An Ove rvie w o f the Ma te ria l-Sa lt Co mpatibility Pro g ra m - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ORNL is ma na g e d by UT

• Ba tte lle , L

L C fo r the US De pa rtme nt o f E ne rg y

An Ove rvie w o f the Ma te ria l-Sa lt Co mpatibility Pro g ra m a t ORNL

Ste phe n Raiman with J. K e ise r, N. Galle g o , C. Co nte sc u,

• J. Mc Murray, A. Willo ug hby, J. Startt,
• J. Mc Duffe y, D. E

ze ll-Bull, S. Sham, and

• the rs

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MSR Campaign Review

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!"!"#$%&'%(#)*(+*,-&./012

Mate rials in mo lte n salts de grade by c hro mium de ple tio n

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MSR Campaign Re vie w

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Stability o f Me tals in Chlo ride Salts

!"#"$%&%'(()*$+',-'./012345

K Cl L iCl NaCl CaCl

2

MgCl

2

AlCl

3

CrCl

2

F e Cl

2

NiCl

2

Mo Cl

4

MnCl

2

Re do x c o nditio n

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MSR Campaign Re vie w

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Chro mium re ac ts at salt-me tal inte rfac e , diffuse s

• utward fro m bulk, and le ave s po ro us laye r

! Salt impuritie s re ac t with struc tural allo ys 2HF (d) + Cr(s) CrF

2(d) + H 2(d)

! Me tallic halide s Cr(s) + F e F

2(d) CrF 2(d) + F

e (s) ! F ue l Cr(s) + 2U F

4(d) CrF 2(d) + 2U

F

3(d)

Similar re ac tio ns in Cl salt, just re plac e F with Cl "#$% &'('#) *+,-'. /( 01$2 /(34-55#)-'. 6.2+(517-1$ (+172-'.)

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MSR Campaign Review

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Our o bje c tive is to unde rstand de gradatio n o f struc tural allo ys in mo lte n salts

E nabling… ! Optimized c hemistry-material c ho ic es ! Ac c urate mo dels o f in-reac to r behavio r ! Develo pment o f advanc ed materials

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MSR Campaign Review

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“Calibrating” ho w salt c he mistry affe c ts the life time o f salt-fac ing c o mpo ne nts !"#$%&'()*+"%*,"

• ./0"1

2",3"'#%4'" 5*66*&1( 7'&84$%6

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MSR Campaign Review

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Outline

! Co rro sio n testing metho ds ! Advanc ed material develo pment ! Graphite and SiC c o mpatibility ! Mo deling ! I rradiatio n ac c elerated c o rro sio n ! I nfrastruc ture develo pment and future plans

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MSR Campaign Review

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Capsule te sting

!"#$%&'$()*&&'+(,*-.( /!&012!&3 "4+( 56+'&(7*0!8("&&69$( )68(:;;<!(-'$-$

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MSR Campaign Review

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F lowing salt with a ther mal gr adient is r equir ed to ac c ur ately r epr

• duc e MSR

c onditions

! T emperature-dependent equilibrium c o nstants drive mass transfer

"#$ %&'

!"#$ %&' ()**+$,)-*.#,$ /0**#12$0#- /&.#*0$0#- %03204 %03204 5#-$)0-6&-$ 5#-$)0-6&-$

78#2,9&:+;<+=&0*&,> H

• t le g: re ac tio n mo ve s to right

(de allo ying) Co ld le g: re ac tio n mo ve s to le ft (de po sitio n)

(") %&'

!" # $%& ' !"%(

(") %&' !"#$ %&'

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MSR Campaign Review

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T he r mal c onve c tion loops have be e n use d at ORNL sinc e the MSRE days

! Salt is intro duc ed at to p ! F lo w is driven by thermal gradient ! Co upo ns are hung in bo th the ho t leg and c o ld leg

"#$%&'( )#&*%&'(

+,$#-'.%/0123%% 4506)%7-89:%;)9

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MSR Campaign Re vie w

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F luor ide salt pr e par ation

! Hydro fluo rinatio n pro c e ss ! Capac ity o f ~ 3.3 L (6.6 kg) pe r batc h ! Ability to pro duc e a varie ty o f salts inc luding fue l salts and F L iBe

"#$%&'()*+),#--

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MSR Campaign Re vie w

! De hydratio n

" Carnallite me tho d (NH

4Cl)

! Carbo c hlo rinatio n

" CCl

4 @ T

= 750°C

! Me tal & o xide c o nte nt ve rifie d analytic ally ! Capac ity:

" Curre nt: 0.5 L (0.8 kg ) / batc h " E xpanding to 1.5 L / batc h

#$%&'()*+,+-$&+./'01$-&.*

Chlor ide salt pr epar ation

#.)*-12'03'43'5$617'8'9353':)*%16

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MSR Campaign Review

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Outline

! Co rro sio n testing metho ds ! Advanc ed material develo pment ! Graphite and SiC c o mpatibility ! Mo deling ! I rradiatio n ac c elerated c o rro sio n ! I nfrastruc ture develo pment and future plans

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MSR Campaign Re vie w

U nde rstanding ho w c o mme rc ial allo ys pe rfo rm in mo lte n c hlo ride s and fluo ride s

Alloy Ni F e Cr Mo

316H SS 10 68 17 3 Haste llo y N 71 4 7 16 Allo y 800H 33 45 20 Hayne s 230 57 !"#$% 22 2 I nc o ne l 600 75 7 15 Haste llo y C-276 61 4 22 9 Hayne s 242 57 5 16 16 Haste llo y N 71 16

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MSR Campaign Review

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Advanc e d mate rials

! New allo ys with enhanc ed pro perties

" I nc ludes H astello y-N variants

! Cladded materials

" Co rro sio n resistant materials c ladding jo ined to c o de -qualified struc tural materials

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MSR Campaign Review

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F usion We lding of Ni on 316H Stainle ss

! Nic ke l c ladding o n 316H ste e l ! T

• tal 12 passe s, 50% o ve rlay

! High quality arc we lding c ladding o f Ni o n 316H is re lative ly e asy to ac hie ve ! Multiple laye rs o f c ladding will be c arrie d o ut ne xt

" # $%& '(%%

Characterization

So urc e (Sam Sham)

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MSR Campaign Review

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Capsule te sting o f allo y-N variants and po te ntial c ladding mate rials

Raiman, (unpublishe d)

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MSR Campaign Review

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Me tallo graphy o f sample s

Cu plating M49 Alloy-N Damage layer 316L Damage layer M52

10 !m Raiman, (unpublishe d)

Cu plating Cu plating Cu plating Alloy Alloy Alloy Alloy

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MSR Campaign Review

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Outline

! Co rro sio n testing metho ds ! Advanc ed material develo pment ! Graphite and SiC c o mpatibility ! Mo deling ! I rradiatio n ac c elerated c o rro sio n ! I nfrastruc ture develo pment and future plans

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MSR Campaign Review

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Nuc le ar graphite re quire me nts

!

High pur ity: Neutro nic s (lo w B c o ntent), o xidatio n resistanc e

!

High de nsity: Greaterneutro n mo derato r c apac ity

!

High ir r adiation stability: L

• w dimensio nal c hanges

!

High the r mal c onduc tivity, high str e ngth, low e lastic modulus, low CT E

!

L

• w anisotr
• py: L

ess than 1.1 defined by ratio o f thermal expansio n

!

L

• w salt infiltr

ation

!

Small gr ain size / por e size : U ltrafine (<10 !m) / mic ro fine grains (<2 !m)

!

L

• w gas fission pr
• duc ts pe r

me ation

!

Che mic ally ine r t: lo w tritium and fluo rine c hemiso rptio n

!

E le c tr

• c he mic ally passive : need to minimize galvanic c o rro sio n o f metals/ allo ys in

the presenc e o f graphite

!

L

• w c ost

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MSR Campaign Review

L

• w wettability obser

ved on fine-gr ained gr aphite

! "#$%&'()*+,#-')(.'+'(+'&#/01'&2(-&'#3 ! 34($#54+(10)06&'()#&/(-43-'3/+#/043)(03(7+#%80/'()*+,#-')(#,/'+( +'$41037(,+4$(-#%)*&' ! "$#&&(9+4%)(4,()#&/(43()*+,#-'(:1'+2()$#&&(6+078/()%4/); ! <%%'#+()%8'+0-#&=(0390-#/037(&4.(.'//037=(&0$0/'9(#98')043(/4()*+,#-' !"#$%&'()$(*+,-& .$/(011(2$3/%(4)(51167

Galle go , e t al.

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MSR Campaign Review

Signific ant wetting obser ved on SiC sample exposed to F L iBe

!"#$%&'#() *+,,&'#() !"#$%&'()$(*+,-& .$/(011(2$3/%(4)(51167

Galle go , e t al.

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MSR Campaign Review MSR Campaign Review

Ne w pre ssure -ve sse l te sting apparatus with ante c hambe r

Cruc ible Gas inle t and

• utle t

Ball valve

F illed and sealed in glo vebo x

Alte rnate gas inle t Sample ho lde r

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MSR Campaign Review

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Outline

! Co rro sio n testing metho ds ! Advanc ed material develo pment ! Graphite and SiC c o mpatibility ! Mo deling ! I rradiatio n ac c elerated c o rro sio n ! I nfrastruc ture develo pment and future plans

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MSR Campaign Review

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De ve lo pme nt o f the rmo dynamic mo de ls

Basic mo de ls will be e xte nde d to inc lude the highly multic o mpo ne nt syste ms that ine vitably o c c ur with MSRs.

!"#$%&'()'*%+,+-.+%#)/"0/'0&.1&+"0)"2)!.!,3 +0) 4!,567!,3 -18'()"0 !.)9)67!,3 :,+*;)<)!.!,3 :,+*;)9)67):,+*; !"#$%&'()$=18')(+17.1#)2".)&=')454!, -+01.> ?8+07)&=')*%18+/='#+/1, #"(',) 6/6%..1>@)A1+#10@)!"#$%&'()%*+&:,-./0 6/6%..1>@):1(213#456)70

!.)9)!,3 B)!.!,3) 6 7 ) 9 ) ! ,

3

B ) 6 7 ! ,

3 )

6",&'0)81,&)C+&=) (+88",D'()!.

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MSR Campaign Review

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Mo de ling surfac e e ne rgy at the allo y-salt inte rfac e with de nsity func tio nal the o ry (DF T )

!""#$%%&'#

()*+,#- ,).&(#-

/01223 4256017

!"#$%&'&()#*+,-).#+/#0%())+1-,# %&23-)#&%#4(200* 5"#6+,-).#-78(%,-,#'+# &%2)0,-#())+1-,#29:+*&0*# ;: <"#=,.+:>-,#('+*.#(:-# &%2)0,-,# ;)?#@ 8)#490599

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MSR Campaign Review

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!"#$%&'()*%+,-.&'#/+)0 123456378 ! "#$%&'()*+,%-.&/0+1)$+2), ! 3#,+,&45-&*#%)-+#$&1)6)$57*)2% 39&%+:9+,-.&'#/+)0 17;!8 ! 821)-,%#21+2/&54& 1)/-#1#%+52& 7-5'),,), <*9#-.&'#/+)0 17=2!<38 ! 95*752)2%& $+4)%+*)& 7-)1+'%+52 17;!8 1)/-#1#%+52& 7-5'),,), 17=2!<38 7-)1+'%+52 :(.,+',;+245-*)1& '5--5,+52&$+4)%+*)& 7-)1+'%+52, !"#$%&'()*%+,-.&'#/+)0 123456378

Co rro sio n mo de ling frame wo rk

95*70%#%+52#$& 7(#,)&1+#/-#*& 1)6)$57*)2% 95--5,+52& 7-510'%& 1)75,+%+52& *51)$+2/ 95*7$)%)& 021)-,%#21+2/& 54&'5--5,+52&+2& <"=,

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MSR Campaign Review

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Outline

! Co rro sio n testing metho ds ! Advanc ed material develo pment ! Graphite and SiC c o mpatibility ! Mo deling ! I rradiatio n ac c elerated c o rro sio n ! I nfrastruc ture develo pment and future plans

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MSR Campaign Review

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I rradiatio n e ffe c t o n c o rro sio n

!"#$ %&'&"( )*+,&- .' /0#1 .'23,44"(,&- 5-1*'406,0# '*061,&-(

L ike ly no radio lysis e ffe c t in salt

Po ssible effec t o f radiatio n enhanc ed diffusio n

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MSR Campaign Review

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Capsule irradiatio n in OSU re ac to r

! K Cl-MgCl

2 salt

" “aggre ssive ” salt with ~1% o xide to e nsure me asurable c o rro sio n during sho rt e xpo sure " “c le an” salt with <30 ppm o xide to e nsure impurity e ffe c t do e sn’ t mask irradiatio n

Ir r adiated Unir r adiated Aggr essive salt

Allo y N 316 SS Allo y N 316 SS

Clean salt

Allo y N 316 SS Allo y N 316 SS

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MSR Campaign Review

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R eac tor inser tion

! Capsules irradiated fo r 21 ho urs at 800"C ! Currently awaiting examinatio n at ORNL ! Pro o f o f c o nc ept fo r future irradiatio ns

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MSR Campaign Review

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Outline

! Co rro sio n testing metho ds ! Advanc ed material develo pment ! Graphite and SiC c o mpatibility ! Mo deling ! I nfrastruc ture develo pment and future plans

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Re liable data o n mo lte n salt c o rro sio n?

Raiman, L e e , J. Nuc l. Mate r. (2018)

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MSR Campaign Review

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Data, data, data

! as a basis fo r salt c hemistry guidelines ! to guide material selec tio n and develo pment ! to validate mo dels

Co lle c te d data must be bo th ! U se ful ! Re pe atable

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MSR Campaign Re vie w

E ffo rts in pro gre ss to inc re ase e xpe rime ntal thro ughput

F urnac e banks de vo te d to c apsule te sting

MSR Campaign Re vie w

F ille d and se ale d in glo ve bo x Pre ssure ve sse l with ante c hambe r fo r high quality static e xpo sure s L

• ts o f high quality salt!

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MSR Campaign Review

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Summary

! Multi-fac eted pro gram to understand c o mpatibility o f struc tural allo ys and graphite with mo lten salts ! Co mputatio nal mo dels in develo pment ! I nfrastruc ture impro vements to allo w data generatio n with high reliability and high thro ughput ! I rradiatio n-c o rro sio n pro gram to understand c o mbined effec ts in MSR c o res

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F Y19 plans - summary

! Co ntinue e xpo sure s o f c o mme rc ial allo ys in F and Cl salts

" F ind e ffe c t o f te mpe rature " I mpurity e ffe c ts o n c o rro sio n (Re do x) " F issio n pro duc t e ffe c t

! Co rro sio n in flo wing salt

" T he rmal c o nve c tio n lo o ps

! Mo de l de ve lo pme nt

" Ato mistic mo de ling to find inte rfac e be havio r " T he rmo dynamic mo de ling to unde rstand salt c he mistry e ffe c t o n c o rro sio n

! Graphite infiltratio n ! Advanc e d mate rial studie s

" Advanc e d Ni supe rallo ys " Cladde d mate rials " Struc tural c e ramic s

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MSR Campaign Review

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Supple me ntary

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MSR Ca mpa ig n Re vie w

Gra phite s fo r MSR… “g ra ding ”

Gr a in size [!"# Por e size (um) De nsity Bille t size Pur ity Cost Countr y of

• r

ig in Ir r a dia - tion da ta

Ir r adiatio n lifetime

Isotr

• pic

Still ma nufa c - tur e d

AGC-Campaign

H-451 Me dium 5-100 1.71

SGL USA

L

• w do se

E xtrude d NBG-17 Me dium 8-30 1.86 L a rg e < 5 ppm $

SGL (Ge rma ny/ F ra nc e )

L

• w do se

Vib ro - mo lde d NBG-18 Me dium 5-50 1.87 L a rg e < 5 ppm $

SGL (Ge rma ny/ F ra nc e )

L

• w do se

Vib ro - mo lde d PCE A Me dium 5-100 1.79 L a rg e < 5 ppm $

Gra fT e c h (USA)

L

• w do se

E xtrude d I G-110 F ine < 100 <1 1.76 L a rg e < 5 ppm $

T

• yo (Ja pa n)

L

• w do se

I so -mo lde d I G-430

(dro ppe d)

F ine < 100 <1 1.80 L a rg e < 5 ppm $

T

• yo (Ja pa n)

L

• w do se

I so -mo lde d 2114

(a dde d)

F ine < 100 L a rg e < 5 ppm $

Me rse n (F ra nc e -USA)

L

• w do se

MSR E

CGB Me dium 1.86 Sma ll

Unio n Ca rb ide (USA)

E xtrude d

OT HE R fine gr ain gr aphite s

POCO- ZXF

• 5Q

Mic ro fine < 2 0.3 1.78 Sma ll < 5 ppm $$ USA L

• w do se

I so -pre ssing POCO- AXF

• 50

Ultra fine < 10 0.8 1.78 Sma ll < 5 ppm $$ USA L

• w do se

I so -pre ssing POCO-T M Ultra fine < 10 1.5 1.82 Sma ll < 5 ppm $$ USA F e w da ta I so -pre ssing G347A Ultra fine < 10 1.85 L a rg e < 5 ppm

T

• ka i (Ja pa n)

Hig h do se I so -pre ssing I GS743NH Supe rfine < 50 1.80 L a rg e

Nippo n (Ja pa n)

L

• w do se

I so -mo lde d I T U10 F ine < 100

I b ide n (Ja pa n? )

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E xpe rime nt T ype s

Cr uc ible Se ale d Capsule T he r mal L

• op

Pumpe d L

• op

Se ale d fro m c o ntaminants No Ye s Ye s Ye s Ac c e ss fo r instrume ntatio n Ye s No Ye s Ye s Ho t and c o ld se c tio ns No No Ye s Maybe Pre c ise flo w c o ntro l No No No Ye s