and Production Yanhong Liu University of California, Davis UC DAVIS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
and production
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

and Production Yanhong Liu University of California, Davis UC DAVIS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 22, 2024 236 likes •689 views

Non-nutrition: the future of nutrition? Non-nutrients in Swine Health and Production Yanhong Liu University of California, Davis UC DAVIS IS Outline World population & calorie demand Non-nutrients - a novel concept Examples

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Non-nutrients in Swine Health and Production

Yanhong Liu

University of California, Davis

UCDAVIS IS Non-nutrition: the future of nutrition?

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Outline

  • World population & calorie demand
  • Non-nutrients - a novel concept
  • Examples
  • Overall summary
  • Take home message

UCDAVIS IS

slide-3
SLIDE 3

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

1965 = 100

Population

World population

UCDAVIS IS

Source: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (2007)

36.7%

9.6 billion

slide-4
SLIDE 4

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

1965 = 100

Population

Food calories

UCDAVIS IS

Source: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (2007)

31.4% Calories 36.7%

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Global demand for meat

UCDAVIS IS

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Swine production

  • Technologies

Genetics Management Reproduction Health Nutrition

UCDAVIS IS

Non-nutrients

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Non-nutrients

  • Bioactive compounds
  • No nutrient contribution to animals
  • But, have physiological activities

beyond provision of bioactive compounds

UCDAVIS IS

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Antibiotics

UCDAVIS IS

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Livestock antibiotics use

UCDAVIS IS

2010: 63,000 tons Van Boeckel et al., 2015

1 2 3

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Antibiotics in feed

  • Treat Disease
  • Growth promoter

Antibiotic resistance Banned in the European Union since 2006 Increasing restricted in the U.S.

  • FDA’s GFI #213

UCDAVIS IS

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Non-nutritive sweeteners

UCDAVIS IS

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Artificial sweeteners

  • Synthetic sugar substitutes
  • Intensive sweeteners
  • Pleasant taste, enhance palatability,

reinforce taste preference, and promote consumption

UCDAVIS IS

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Feeding artificial sweeteners increased feed intake of weaning pigs

UCDAVIS IS

Sterk et al., 2008 150 mg/kg

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Sweeteners enhanced glucose uptake of weaning pigs

* * * * 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 D-glucose uptake Control Sucram Saccharin NHDC Saccharin+NHDC

UCDAVIS IS

Moran et al., 2010 NHDC = neohesperidin dihydrochalcone

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Sweeteners enhanced expression of glucose co-transporters in weaning pigs

* * * * * * * * 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 SGLT-1 mRNA SGLT-1 protein Control Sucram Saccharin NHDC Saccharin+NHDC

UCDAVIS IS

Moran et al., 2010 NHDC = neohesperidin dihydrochalcone

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Artificial sweeteners

  • Pre- & post-weaning periods
  • Improve feed intake
  • Improve feed efficiency
  • Prevent weaning-related malabsorption

UCDAVIS IS

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Exogenous enzymes

UCDAVIS IS

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Anti-nutritional factors

UCDAVIS IS

  • Anti-nutritional factors in animal feed

Examples: phytic acid, glucosinolates, non-starch polysaccharides Reducing amino acid digestibility Binding to various nutrients Disturbing intestinal functions

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Exogenous enzymes

UCDAVIS IS

  • Exogenous enzymes help to degrade

the indigestible components in diet and help to alleviate the negative effects of anti-nutritional factors

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Exogenous enzymes

UCDAVIS IS

Enzyme Main substrate

Phytase Phytic acid Xylanase Arabinoxylans Galactosidase Galatosides Mannanase β-mannans Protease Proteins

slide-21
SLIDE 21

UCDAVIS IS

Liu et al., 2016

b b b a a a a a a 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Bone weight Bone ash Bone P Negative control 250 FTU/kg phytase 500 FTU/kg phytase

g

Dietary phytase enhanced P utilization of weaning pigs

Linear: P < 0.05 Linear: P < 0.05 Linear: P < 0.05

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Dietary phytase improved growth performance of pigs fed P-deficient diets

UCDAVIS IS

Liu et al., 2016

b b a b a a 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 ADG ADFI Negative control 250 FTU/kg phytase 500 FTU/kg phytase c b a 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.58 G:F

g

Linear: P < 0.05 Linear: P < 0.05 Linear: P < 0.05

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Xylanase improved energy digestibility of pigs

UCDAVIS IS

Casas and Stein, 2016

Item Full-fat rice bran Defatted rice bran NDF, % 10.36 13.29 ADF, % 5.65 6.61 Hemicellulose, % 4.71 6.68 ME without xylanase, kcal/kg 3,856 2,936 ME with xylanase, kcal/kg 4,198 3,225

ME: metabolizable energy Xylanase dose: 16,000 units/kg

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Exogenous enzymes

UCDAVIS IS

  • Improve digestibility of nutrients and

energy

  • Improve sustainability of pig production

by increasing the utilization of fibrous by-products in pigs

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Probiotics & prebiotics

UCDAVIS IS

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Probiotics & prebiotics

  • Probiotics: live microorganisms that

have beneficial effects on the host when ingested

  • Prebiotics: compounds able to

improve the growth of beneficial microbes in the GI tract

UCDAVIS IS

Salminen et al., 1998 Gilson et al., 2004

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Probiotics

  • Main categories
  • Bacillus (Gram +, spore-formers)
  • Lactic acid-producing bacteria
  • Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium,

Enterococcus

  • Yeast

UCDAVIS IS

slide-28
SLIDE 28

Prebiotics

  • Inulin
  • Fructo-oligosaccharides
  • Galacto-oligosaccharides
  • Transgalacto-oligosaccharides
  • Soy oligosaccharides
  • Lactose
  • etc.

UCDAVIS IS

slide-29
SLIDE 29

Probiotics: LGG

UCDAVIS IS

Mao et al., 2016 LGG = Lactobacillus rhamnosus Dose: 109 CFU/g Weanling pigs: 6.7 kg BW

b a 100 200 300 400 500 Mucin 1 U/mg protein b a 10 20 30 40 50 Mucin 2 ng/mg protein b a 4 8 12 16 20 sIgA μg/mg protein Control LGG Jejunal mucosa

slide-30
SLIDE 30

UCDAVIS IS

b a a b 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium

  • E. coli

Log10 (copies/g) Control LGG

Mao et al., 2016

Probiotics: LGG

LGG = Lactobacillus rhamnosus Dose: 109 CFU/g Weanling pigs: 6.7 kg BW

Ileal mucosa

slide-31
SLIDE 31

UCDAVIS IS

b b b a a a 75 76 77 78 79 80 DM Nitrogen Gross energy

ATTD, %

Control 1% Fructan

Zhao et al., 2013

Prebiotics: fructan

Growing pigs: 73 kg BW

slide-32
SLIDE 32

UCDAVIS IS

b a a b 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lactobacillus

  • E. coli

Log10 cfu/g Control 1% Fructan

Zhao et al., 2013

Prebiotics: fructan

Growing pigs: 73 kg BW

Fecal sample

slide-33
SLIDE 33

Probiotics & prebiotics

Potential mechanisms

UCDAVIS IS

Probiotic microbes Completing binding sites and nutrients Metabolites Modulation of immune system

  • Inhibit pathogens
  • Inhibit pathogen attachment
  • Increase gut barrier function
  • Modulate immunity
  • Alter nutrient digestibility
slide-34
SLIDE 34

Plant extracts

UCDAVIS IS

slide-35
SLIDE 35

Plant extracts

UCDAVIS IS

  • Concentrated, hydrophobic, volatile aroma
  • Mixtures of secondary plant metabolites
  • Biological effects:

 Antimicrobial  Anti-inflammatory  Antioxidant  Others: Antiviral, Antifungal, Antiparasitic, Antitoxigenic

slide-36
SLIDE 36

UCDAVIS IS

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 d0-11 PI d0-11 PI

Sham

  • E. coli

Control Capsicum Garlicon Turmeric

%

Control vs. plant extracts P < 0.05

Liu et al., 2013

Control vs. plant extracts P < 0.05

Pig days with diarrhea score ≥ 3 1, normal; 5, watery diarrhea

Frequency of diarrhea

slide-37
SLIDE 37

Liu et al., 2013, 2014

Possible mechanism for reduced diarrhea

* * * 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Sham

  • E. coli

μm * * 30 60 90 120 150 180

  • E. coli

Control Capsicum Garlicon Turmeric

  • Possibly improved gut barrier function!

Ileal villi height (d 5 PI) MUC2 in Ileal mucosa (d 5 PI)

UCDAVIS IS

slide-38
SLIDE 38

20 40 60 80 100 Control Capsicum Garlicon Turmeric

Plant extracts reduced systemic inflammation caused by E. coli infection

Liu et al., 2013

* * * * * 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 d5 PI d11 PI × 1000/μL

White blood cell counts

* * * * 20 40 60 80 100 120 d5 PI d11 PI pg/mL

Serum TNF-α UCDAVIS IS

slide-39
SLIDE 39

20 40 60 80 100 Control Capsicum Garlicon Turmeric

Plant extracts reduced gut inflammation caused by E. coli infection

Liu et al., 2013

* * * * * * 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Macrophage Neutrophil Number/mm2 * * * * * * 50 100 150 200 250 COX-2 TNFA Relative mRNA expression

UCDAVIS IS Ileal mucosa, d 5 PI Ileal mucosa, d 5 PI

slide-40
SLIDE 40

Plant extracts

UCDAVIS IS

  • Weanling pigs
  • Increase disease resistance
  • Enhance gut barrier function
  • Modify immune responses
slide-41
SLIDE 41

Overall summary

  • Non-nutrients

Nutrient digestibility or absorption Gut microbial ecology Gut integrity and barrier function Host immune responses

UCDAVIS IS

slide-42
SLIDE 42

Take home message

  • The importance of using non-nutrients

will be increased to maintain pig health and promote grow performance

  • More research are needed for the best

practical solutions for swine health and production

UCDAVIS IS

slide-43
SLIDE 43

Acknowledgement

  • Dr. James Pettigrew’s Lab at University of Illinois
  • Dr. Hans Stein’s Lab at University of Illinois
  • Symposium committee
  • Pancosma
  • ASAS

UCDAVIS IS Non-nutrition: the future of nutrition?

slide-44
SLIDE 44

UCDAVIS IS Non-nutrition: the future of nutrition?

Liu Animal Nutrition Laboratory

  • Nutrients & Non-nutrients on gut health of weaning pigs

http://liu.faculty.ucdavis.edu/