An An Experi rime mental l Study y of Home me Gatewa way y - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

an an experi rime mental l study y of home me gatewa way
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An An Experi rime mental l Study y of Home me Gatewa way y - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

An An Experi rime mental l Study y of Home me Gatewa way y Ch Chara ract cteri rist stics cs Seppo Seppo Htnen Htnen Universi rsity y of Helsi lsinki Ak Aki Nyrh yrhinen Universi rsity y of Helsi lsinki Lars


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SLIDE 1

Nokia Research Center

An An Experi rime mental l Study y

  • f Home

me Gatewa way y Ch Chara ract cteri rist stics cs

Seppo Seppo Hätönen Hätönen Universi rsity y of Helsi lsinki Ak Aki Nyrh yrhinen Universi rsity y of Helsi lsinki Lars rs Eggert rt Nokia Resea search rch Ce Center r Stephen Stephen Stro rowe wes Universi rsity y of Gla lasg sgow w Pasi si Saro rola lahti HIIT HIIT Mark rkku Kojo Kojo Universi rsity y of Helsi lsinki

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SLIDE 2

Nokia Research Center

Motivation Motivation

  • CPE boxes (“home gateways”) are everywhere
  • their characteristics and behaviors vary widely
  • they control the quality and performance of consumer Internet access
  • most “standards” are about the control plane – but the data plane counts
  • very few studies of home gateway behavior are (publicly) available
  • just lots of second-hand hear-say

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SLIDE 3

Nokia Research Center

Ap Appro roach ch

Measure

  • run tests
  • collect data

Analyze

  • process data
  • scratch head

Publicize

  • write paper
  • give talks

Feedback

  • methods
  • other tests

Setup

  • collect devices
  • design tests

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You are here This is next

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SLIDE 4

Nokia Research Center

Setup: : Device ce Co Colle llect ction

  • HU and Nokia bought 20 devices to

seed the testbed

  • another 14 were donated
  • 34 devices tested in total
  • follow-up studies planned; many

more donations in the meantime

  • talk to me if you have a spare box!

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SLIDE 5

Nokia Research Center

Setup: : Test stbed

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SLIDE 6

Nokia Research Center

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Test sts s & Resu sult lts s

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SLIDE 7

Nokia Research Center

UDP Binding Time meouts s

  • measures NAT UDP binding timeout after client sends a single packet
  • server sends no return traffic
  • result: very short timeouts (min = 30 sec), almost all less than IETF

recommendation

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UDP-1: Single packet, outbound only

IETF recommendation

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SLIDE 8

Nokia Research Center

UDP Binding Time meouts s

  • client sends a single UDP packet to the test server and then remains silent
  • server then sends a stream of responses, increasing delay between each
  • result: longer timeouts overall; some boxes shorter compared to UDP-1

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UDP-2: Single packet outbound, multiple packets in- bound

IETF recommendation

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SLIDE 9

Nokia Research Center

UDP Binding Time meouts s

  • similar to UDP-2, except that client sends response to each server packet
  • intent is to determine whether outbound traffic refreshes a binding
  • result: longer timeouts overall; no boxes shorter compared to UDP-2

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UDP-3: Multiple packets out- and inbound

IETF recommendation

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SLIDE 10

Nokia Research Center

TCP CP Binding Time meouts s

  • similar to UDP-1, except TCP connection (no keep-alives)
  • note: log scale and unit different!
  • result: some short timeouts (min = 4min),

half less than IETF recommendation

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IETF recommendation longer than 24h

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SLIDE 11

Nokia Research Center

TCP CP Thro roughput

  • throughput over of a 100 MB bulk transfer (2x unidirectional, 1x bidirectional)
  • result: 1/3 of boxes reaches max, median in bidirectional case much less

than when sending unidirectional, lots of weirdness

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SLIDE 12

Nokia Research Center

Queuing Dela lays ys

  • queuing delay introduced by the box when fully loaded
  • result: mostly OK (< 50 ms); some boxes really bad/weird

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SLIDE 13

Nokia Research Center

  • Max. Numb

mber r of TCP CP Bindings s

  • maximum number of TCP bindings allowed to a single server port
  • result: some very low (16), max. is 1024

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SLIDE 14

Nokia Research Center

Other r Resu sult lts s

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DCCP & SCTP

  • DCCP: zilch
  • SCTP: 18/34 ?!?
  • theory: single SCTP association

“works”, because those 18 devices translate just the IP addresses for unknown IP protocol numbers

  • need to look deeper
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SLIDE 15

Nokia Research Center

Other r Resu sult lts s

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DNS

  • DNS over UDP: worked
  • DNS over TCP: so-so
  • 14 accept connections on TCP port 53
  • 10 respond to DNS queries
  • one box forwards inbound DNS-over-

TCP as DNS-over UDP

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SLIDE 16

Nokia Research Center

Other r Resu sult lts s

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ICMP handling

  • in a nutshell: many issues
  • one box doesn’t translate ICMP at all
  • all others translate at least “Port

unreachable” and “TTL Exceeded”

  • one box translates TCP-related ICMP

messages into TCP RST

  • 16 out of 34 do not correctly

translate the transport header contained in the ICMP payload

  • two do not correctly translate the IP

checksum in the ICMP payload

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SLIDE 17

Nokia Research Center

Next Steps: s: Refine & Expand the Study y

Measure

  • run tests
  • collect data

Analyze

  • process data
  • scratch head

Publicize

  • write paper
  • give talks

Feedback

  • methods
  • other tests

Setup

  • collect devices
  • design tests

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You are here This is next

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SLIDE 18

Nokia Research Center

Rela lated Work rk

  • L. D’Acunto, J. Pouwelse, and H. Sips. A Measurement of NAT & Firewall

Characteristics in Peer to Peer Systems. In Proc. ASCI Conference, 2009.

  • B. Ford, P. Srisuresh, and D. Kegel. Peer-to-Peer Communication Across

Network Address Translators. In Proc. USENIX Annual Technical Conference, pages 13–13, 2005.

  • S. Guha and P. Francis. Characterization and Measurement of TCP Traversal

through NATs and Firewalls. In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM IMC, pages 199–211, 2005.

  • C. Jennings. NAT Classification Test Results. Internet-Draft draft-jennings-

behave-test-results-04, Internet Engineering Task Force, July 2007. Work in Progress.

  • L. Mäkinen and J. Nurminen. Measurements on the Feasibility of TCP NAT

Traversal in Cellular Networks. In Proc. Conference on Next Generation Internet Networks, pages 261–267, 2008.

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SLIDE 19

Nokia Research Center

Thank You Thank You

Talk lk to me me if yo you have a sp spare re home me gatewa way y to donate to the test stbed. la lars. rs.eggert rt@nokia.co com

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