and lessons learnt in the field jeroen.poblome@kuleuven.be - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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and lessons learnt in the field jeroen.poblome@kuleuven.be - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

May 12, 2023 329 likes •986 views

The digital excavation: best practices and lessons learnt in the field jeroen.poblome@kuleuven.be joeri.theelen@kuleuven.be Sagalassos Archaeological Research Project KU Leuven DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN Overview Archaeological

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The digital excavation: best practices and lessons learnt in the field

jeroen.poblome@kuleuven.be joeri.theelen@kuleuven.be Sagalassos Archaeological Research Project KU Leuven

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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Overview

  • Archaeological recording in the field
  • Managing archaeological finds
  • 3D documentation

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDING IN THE FIELD

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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Recording data in the field

  • What is recorded?

– Archaeological finds, and the context (or locus) they are found in

  • How?

– In the past: on paper forms – Now: in a digital manner, using dedicated hardware and software

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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Until 6 years ago: paper forms

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Present: hardware used

Panasonic Toughbooks (ruggedized laptops)

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DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Infrastructure: bring the network to the site

Wifi in the depot Wifi from the excavation house… … to the excavation site

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First software implementation: ARK

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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First software implementation: ARK

  • ARK: Archaeological Recording Kit
  • Open source web application (PHP/MySQL)
  • Developed by LP:Archaeology (London firm)
  • Very good, but…

– Too limited for use in Sagalassos – Hard to adjust and maintain (not very well documented) – Used in 2009 and 2010

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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Since 2011: ArchaeoNotes

  • Application developed by Roel Van Beeumen
  • To record finds and samples within

their context in the field

  • Software specs:

– Java Desktop Application – PostgreSQL database

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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Loci and their finds are hierarchically linked

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DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Loci exist in many types

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DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Finds belong to a Material category

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Managing the destination of finds in the depot

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Relational database model

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LOCUS FIND LABEL LOCATION ARCHAEONOTES

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Attempt to migrate from relational model to sematic web technology

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Using CIDOC CRM for modeling our ontology

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MANAGING ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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Managing an archaeological depot

  • What is an archaeological depot?

– Permanent storage of finds, to be studied later by material specialists

  • Our archaeological depot is

– 13 containers in the garden of the excavation house – 1 long term archive in the center of the village – Stone platforms on the site – The archaeological museum of Burdur

  • We have 60.000 finds (25 years of excavating)

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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All finds in our depot have a unique location

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Other locations considered part of the depot

Fine conservation lab Material specialist’s table Long term archive

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DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Other locations considered part of the depot

Photography room Drawing table Washing place

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DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Barcode labelprinter

Advantage of using barcodes:

  • less prone to errors
  • Faster data entry (using scanners)

To track finds in our depot, we use a barcode system

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Depot Management System

  • Application developed by the project
  • To manage finds and their location in the depot
  • Software specs:

– PHP webapplication, using framework Yii – PostgreSQL database

  • Hardware specs:

– Any device with a modern browser – Barcode printer and scanners

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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Relational database model

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

LOCUS FIND LABEL LOCATION

DEPOT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

manage labels (finds) and their locations

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Forms are simplified for use with barcode scanners

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Link between ArchaeoNotes and Depot Management System

  • Both databases are synchronized in real time
  • Barcodes can be printed from within ArchaeoNotes (on the site!)
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DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Integration of more complicated fine conservation forms

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3D DOCUMENTATION

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3D documentation

  • What is documented?

– Site contexts (during the season): true orthophoto – Complete sites (end of season): true orthophoto – Monuments: 3D model – Stone situations: 3D model – Architectural fragments: 3D model

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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3D documentation

  • How do we document?

– Past: using 3D scanners – Present: using photogrammetric techniques (ground bound or aerial)

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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Trimble VX Spatial Station (50.000 points / hour) FARO Focus 3D (1 million points / second)

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Past: 3D scanning

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Past: 3D scanning using Trimble VX

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

point cloud generation panoramic image generation

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Past: 3D scanning using Trimble VX

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3D model

  • rthophoto

architectural drawing

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Past: 3D scanning using Faro Focus 3D

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

In 2012, using FARO Focus 3D, scanning the theatre of Sagalassos took 1.5 days

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Present: photogrammetric techniques

  • Hardware:

– Nikon DSLR camera – Agnos Modular MonoPole – Balloon or drone carrying a dedicated camera

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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Present: photogrammetric techniques

  • Hardware:

– Nikon DSLR camera – Agnos Modular MonoPole – Balloon or drone carrying a dedicated camera

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

DJI Phantom 2 Vision+

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Present: photogrammetric techniques

  • Software:

– Past: Arc 3D Webservice (ESAT) + MeshLab – Present: PhotoScan by Agisoft

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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Locus registration

  • A mosaic of images is taken from sites at

various moments during the season

  • Images are processed by PhotoScan to create

a true orthophoto

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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True orthophoto generation

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Combining orthophotos with masterplans using GIS

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Aerial photography using balloon

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Few very high resolution images taken at different altitudes and angles True orthophoto of medium resolution covering a large area

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Aerial photography using drone

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Many medium resolution images taken at constant altitudes and angles True orthophoto of high resolution covering a medium sized area

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Balloon versus drone

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

  • Balloon:

– High resolution images (40 Mpx) – High altitude, different angles (less control) – Individual images are of good quality – Problematic in windy conditions

  • Drone:

– Medium resolution images (13 Mpx) – Low altitude, controlled angles – Individual images have huge distortion (fish eye effect) – Limited by battery life

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Differences in detail using different techniques

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Balloon: 40 Mpx

  • alt. 30 – 60 m

Drone: 13 Mpx

  • alt. 5 – 10 m

Pole: 24 Mpx

  • alt. 4.5 m
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3D modeling monuments

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Model of the Hadrianic Nymphaeum for doing visibility analysis

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Steps involved in creating the model using PhotoScan

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Taking images Point cloud generation Creating mesh / wireframe Texturizing model (using original images)

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3D modeling stone situations

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Stone situation in the Roman Baths

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3D modeling architectural fragments

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

Architectural fragments are photographed individually… to create 3D models for study and later use

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Future?

  • Rebuild monuments using 3D models of the

archaeological finds in the office first, later in the field…

DHSS 2014 September 8, 2014 LEUVEN

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Questions?

ERASMUS IP Archaeological Landscapes September 1-14, 2013 IZMIR