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An Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales Using Proppian Content Descriptors ECAI 2010 workshop on: Language Technology for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, and Humanities Thierry Declerck, Antonia Scheidel Piroska Lendvai Motivation

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Piroska Lendvai

An Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales Using Proppian Content Descriptors

ECAI 2010 workshop on: Language Technology for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, and Humanities Thierry Declerck, Antonia Scheidel

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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Motivation

Background

Projects CLARIN, D-SPIN aim to provide an integrated and interoperable research infrastructure of language resources and LT to support eHumanities (among others)

So why start with fairy tales?

  • Large, high-quality corpora (Gutenberg project,

Afánas'ev collection of Russian folktales, ...)

  • Possibilities for comparison of fairy tales across

cultures and languages

  • Structure has been studied extensively
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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

What makes a Fairy Tale?

  • 1. The Villain
  • 2. The Princess (and Her Father)
  • 3. The Dispatcher
  • 4. The Hero
  • 5. The Donor
  • 6. The (magical) Helper
  • 7. The False Hero
  • 1. The Cast: 7 Archetypes
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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

What makes a Fairy Tale?

  • 1. The Cast: 7 Archetypes

Vladimir Propp, 1895-1970

  • 1. The Villain
  • 2. The Princess (and Her Father)
  • 3. The Dispatcher
  • 4. The Hero
  • 5. The Donor
  • 6. The (magical) Helper
  • 7. The False Hero

Morphology of the Folktale

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SLIDE 5

27 4 19 23 28 1 5 16 20 24 29 2 6 8 10 12 14 17 21 25 30 3 7 9 11 13 15 18 22 26 31

α Initial Situation δ Interdict. violated O Arrival in Disguise L False Claims M Difficult Task N Solution Q Hero recognized Ex Impostor exposed T Trans- figuration U Punish- ment W Wedding β Absen- tation γ Inter- diction ε Info. sought ζ Info.

  • btained

η Trickery θ Fall for Trick A Villainy / Lack B Mediation C Counter- action ⬆ Hero departs D Test E Pass Test F Magical Helper G Guidance H Struggle I Victory K Lack is liquidated J Branding ⬇ Hero returns Pr Pursuit Rs Rescue

Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

What makes a Fairy Tale?

  • 2. The Story: 31 Functions

Struggle + Return Complication Preparation Donors Dénouement

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SLIDE 6

27 4 19 23 28 1 5 16 20 24 29 2 6 8 10 12 14 17 21 25 30 3 7 9 11 13 15 18 22 26 31

α Initial Situation δ Interdict. violated O Arrival in Disguise L False Claims M Difficult Task N Solution Q Hero recognized Ex Impostor exposed T Trans- figuration U Punish- ment W Wedding β Absen- tation γ Inter- diction ε Info. sought ζ Info.

  • btained

η Trickery θ Fall for Trick A Villainy / Lack B Mediation C Counter- action ⬆ Hero departs D Test E Pass Test F Magical Helper G Guidance H Struggle I Victory K Lack is liquidated J Branding ⬇ Hero returns Pr Pursuit Rs Rescue

Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Example 1: Little Red Riding Hood

Scheme: αγδ [εζ]³ [ηθ]³ ABC IK ExU

The better to eat you with, my dear!

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27 4 19 23 28 1 5 16 20 24 29 2 6 8 10 12 14 17 21 25 30 3 7 9 11 13 15 18 22 26 31

α Initial Situation δ Interdict. violated O Arrival in Disguise L False Claims M Difficult Task N Solution Q Hero recognized Ex Impostor exposed T Trans- figuration U Punish- ment W Wedding β Absen- tation γ Inter- diction ε Info. sought ζ Info.

  • btained

η Trickery θ Fall for Trick A Villainy / Lack B Mediation C Counter- action ⬆ Hero departs D Test E Pass Test F Magical Helper G Guidance H Struggle I Victory K Lack is liquidated J Branding ⬇ Hero returns Pr Pursuit Rs Rescue O Arrival in Disguise L False Claims M Difficult Task N Solution Q Hero recognized Ex Impostor exposed T Trans- figuration U Punish- ment W Wedding D Test E Pass Test F Magical Helper G Guidance H Struggle I Victory K Lack is liquidated J Branding ⬇ Hero returns Pr Pursuit Rs Rescue

αγβδ ABC↑ [D¬E¬F]³ G DEF HK↓ [PrDEF = Rs]³

Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Example 2: The Magic Swan-Geese

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27 4 19 23 28 1 5 16 20 24 29 2 6 8 10 12 14 17 21 25 30 3 7 9 11 13 15 18 22 26 31

α Initial Situation δ Interdict. violated O Arrival in Disguise L False Claims M Difficult Task N Solution Q Hero recognized Ex Impostor exposed T Trans- figuration U Punish- ment W Wedding β Absen- tation γ Inter- diction ε Info. sought ζ Info.

  • btained

η Trickery θ Fall for Trick A Villainy / Lack B Mediation C Counter- action ⬆ Hero departs D Test E Pass Test F Magical Helper G Guidance H Struggle I Victory K Lack is liquidated J Branding ⬇ Hero returns Pr Pursuit Rs Rescue O Arrival in Disguise L False Claims M Difficult Task N Solution Q Hero recognized Ex Impostor exposed T Trans- figuration U Punish- ment W Wedding C Counter- action ⬆ Hero departs D Test E Pass Test F Magical Helper G Guidance H Struggle I Victory K Lack is liquidated J Branding ⬇ Hero returns Pr Pursuit Rs Rescue

Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Example 2: The Magic Swan-Geese

αγβδ ABC↑ [D¬E¬F]³ G DEF HK↓ [PrDEF = Rs]³

Once upon a time a man and a woman lived with their daughter and small son. "Dearest daughter," said the mother, "we are going to work. Look after your brother! Don't go

  • ut into the yard, be a good girl,

and we'll buy you a handkerchief."

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SLIDE 9

27 4 19 23 28 1 5 16 20 24 29 2 6 8 10 12 14 17 21 25 30 3 7 9 11 13 15 18 22 26 31

α Initial Situation δ Interdict. violated O Arrival in Disguise L False Claims M Difficult Task N Solution Q Hero recognized Ex Impostor exposed T Trans- figuration U Punish- ment W Wedding β Absen- tation γ Inter- diction ε Info. sought ζ Info.

  • btained

η Trickery θ Fall for Trick A Villainy / Lack B Mediation C Counter- action ⬆ Hero departs D Test E Pass Test F Magical Helper G Guidance H Struggle I Victory K Lack is liquidated J Branding ⬇ Hero returns Pr Pursuit Rs Rescue

Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Example 2: The Magic Swan-Geese

αγβδ ABC↑ [D¬E¬F]³ G DEF HK↓ [PrDEF = Rs]³

Once upon a time a man and a woman lived with their daughter and small son. "Dearest daughter," said the mother, "we are going to work. Look after your brother! Don't go

  • ut into the yard, be a good girl,

and we'll buy you a handkerchief."

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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

A Two-Part Problem

Our aim is to annotate fairy tales (semi)automatically.

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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

A Two-Part Problem

Our aim is to annotate fairy tales (semi)automatically. How?

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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

A Two-Part Problem

Our aim is to annotate fairy tales (semi)automatically. How? Using what exactly?

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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

A Two-Part Problem

Our aim is to annotate fairy tales (semi)automatically. How? Using what exactly? Annotation Schema Strategy

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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Annotation Schemes for Fairy Tales

1: PftML (Proppian fairy tale Markup Language)

  • Developed by Scott A. Malec
  • Faithful to the 31 functions
  • Inline XML annotation

(paragraph / sentence-wise)

Drawbacks:

  • Not very flexible
  • Coarse-grained
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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Annotation Schemes for Fairy Tales

1: PftML (Proppian fairy tale Markup Language)

  • Developed by Scott A. Malec
  • Faithful to the 31 functions
  • Inline XML annotation

(paragraph / sentence-wise)

Drawbacks:

  • Not very flexible
  • Coarse-grained
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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

A Closer Look at a Proppian Function

β Absentation

1

Subfunctions: β¹: Absentation of Elders β²: Death of Parents β³: Absentation of Youth "Frame":

  • Performer of absentation
  • Form of absentation
  • Motivation
  • cf. FrameNet: Fillmore and Baker, A Frame Approach to Semantic Analysis (2010)
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Proppian "frames"

31 functions

7 characters

Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Sources for PftML

Morphology

  • f the Folktale

PftML

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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Annotation Schemes for Fairy Tales

2: Our Approach: APftML (Augmented PftML)

  • First "Propp complete" annotation scheme
  • Will allow semi-automatic annotation of fairy tales

Prototype will be presented at

  • CLARIN/DARIAH conference (Oct. 19-20, Vienna)
  • and AMICUS workshop (Oct. 21, Vienna)
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Proppian "frames"

31 functions

7 characters

Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

"Propp complete"?

Morphology

  • f the Folktale

PftML APftML

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SLIDE 20

TEI D-SPIN

Proppian "frames"

31 functions

7 characters

Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Sources for APftML

Morphology

  • f the Folktale

PftML APftML

annotation standard pipeline for linguistic annotation

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TEI D-SPIN

Proppian "frames"

31 functions

7 characters

Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Sources for APftML

Morphology

  • f the Folktale

PftML APftML

sophisticated linking/ referring infrastructure Tokens Morphology POS Constituency Dependency

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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Annotation of The Magic Swan-Geese

The parents went

  • ff to work, and

the daughter soon enough forgot what they had told her.

  • 1. Keep Track of Characters

man father woman mother

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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Annotation of The Magic Swan-Geese

The parents went

  • ff to work, and

the daughter soon enough forgot what they had told her.

  • 1. Keep Track of Characters

girl daughter

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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Annotation of The Magic Swan-Geese

She put her little brother on the grass under a window and ran into the yard, where she played and got completely carried away having fun.

Violation of Interdiction Interdiction violated Person performing Motivation

Don't go out into the yard

  • 2. Keep Track of Functions & "Frames"
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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Annotation of The Magic Swan-Geese

She put her little brother on the grass under a window and ran into the yard, where she played and got completely carried away having fun.

Violation of Interdiction Interdiction violated Person performing Motivation

  • 2. Keep Track of Functions & "Frames"

Don't go out into the yard

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SLIDE 26

Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Annotation of The Magic Swan-Geese

She put her little brother on the grass under a window and ran into the yard, where she played and got completely carried away having fun.

Violation of Interdiction Interdiction violated Person performing Motivation

  • 2. Keep Track of Functions & "Frames"

Don't go out into the yard

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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Ongoing Work

  • Integration with linguistic and semantic resources

(Wiktionary, TEI annotation infrastructure for narratives, WordNet, FrameNet, ProppOnto ontology)

  • Implementation of coreference resolution
  • Multilingual processing, using multilingual resources
  • Extend ProppOnto with a linguistic model for
  • ntology labels, within project MONNET

(Multilingual Ontologies for Networked Knowledge)

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Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

...and they lived happily ever after.

Thank you for your attention!

Time for your questions.

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This work has been partially funded by the projects CLARIN & D-SPIN: Annotation of Fairy Tales, see http://www.clarin.eu/external/ and http://weblicht.sfs.uni-tuebingen.de/ MONNET: Multilingual Ontologies, see http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/language- technologies/project-monnet_en.html

Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

Acknowledgements

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Introduction: Vladimir A. Propp: Morphology of the Folktale (1968) PftML: Scott A. Malec's notes on the development of PftML: http://clover.slavic.pitt.edu/sam/propp/theory/propp.html (2002) ProppOnto: Federico Peinado, Pablo Gervás, Belén Díaz-Agudo: A Description Logic Ontology for Fairy T ale Generation (2010) TEI: The Text Encoding Initiative: http://www.tei-c.org/

Proppian Content Descriptors in an Augmented Annotation Schema for Fairy Tales

References