An Ove rvie w o f the Ma te ria l-Sa lt Co mpatibility Pro g ra m - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

An Ove rvie w o f the Ma te ria l-Sa lt Co mpatibility Pro g ra m a t ORNL Ste phe n Raiman with J. K e ise r, N. Galle g o , C. Co nte sc u, J. Mc Murray, A. Willo ug hby, J. Startt, J. Mc Duffe y, D. E ze ll-Bull, S. Sham, and o the rs ORNL is ma na g e d by UT -Ba tte lle , L L C fo r the US De pa rtme nt o f E ne rg y

Mate rials in mo lte n salts de grade by c hro mium de ple tio n !"!"#$%&'%(#)*(+*,-&./012 MSR Campaign Review 2 2 2

Stability o f Me tals in Chlo ride Salts Re do x Mo Cl c o nditio n 4 F e Cl 2 NiCl 2 CrCl 2 AlCl 3 MnCl 2 MgCl 2 NaCl CaCl 2 L iCl K Cl !"#"$%&%'(()*$+',-'./012345 MSR Campaign Re vie w 3 3 3

Chro mium re ac ts at salt-me tal inte rfac e , diffuse s o utward fro m bulk, and le ave s po ro us laye r &'('#) 01$2 "#$% *+,-'. ! Salt impuritie s re ac t with struc tural allo ys 6.2+(517-1$ (+172-'.) /(34-55#)-'. 2HF (d) + Cr(s) CrF 2 (d) + H 2 (d) ! Me tallic halide s /( Cr(s) + F e F 2 (d) CrF 2 (d) + F e (s) ! F ue l Cr(s) + 2U F 4 (d) CrF 2 (d) + 2U F 3 (d) Similar re ac tio ns in Cl salt, just re plac e F with Cl MSR Campaign Re vie w 4 4 4

Our o bje c tive is to unde rstand de gradatio n o f struc tural allo ys in mo lte n salts E nabling… ! Optimized c hemistry-material c ho ic es ! Ac c urate mo dels o f in-reac to r behavio r ! Develo pment o f advanc ed materials MSR Campaign Review 5 5 5

“Calibrating” ho w salt c he mistry affe c ts the life time o f salt-fac ing c o mpo ne nts 5*66*&1( 2",3"'#%4'" -./0"1 7'&84$%6 !"#$%&'()*+"%*," MSR Campaign Review 6 6 6

Outline ! Co rro sio n testing metho ds ! Advanc ed material develo pment ! Graphite and SiC c o mpatibility ! Mo deling ! I rradiatio n ac c elerated c o rro sio n ! I nfrastruc ture develo pment and future plans MSR Campaign Review 7 7 7

Capsule te sting !"#$%&'$()*&&'+(,*-.( /!&012!& 3 "4+( 56+'&(7*0!8("&&69$( )68(:;;<!(-'$-$ MSR Campaign Review 8 8 8

F lowing salt with a ther mal gr adient is r equir ed to ac c ur ately r epr oduc e MSR c onditions !"#$ !"#$ (") (") "#$ ! T %&' %&' emperature-dependent %&' %&' ()**+$,)-*.#,$ %&' equilibrium c o nstants drive mass transfer !" # $% & ' !"% ( /0**#12$0#- /&.#*0$0#- H o t le g: re ac tio n mo ve s to right (de allo ying) %03204 %03204 Co ld le g: re ac tio n mo ve s to le ft 5#-$)0-6&-$ 5#-$)0-6&-$ (de po sitio n) 78#2,9&:+;<+=&0*&,> MSR Campaign Review 9 9 9

T he r mal c onve c tion loops have be e n use d at ORNL sinc e the MSRE days ! Salt is intro duc ed at to p ! F lo w is driven by thermal gradient ! Co upo ns are "#$%&'( hung in bo th the )#&*%&'( ho t leg and c o ld leg +,$#-'.%/0123%% 4506)%7-89:%;)9 MSR Campaign Review 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

F luor ide salt pr e par ation ! Hydro fluo rinatio n pro c e ss ! Capac ity o f ~ 3.3 L (6.6 kg) pe r batc h ! Ability to pro duc e a varie ty o f salts inc luding fue l salts and F L iBe "#$%&'()*+),#-- MSR Campaign Re vie w 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

Chlor ide salt pr epar ation ! De hydratio n " Carnallite me tho d (NH 4 Cl) ! Carbo c hlo rinatio n " CCl 4 @ T = 750°C ! Me tal & o xide c o nte nt ve rifie d analytic ally ! Capac ity: " Curre nt: 0.5 L (0.8 kg ) / batc h " E xpanding to 1.5 L / batc h #$%&'()*+,+-$&+./'01$-&.* #.)*-12'03'43'5$617'8'9353':)*%16 MSR Campaign Re vie w 12 12 12

Outline ! Co rro sio n testing metho ds ! Advanc ed material develo pment ! Graphite and SiC c o mpatibility ! Mo deling ! I rradiatio n ac c elerated c o rro sio n ! I nfrastruc ture develo pment and future plans MSR Campaign Review 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

U nde rstanding ho w c o mme rc ial allo ys pe rfo rm in mo lte n c hlo ride s and fluo ride s Alloy Ni F e Cr Mo 316H SS 10 68 17 3 Haste llo y N Haste llo y N 71 71 4 7 16 16 Allo y 800H 33 45 20 0 !"#$% Hayne s 230 57 22 2 I nc o ne l 600 75 7 15 0 Haste llo y C-276 61 4 22 9 Hayne s 242 57 5 16 16 MSR Campaign Re vie w 14 14 14

Advanc e d mate rials ! New allo ys with enhanc ed pro perties " I nc ludes H astello y-N variants ! Cladded materials " Co rro sio n resistant materials c ladding jo ined to c o de -qualified struc tural materials MSR Campaign Review 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

F usion We lding of Ni on 316H Stainle ss ! Nic ke l c ladding o n 316H ste e l ! T o tal 12 passe s, 50% o ve rlay ! High quality arc we lding c ladding o f Ni o n 316H is re lative ly e asy to ac hie ve ! Multiple laye rs o f c ladding will be c arrie d o ut ne xt " $ %& '(%% Characterization # So urc e (Sam Sham) MSR Campaign Review 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16

Capsule te sting o f allo y-N variants and po te ntial c ladding mate rials Raiman, ( unpublishe d) MSR Campaign Review 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17

Me tallo graphy o f sample s Damage layer Cu plating Cu plating Alloy Alloy-N M49 Alloy 10 ! m Damage layer Cu plating Cu plating M52 316L Alloy Alloy Raiman, ( unpublishe d) MSR Campaign Review 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

Outline ! Co rro sio n testing metho ds ! Advanc ed material develo pment ! Graphite and SiC c o mpatibility ! Mo deling ! I rradiatio n ac c elerated c o rro sio n ! I nfrastruc ture develo pment and future plans MSR Campaign Review 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19

Nuc le ar graphite re quire me nts ! ity: Neutro nic s (lo w B c o ntent), o xidatio n resistanc e High pur ! High de nsity: Greater neutro n mo derato r c apac ity ! adiation stability: L o w dimensio nal c hanges High ir r ! High the r mal c onduc tivity, high str e ngth, low e lastic modulus, low CT E ! opy: L ess than 1.1 defined by ratio o f thermal expansio n L ow anisotr ! L ow salt infiltr ation ! ltrafine (<10 ! m) / mic ro fine grains (<2 ! m) e size : U Small gr ain size / por ! L ow gas fission pr oduc ts pe r me ation ! t: lo w tritium and fluo rine c hemiso rptio n Che mic ally ine r ! oc he mic ally passive : need to minimize galvanic c o rro sio n o f metals/ allo ys in E le c tr the presenc e o f graphite ! L ow c ost MSR Campaign Review 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

L ow wettability obser ved on fine-gr ained gr aphite ! "#$%&'()*+,#-')(.'+'(+'&#/01'&2(-&'#3 ! 34($#54+(10)06&'()#&/(-43-'3/+#/043)(03(7+#%80/'()*+,#-')(#,/'+( +'$41037(,+4$(-#%)*&' ! "$#&&(9+4%)(4,()#&/(43()*+,#-'(:1'+2()$#&&(6+078/()%4/); ! <%%'#+()%8'+0-#&=(0390-#/037(&4.(.'//037=(&0$0/'9(#98')043(/4()*+,#-' Galle go , e t al. !"#$%&'()$(*+,-& .$/(011(2$3/%(4)(51167 MSR Campaign Review 21 21 21

Signific ant wetting obser ved on SiC sample exposed to F L iBe !"#$%&'#() *+,,&'#() !"#$%&'()$(*+,-& .$/(011(2$3/%(4)(51167 Galle go , e t al. MSR Campaign Review 22 22 22

Ne w pre ssure -ve sse l te sting apparatus with ante c hambe r Alte rnate gas inle t Ball valve Gas inle t and o utle t F illed and sealed in Sample ho lde r glo vebo x Cruc ible MSR Campaign Review MSR Campaign Review 23 23 23

Outline ! Co rro sio n testing metho ds ! Advanc ed material develo pment ! Graphite and SiC c o mpatibility ! Mo deling ! I rradiatio n ac c elerated c o rro sio n ! I nfrastruc ture develo pment and future plans MSR Campaign Review 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24

De ve lo pme nt o f the rmo dynamic mo de ls !"#$%&'()'*%+,+-.+%#)/"0/'0&.1&+"0)"2)!.!, 3 +0) !"#$%&'()$=18')(+17.1#)2".)&=')454!, -+01.> 4!,567!, 3 -18'()"0 ?8+07)&=')*%18+/='#+/1, #"(',) !.)9)67!, 3 :,+*;)<)!.!, 3 :,+*;)9)67):,+*; !.)9)!, 3 B)!.!, 3) 6",&'0)81,&)C+&=) (+88",D'()!. ! , 7 6 B ) ! , 9 ) 3 ) 7 ) 6 3 6/6%..1>@)A1+#10@) !"#$%&'()%*+& : ,-./0 6/6%..1>@): 1(213#456)70 Basic mo de ls will be e xte nde d to inc lude the highly multic o mpo ne nt syste ms that ine vitably o c c ur with MSRs. MSR Campaign Review 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

Mo de ling surfac e e ne rgy at the allo y-salt inte rfac e with de nsity func tio nal the o ry (DF T ) !"#$%&'&()#*+,-).#+/#0%())+1-,# 5"#6+,-).#-78(%,-,#'+# %&23-)#&%#4(200* &%2)0,-#())+1-,#29:+*&0*# /01223 ;: 4256017 !""#$%%&'# <"#=,.+:>-,#('+*.#(:-# &%2)0,-,# ;)?#@ ,).&(#- ()*+,#- 8)#490599 MSR Campaign Review 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26