as his favorite president and visited Hermitage

Early Forts and Settlements East Tennessee highlighting Early Settlers of Morgan County, AL (Goodspeed’s 1886 Tennessee Map)

Clinton (orig. Burrsville, renamed for VP George Clinton) Sutherland’s Ferry White’s Fort - Knoxville Southwest Point - Kingston Craig, Houston’s, Black’s Stations - near Maryville Governor’s Station – John Sevier’s Home, Marble Springs Stephen Heard John Menefee

• Dr. John Sutherland

Captain Joel Wallace and Esther Houston, great aunt of Sam Houston Moytoy I, great-grandfather of Chief Black Fox George Fields alerts Campbell and McCaleb at Campbell’s Station of Cherokee activities Aaron Burleson II, 1784, killed by Indians crossing Cane Creek on Clinch River with Daniel Boone Davy Crockett Doublehead’s Massacre, 1793, 13 killed Black Fox, born 1746 at Eustanali, perhaps on Eastaunaula Creek flowing into Hiwassee River Fort Patrick Henry, beginning of Colonel John Donelson’s 1779-80 voyage to French Lick (Kingsport to Nashville) Elk Gardens Sevierville Morristown Native American Attacks on Settlers

• One settler killed every 10 days in 1789
• Cumberland area had 62 deaths during 1791-1792
• Knoxville reported 71 deaths in 7 months in 1793
• Martha Crawley Massacre, Duck River in 1812, 7

members of Manley family killed, Martha Crawley rescued by Tandy Walker, taken to St. Stephens

• Fort Mims Massacre in 1813, 514 killed
• General Jackson attacks in October 1813

Little Pigeon River Watauga Settlement Tri-Cities, Elizabethton, Jonesboro, Rocky Mount (William Cobb – 5th ggf) Jonesboro

George Fields Camp Coffee Cotaco Creek Flint Creek referred to in Chickasaw Certificate of 7-21-1794 as Teuchacunda, Tenchacunda, or Tarchecunda Creek, also called Creek of Wild Corn (possibly from Yuchi tribe, Children of the Sun) Hutchings Bluffs, also referred to as Long Bluff Colonel John Donelson’s voyage in the boat Adventure passes here March 11-12, 1780 Foxes Creek Mallet Creek Melton’s Bluff (Andrew Jackson’s Plantation 1816) Spring Creek Pathkiller’s Creek Big Nance, Na-Ni, sister to Doublehead Town Creek Campell’s Ferry Coldwater Creek Rose’s Bluff Caney Creek Bear Creek Armstrong Ridge Huntsville

John Coffee Map Approved: March 15, 1816 Surveyors: John Hutchings, Charles Bright

Chickasaw Old Fields 44 Mile Tree on Gaines Road surveyed by General Edmund P. Gaines and possible location of Flat Rock on the Little Bear

• Creek. He was

with General William Henry Harrison's army at the Battle of the Thames and is buried in Mobile. Tennessee River, originally called Hogohegee, River of the Cherokee,

• r Cusatees River, eventually

named after Tannassee Cherokee Indian Village

Stephen Heard John Menefee

• Dr. John Sutherland

Captain Joel Wallace and Esther Houston Chief Black Fox Captain George Fields Jonathan Burleson Davy Crockett John Coffee

Fort Deposit Lanes Springs Home of Major William Russell, Gaines Road and Andrew Jackson Highway Creeks Crossing Basis Meridian runs along side Maple Hill Cemetery Hazel Green Winchester York Bluff (Andrew Jackson 1817) Muscle Shoals

Revolutionary War Martha Crawley Incident Creek Indian War Major Ridge William Weatherford Release Battle of New Orleans Duals Presidential Elections Death of Rachel Like Jefferson Died in Debt

Major Ridge Henry Clay John Calhoun

“I have only two regrets, that I never shot Henry Clay

• r hanged John C.

Calhoun.” Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson 1767-1845 Military career (7-0-1)

• Courier in Revolutionary War (captured)
• Creek Indian War (3-0-1)
• War of 1812 (1-0) 7th Military District
• First Seminole War (3-0)

(George Washington (6-10) - French Indian War (2-2), Revolutionary War (3-6), Washington’s War (1-2)) Presidency, beginning of Jacksonian Period

• Won popular vote in elections of 1824, 1828, 1832
• 1st populist president and 1st modern president
• Began spoils system, liberal use of the veto system,

12 vetoes (10 by first six presidents, 635 by FDR)

• Survived first presidential attack and assassination attempt
• Pushed Indian Removal Act through Congress
• Handled the France debt crisis without going to war
• Handled the Nullification crisis while

keeping South Carolina from succeeding

• Headed opposition to the National Bank and

Nicholas Biddle due to corruption

• Only president to retire the National Debt

From James Parton Three Volume Set 1860’s

Key Points: The tribes which occupied the countries now constituting the Eastern States were annihilated or have melted away to make room for the whites. We now propose to acquire the countries occupied by the red men of the South and West by a fair exchange, and, at the expense of the United States, to send them to land where their existence may be prolonged and perhaps made perpetual. The red man … is unwilling to submit to the laws of the States and mingle with their

• population. To save him from this alternative, or perhaps utter annihilation, the General

Government kindly offers him a new home, and proposes to pay the whole expense of his removal and settlement. It puts an end to all possible danger of collision between the authorities of the General and State Governments on account of the Indians. The settlement of the whites .. will incalculably strengthen the southwestern frontier and render the adjacent States strong enough to repel future invasions without remote aid. It will separate the Indians from immediate contact with settlements of whites; free them from the power of the States; enable them to pursue happiness in their own way and under their own rude institutions; will retard the progress of decay, which is lessening their numbers, and perhaps cause them gradually, under the protection of the Government and through the influence of good counsels, to cast off their savage habits and become an interesting, civilized, and Christian community.

Transcript of President Andrew Jackson’s 1830 Annual Message to Congress, Subject - Indian Removal

45,000 American Indians were relocated to the West during Jackson's and Van Buren’s administration

Andrew Jackson’s Last Words - “Oh, do not cry - be good children and we will all meet in heaven.”

Hannah Jackson,

• c. 1880

The tomb of Andrew and Rachel Donelson Jackson

When asked if Jackson had gone to Heaven, a slave replied, “If the General wants to go, who is going to stop him?”

Uncle Alfred Jackson, buried next to General Jackson

The Hermitage, built 1819, burned 1834, rebuilt 1835, damaged by fire in 1836, sold to state in 1856