An Energy Storage Company September, 2006 Energy Storage & - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
an energy storage company september 2006
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

An Energy Storage Company September, 2006 Energy Storage & - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 07, 2023 19 likes •334 views

-1- An Energy Storage Company September, 2006 Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions -2- Forward Looking Statements Certain statements contained in this presentation which are not historical in nature, including any projections,

slide-1
SLIDE 1
  • 1-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

An Energy Storage Company September, 2006

slide-2
SLIDE 2
  • 2-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Forward Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in this presentation which are not historical in nature, including any projections, forecasts, predictions or statements which may contain words such as “will,” “may,” “could,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “expect” or other words of similar meaning are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect management’s current views with respect to future events, are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions as of the date listed, and are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risk factors listed in our Annual Information Form filed with the British Columbia Securities Commission and available at www.sedar.com VRB Power does not assume any obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements made in this presentation to reflect events or changes in circumstances that occur after the date posted. Such contents are not to be used in connection with investment decisions and should never be construed as investment advice. Readers should perform a detailed, independent investigation and analysis of VRB Power before any investment decision is made and are encouraged to seek independent professional advice. VRB Power Systems

  • Inc. will not be responsible for any loss or damage arising from the use of information in this
slide-3
SLIDE 3
  • 3-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

About VRB Power Systems inc.

  • Headquartered in Vancouver, Canada, VRB Power Systems Inc. is an energy storage

technology developer which is marketing, selling and manufacturing products utilizing the patented VRB Energy Storage System (“VRB-ESS™”). The VRB-ESS can economically store and supply large amounts of electricity on demand and is focused

  • n stationary applications. It is a long life, cost effective, low maintenance, efficient

technology that allows for the scalability of power and storage capacity independently. The VRB-ESS is particularly beneficial to renewable energy providers, utilities and end users through its ability to “inventory” electricity, allowing for the optimal match of supply and demand.

  • The VRB-ESS is well suited for a variety of applications. Enabling the provision of “firm”

capacity from intermittent renewable generation such as wind and solar; more cost effective and efficient generation of electricity in remote areas; capital deferral for utilities; and load levelling (peak shaving) applications. The VRB-ESS is also capable

  • f providing backup power solutions including applications for utility sub-stations and

telecommunication sites.

  • The VRB-ESS is characterized by having the lowest ecological impact of all energy

storage technologies and is unlike most other conventional energy storage systems that rely on substances such as lead or cadmium.

slide-4
SLIDE 4
  • 4-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

VRB Flow Battery Technology

A vanadium based liquid electrolyte that is separate from the electrode.

  • An electrochemical energy storage system utilizing a

vanadium based electrolyte operating at ambient temperatures

  • Reversible fuel cell – reduction and oxidation of single

unique element: Vanadium

  • No cross contamination as with other storage systems.

Electrolyte never wears out – high residual value

  • Very low maintenance
  • Deep cycles (20 to 80%) >10,000
  • Low self discharge – indefinite energy storage
  • Energy can be recovered instantaneously
  • Battery can recharge as fast as it discharges (1:1)
  • Power and Energy separately scaleable

Charge Discharge

V 4+ ⇒ V 5+ + e - V 3+ + e- ⇒ V 2+

Reduction process Oxidation process

V 5+ + e - ⇒ V 4+ V 2+ ⇒ V 3+ + e-

slide-5
SLIDE 5
  • 5-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

What is Vanadium?

Vanadium is a silverish transition metal (the valence electrons exist in more than one shell). In normal states, vanadium atoms have 23 protons, 23 electrons, and 28 neutrons.

Nucleus

Vanadium is found world-wide in mineral form, tar sands, fly ash, oil fields. Vanadium is primarily used as an additive to iron, steel, titanium to add strength, improve durability, resist wear and

  • temperature. Hiveld Steel & Vanadium is

the worlds largest producer of Vanadium and our strategic partner through exclusive supply Agreement.

Vanadium is the 23rd element in the periodic table

23 P 28 N

Electron shells

slide-6
SLIDE 6
  • 6-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Loads Energy sources Converter (PCS) PLC/HMI system

Electrolyte storage Cell Stack Multiple outputs

VRB-ESS Components

slide-7
SLIDE 7
  • 7-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Technical Advantages of VRB-ESS

  • High-energy efficiencies of 75% in large installations.
  • Remains fully charged with low self-discharge, almost indefinitely.
  • Storage capacity can be easily increased by changing the tanks and

volumes of electrolyte.

  • Cross mixing of electrolytes does not lead to the contamination of

electrolytes.

  • Designed for unattended operation with very low maintenance costs

($0.001/kWh).

  • Ambient/Low operating temperature.
  • Can be discharged and charged >10,000 times without need for

membrane replacement.

  • Integrated sophisticated multi-quadrant, fast acting PCS provides

reactive energy (VARs) continuously.

slide-8
SLIDE 8
  • 8-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

400 500 600 700 800 900 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

Charge /discharge time (hr)

Battery potential (V)

  • 400
  • 300
  • 200
  • 100

100 200 300 400 Battery current (A)

Battery potential Battery current

Elelctrolyte Temp: 38-41 C

Charge Discharge Curves for VRB-ESS

Charge Discharge Charge Charge Discharge Discharge

slide-9
SLIDE 9
  • 9-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

  • No heavy metals such as lead, nickel, zinc and cadmium
  • No Halides – Kyoto Accord
  • A life-cycle assessment approach of the environmental impact of both

Vanadium Redox and lead-acid batteries for use in stationary applications, indicates that the Vanadium Redox Battery contributes between 7-25% of emissions of key environmental impact components (CO2, SO2, CO, CH4, NOx) during its life cycle, when compared with lead-acid batteries.

  • The system can be recharged at high rates in a fraction of the time

needed for the lead-acid battery. Has a charge/discharge window of 1:1 with deep discharge capability which is ideal for wind generation applications.

  • Electrolytes used in the VRB-ESS™ have indefinite life

– No disposal issues – Completely reusable

Environmental Advantages

slide-10
SLIDE 10
  • 10-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Hours 4 6 8 10 kW 50 11 16 21 26 100 21 32 42 53 200 46 46 46 57 500 60 90 120 149 1,000 120 179 239 272 2,500 272 408 414 518 10,000 622 933 995 1291 VRB-ESS™ Footprint in Square Meters

slide-11
SLIDE 11
  • 11-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Current Status of VRB Technology

  • Current Focus is Vanadium based VRB ESS

– 5KW to 10MW - up to 12 hours duration and beyond – Fully scalable for multiple applications

  • Scaleable power in 5kW or 50kW increments
  • Scaleable storage by adding additional electrolyte

– Ownership* of world-wide patents

  • Strong portfolio from Pinnacle / Sumitomo acquisitions
  • Continue to strengthen patent portfolio
  • Application patents filed – wind, diesel, telecoms
  • Regenesys Energy Storage Systems

– 10MW to 100 MW - up to 10 hours duration – Polysulfide Bromine Based – Exclusive license to world-wide patents – Acquired key assets and manufacturing know-how

* Excluding Australia.

slide-12
SLIDE 12
  • 12-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

VRB Products – Large Systems

  • Engineered to fit – customized to customer needs
  • Power scaled in increments of 50 kW
  • Storage scaled by adding electrolyte
  • Multiple Markets, including Renewable Energy, RAPS, Capital Deferral, Peak Shaving
  • Additional Markets as costs lower / energy prices increase

– Including Arbitrage and Load Leveling

slide-13
SLIDE 13
  • 13-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Castle Valley - Utah

  • 250 kW x 8 hour VRB-ESS Grid Enhancement Project PacifiCorp, Castle Valley, Utah
  • 3 years successful operation – 98.7% availability
  • Avoided Capex of US$4m / Ability to “Peak Shave” – Payback 3-4 years
  • Capital Deferral Market est. US$1 billion annually
slide-14
SLIDE 14
  • 14-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Castle Valley - Cell Stacks, Piping, Pumps and Valves

slide-15
SLIDE 15
  • 15-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Energy Storage (300kW) Support of Feeder Load

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Hour of Day Feeder Load (kW)

Feeder Capacity Limit Normal Load Feeder Load with Energy Storage Discharging Feeder Load with Energy Storage Charging

Castle Valley, Utah

slide-16
SLIDE 16
  • 16-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

King Island - Australia

  • 250 kW x 4 hour VRB-ESS Islanded Wind-Diesel Installation King Island, Australia
  • 4 year Payback based on reduced fuel / maintenance – 46% reduction in emissions
  • Wind-Diesel Storage Markets est. US$500 million + annually
slide-17
SLIDE 17
  • 17-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Sapporo - Japan

  • 4MW x 1.5 hour VRB-ESS Grid-Coupled Wind Smoothing Sapporo, Japan
  • One of several VRB-ESS installations in Japan
  • Storage with Wind potentially in excess of US$1 billion annually
slide-18
SLIDE 18
  • 18-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

8:00:00 10:00:00 12:00:00 14:00:00 16:00:00

  • The VRB-ESS (blue line) runs continuously to smooth wind farm production (green line)
  • At only 20% of the wind-farm’s nameplate capacity, the VRB ESS has a significant

smoothing effect to total wind-farm + battery output (red line)

  • The VRB-ESS intelligently recharges throughout the day so that it maintains 50% SOC

Daily Wind Output Smoothing - Sapporo, Japan

slide-19
SLIDE 19
  • 19-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Ireland – Sorne Hill – 32MW Wind Farm

  • 1.5 MW x 8hr (12MWH) VRB-ESS to be installed Fall, 2007
  • Will be coupled to Phase II at Sorne – 6.9MW
slide-20
SLIDE 20
  • 20-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Key Drivers for Adoption of VRB Technology

  • Strong value proposition / price competitive in chosen markets
  • Continued cost reductions as we move into volume production
  • Sustained price rises in electricity and fossil fuels
  • Best environmental footprint of any storage technology
  • Proven technology, long life and other key operational benefits

U.S. Electricity Price & Capacity Margin

5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Electricity Price (cents US/kWh) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Fuel Cost (cents US/ MM Btu) Commercial Price Residential Price Coal NG Petroleum

slide-21
SLIDE 21
  • 21-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Key Drivers – Adoption of wind / other renewables

  • Growth in renewables driven by price rises in fossil fuels, the drive for self-

sufficiency and tougher emissions standards e.g. Kyoto

  • Intermittency becomes a problem at 10% renewable penetration - Germany,

Spain, Denmark, Japan etc. are already beyond

  • Storage is the solution and also captures all energy whether peak or off peak

Wind Power Existing World Capacity, 1990 – 2005 (GW)

slide-22
SLIDE 22
  • 22-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Single line for VRB-ESS™ RAPS application

Local loads

Distribution grid

  • r utility

gensets - 2x 500kW VRB/ESS - 650 to 700kW 4 hours

n/c 1 2

DC

= ~ ~

Potential Wind turbine (s) 480V bus Step up transformer

2 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 4 2 4 8 10 6 Time of day [Hrs] Conventional Genset Average Power [kW] Power [%] 100 80 60 20 40

slide-23
SLIDE 23
  • 23-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Fuel consumption in Litres per kWh as a % of Full load -

(reference CAT 3516) 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 100.00% 75.00% 50.00% 25.00% 10.00%

Diesel Engine Fuel Usage as a % of Full Load

Without VRB-ESS With VRB-ESS

slide-24
SLIDE 24
  • 24-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

NREL and HOMER - Wind Diesel Storage

It turns out that HOMER chooses the flow battery for almost all the scenarios in which it chooses wind turbines 10,000 users worldwide

slide-25
SLIDE 25
  • 25-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

VRB Power - Telecoms Back-Up Power

  • World-wide market in excess of US $1 billion annually

– 200,000 cellular phone towers in N.A. / 120,000 cellular phone towers in EU

  • 3.5 to 15kW
  • Long duration storage independent of power –scaleable up to 48 hours
  • Long Life Expectancy (10+ years)
  • No degradation on deep cycling
  • No refuelling costs
  • Low maintenance
  • High efficiency (approx. 75%)
  • Always on – no bridging power

needed - SOC always known

  • Closed loop no emissions
  • No disposal issues
  • No heavy metals
slide-26
SLIDE 26
  • 26-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Lead Acid Battery 5KW – 4hrs 25% Discharge Ideal 75% “unusable” VRB Flow Battery 5KW – 4hrs 100% Discharge Capability Life Span – 3-4 years Charge Rate – 5:1 Enviro Rating – Poor Scalability – 1W to 500kW Life Span – 10+ years Charge Rate – 1:1 Enviro Rating – Excellent Scalability – 3.5kW to 10 MW Environmentally Friendly

  • No heavy Metals
  • Indefinite Life

VRB Flow Battery Advantages vs. Lead Acid

slide-27
SLIDE 27
  • 27-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000

$ Initial cost 5years 10years

Backup Power: Why use the VRB power system

Battery VRB Power system

slide-28
SLIDE 28
  • 28-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Other Competing Technologies

  • Sodium Sulphur (NAS) – Potential large system competitor

– Pricing is subsidized in Japan – Can only scale in 3.5 hour increments – cells not a flow battery – Runs at very high temperatures – also impacts efficiency – Limited to 3,000 cycles – cannot partially cycle (not good for wind)

  • Zinc Bromine (ZBB, Premium Power) – Potential large system competitor

– Early stage / not proven – Cross contamination issues – limited life, lower efficiency – Issues with Bromine

  • Hydrogen Storage Systems – Potential large system competitor

– More expensive / hydrogen fuelling issues – Very low efficiency

  • Lithium Ion – Potential competitor for Telecom back-up

– Much more expensive / technology not yet accepted in larger applications – Limited to 3000 cycles at 80% DOD

  • Fuel Cells – Potential competitor for Telecom back-up

– Much more expensive then VRB-ESS with limited life – Requires hydrogen fuelling – complicated and expensive

slide-29
SLIDE 29
  • 29-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

VRB Power Manufacturing Facility - Richmond, B.C.

slide-30
SLIDE 30
  • 30-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Manufacturing: Multiple products from a single platform

Process Process -

  • Integrated

Integrated Assembly Facility 5kW Cell Stacks Telecom Solar RAPS 50kW Cell Stacks Large Scale Storage

Energy storage with UPS and stability enhancements.

Core Components – Common to All Products

  • Membrane
  • Felt
  • Electrolyte
  • Bipole

RISK Reduction

slide-31
SLIDE 31
  • 31-

Energy Storage & Power Quality Solutions

Sales / Customers

  • Tapbury Management – 1.5MW x 8hr VRB-ESS for Irish wind farm
  • PacifiCorp – 250kW x 8hr VRB-ESS (3 years of successful operation)
  • Pinnacle - 1MWH and 3 x 10kWh VRB-ESS for RAPS applications in Australia
  • Magnetek – Letter of Intent for Eighty, 5kW VRB-ESS systems
  • Risø – 15kW x 8hr (120kWh) VRB-ESS, Danish wind applications
  • Eskom – 10kWh VRB-ESS, back-up for substation of major South African utility
  • Solon AG – 10kWh VRB-ESS, solar applications in Germany
  • University of Alaska – 10kWh VRB-ESS, assessment in RAPS applications
  • South Carolina Air National Guard – 30 / 60 kW x 2hr VRB-ESS, back-up power
  • National Research Council Of Canada – 10kWh VRB-ESS, RAPS