[PPT] - AMANDA, a neutrino telescope at the south pole Wolfgang Rhode PowerPoint Presentation

SLIDE 1

AMANDA, a neutrino telescope at the south pole

Wolfgang Rhode Universität Wuppertal

SLIDE 2

AMANDA Collaboration

[1] Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA [2] DESY-Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany [3] Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden [4] Dept. of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA [5] Dept. of Physics, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA [6] Dept. of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA [7] Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA [8] Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany [9] Dept. of Technology, University of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden [10] Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA [11] Mainz University, Mainz, Germany [12] South Pole Station, Antarctica [13] ULB - IIHE - CP230, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium [14] University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA [15] University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden

SLIDE 3

V.F. Hess 1960; „Strahlungsapparat“ 1927-1931

SLIDE 4

W. Kohlhörster measuring in a ice-hole in the Eiger glacier, 1923

SLIDE 5

E. Regener,

Bodensee, 1928

SLIDE 6

E. Regener,

Bodensee, 1932

SLIDE 7

SLIDE 8

SLIDE 9

SLIDE 10

SLIDE 11

SLIDE 12

SLIDE 13

Neutrino Telescope in Ice

1997: AMANDA-B10 302 OMs at 10 Strings 2000: AMANDA-B19 680 OMs at 19 Strings

SLIDE 14

Ice-properties

✁

✂ ✄☎ ✆✝ ✞✟ ✂

λ

✠ ✡☛ ☛ ☞ ✌✍ ✎✑✏ ✒ ✓ ✓ ✔ ✕ ✖ ☞✗ ✘ ✔ ☞✗ ✓✙

≈

✚✛ ✌ ✜✢ ✣✤ ✕✥ ✓ ✖ ✤ ☞ ✘ ✔ ☞✗ ✓✙

≈

✦ ☛ ☛ ✌

Advantages of ice: “good” energy resolution low noise (300 -1500 Hz) few sensors required detector stable Disadvantages of ice: diffuse, delayed light directional measurement no repair of detector possible!

✧ ★✩ ✪ ✪ ✫✬ ✭ ✮ ✯ ✰ ✫ ✮ ✯ ✪✱ ✲ ✳ ✴ ✵ ✲ ✳ ✶ ✷✹✸✻✺✹✼ ✽ ✾ ✿❁❀

50-1

SLIDE 15

dramatis personae

SLIDE 16

Background: Atmospheric Muons

3-6 o.m. above atm ν
5-8 o.m. above new signal.
Suppression by

– angular resolution – energy resolution

1000 mwe 2000 3000 4000 5000 13000

SLIDE 17

Test Beam: Atmospheric Muons

γ − Θ ⋅ = E I I cos 1

( )

1 − ⋅ =

bd c

e b a E

( ) ( ) (

)

( )

dE b a E E b a b a E b a d E P

diff c diff c

⋅         ⋅         Φ Θ + + ⋅ − ⋅         Φ Θ + = γ γ , 1 1 1 , 1 ,

SLIDE 18

Atmospheric Neutrinos

SLIDE 19

AMANDA ν-candidate

Early photons are red, late

photons are blue. More photons are larger circles

Bottom of array is toward

center of earth

Event is clearly traveling

in the upward direction

SLIDE 20

Selection criteria

✎ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✏ ✓ ☞ ✤ ✕ ✓✙ ✔ ✕ ☞ ✙ ✔ ✌ ✖ ✣ ✥ ✙ ✔ ✕ ✔ ✓ ✕ ✒ ✏ ❂ ✣ ❃ ✔ ❄❅ ✖ ✕ ✔ ✌ ✖ ☞ ✖ ✌ ✒ ✘ ☞❅ ✌ ✢ ✔ ✕ ✒ ☞ ❆ ❆ ✖ ✣ ✓ ✒ ☞ ✏ ✔ ✤ ❇ ❈ ❅ ☞ ✣ ✏ ✒ ✓ ✓ ✔ ✕ ✔ ❆ ❈ ✥ ✙ ✤ ✓ ✤ ☞ ✣ ❃ ✔ ❄❅ ✖ ✕ ✔ ❉ ✣ ✌ ✤ ✤ ✓✙ ✘ ✖ ✗ ✙ ✓ ✔ ✌ ✖ ✣ ✣ ✖ ✤ ☞ ❈ ❊ ☞ ✤ ✏ ✒ ✓ ✒ ✣ ✓ ✕ ✤ ✥ ✙ ✖ ✏ ✢ ✕ ✔ ✌ ✣●❋ ✌ ✖ ✣ ✕ ✔ ✏●❍ ■ ✔ ✓ ✏ ❍ ❏ ✥ ✓ ✖ ✌ ✖ ❑ ✔ ✏ ❅ ✓ ✣▲ ✒ ✘ ❅ ✔ ✣ ❅ ✣ ✖ ☞✗ ❈ ▼ ◆ ❖P ◗ ✜❘❈ ✒ ✘ ✗ ✤ ✕ ✖ ✓✙ ✌ ✤ ✕ ❅ ✣ ✔ ❙ ✒❚ ✔ ✣ ✖ ✒ ☞ ✥ ✕ ✖ ✤ ✕ ❯❲❱ ❯❳ ❨ ❯❩❬ ❭ ❱ ❩❪ ❨ ❯❩❫ ❴❵ ❴ ❭ ❛ ❜❝ ❞ ❡ ❢ ❡ ❣ ❤ ✐ ✐ ❝ ❣ ❝ ❥ ❝ ❨❦ ❝ ❣ ❤ ❧ ❝ ❞ ❡ ♠ ♥♦ ♣ ✐ ❣ ❱ qr s ❤ ✐ ❞ ♥ t qr ✉ ✉ ❪ ❵ ❱ ❴ ✈ ✇ ❱ ❳ ✉ ❯ ❭ ❱ ❪ ✈ ❴ ❱ ❴ ① ❤ ❡ ②③ ❢ ♦ ❤ t t ♥ ❡ ❤ ④ ❞ ⑤ ❵ ❱ ❴ ✈ ✇ ❱ ❳ ✉ ❪ ⑥ ❱ ❭ ✈ ❴ ❱ ❴ ① ❤ ❡ ② ④⑦ ❡ ④ ❢ ♦ ❤ t t ♥ ❡ ❤ ④ ❞ ✉ ❨ ❯❩ ⑧ ⑨⑩ ❴ ❨ ❯❩ ⑧ ❶ ⑩ ✇ ⑩ ❷ ❝ ❜❝ t ✇ ❯ ❨ ❯❩ ⑧ ❸ ⑩ ❵ ❨ ❯❩ ⑧ ❹ ⑩ ❵ ⑩ ❷ ❝ ❜❝ t ❪ ✇ ❨ ❯❩ ⑧ ❺ ⑩ ✇ ❨ ❯❩ ⑧ ❺ ⑩ ❯ ❴ ⑩ ❷ ❝ ❜❝ t ✉ ❴ ⑩ ✇ ⑩ ❪ ✇ ⑩ ❷ ❝ ❜❝ t ❯

SLIDE 21

Atmospheric Neutrinos

Continuously data

taking

Number of candidates

follows the number of trigger

Seasonal flux variation

SLIDE 22

Background suppression

❻ ❼ ✒ ✓ ✒ ❽ ❾ ▼ ✒ ✗ ✕ ✔ ✔ ✌ ✔ ☞ ✓ ✒ ✓ ✢ ✔ ✓ ✓ ✔ ✕ ✓✙ ✒ ☞ ✛ ☛ ❿ ✒ ✣ ❇ ❅ ☞ ✏ ✓ ✖ ✤ ☞ ✤ ❇ ✏ ❅ ✓ ✣ ➀ ✥ ✒ ✕ ✒ ✌ ✔ ✓ ✕ ✖ ❑ ✔ ❆ ✢ ❚ ➁ ➂ ➃ ➄ ➄ ➄ ➅ ➆ ✖ ✕ ✣ ✓ ✒ ✗ ✕ ✔ ✔ ✌ ✔ ☞ ✓ ➇ ✖ ✓✙ ✢ ✒ ✏ ❂ ✗ ✕ ✤ ❅ ☞ ❆ ✓✙ ✔ ☞ ➇ ✖ ✓✙ ✣ ✖ ✗ ☞ ✒ ✘ ➅ ❘ ✒ ✕ ✗ ✔ ✣ ✒ ✌ ✥ ✘ ✔ ✤ ❇ ✢ ✒ ✏ ❂ ✗ ✕ ✤ ❅ ☞ ❆ ❾ ▼

109 1 106 103

➈ ➉ ➊ ➋ ➌ ➍

SLIDE 23

Zenith distribution of atmospheric neutrinos

➁ ✔ ❅ ✓ ✕ ✖ ☞ ✤ ✤ ✣ ✏ ✖ ✘ ✘ ✒ ✓ ✖ ✤ ☞ ✣ ❊ P ➎ ➏✛ ➐ ✔ ◗ ■ ✕ ✔ ❆ ❅ ✏ ✔ ❇ ✘ ❅ ➑

≈

✦ ☛ ❿ ❋ ✣ ✌ ✒ ✘ ✘ ➇ ❍ ✕ ❍ ✓ ❍ ✓ ✤ ❅ ☞ ✏ ✔ ✕ ✓ ✒ ✖ ☞ ✓ ✖ ✔ ✣ ✦ ✛ ❿ ✖ ✏ ✔ ✥ ✒ ✕ ✒ ✌ ✔ ✓ ✔ ✕ ✣ ✦ ☛ ❿ ❊✑➒ ✔ ❇ ❇✑✔ ✏ ✓ ✤ ❇ ✘ ✤ ✏ ✒ ✘ ✢ ❅ ✢ ✢ ✘ ✔ ✣ ■ ➓ ❾ ❖ ✔ ❇ ❇ ✖ ✏ ✖ ✔ ☞ ✏ ❚ ✚ ☛ ❿ ✌ ❅ ✤ ☞ ✕ ✒ ☞✗ ✔ ➔☛ ❿ ☞ ✔ ❅ ✓ ✕ ✖ ☞ ✤ ❇ ✘ ❅ ➑ ◆ ☞ ✏ ✔ ✕ ✓ ✒ ✖ ☞ ✓ ✖ ✔ ✣ ✍

SLIDE 24

Celestial distribution of events

➐ ✒ ✘ ✒ ✏ ✓ ✖ ✏ ✏ ✤ ✤ ✕ ❆ ✖ ☞ ✒ ✓ ✔ ✣ ✍ ✌ ✔ ✒ ☞ ✒ ☞✗ ❅ ✘ ✒ ✕ ✥ ✤ ✖ ☞ ✓ ✖ ☞✗ ✕ ✔ ✣✤ ✘ ❅ ✓ ✖ ✤ ☞ ✖ ✣ ➔ → ✡ ❆ ✔ ✗ ✕ ✔ ✔ ✣ ✜ ❾ ✜ ➁ ❼ ✜ ✤ ☞ ✘ ❚ ✣ ✔ ✔ ✣ ☞ ✤ ✕ ✓✙ ✔ ✕ ☞ ✙ ✔ ✌ ✖ ✣ ✥ ✙ ✔ ✕ ✔ ➣

SLIDE 25

Point Source Search

P ❄❅ ✒ ✓ ✤ ✕ ✖ ✒ ✘ ✏ ✤ ✤ ✕ ❆ ✖ ☞ ✒ ✓ ✔ ✣ ➅ ✦ ☛ ↔↕ ✔ ▲ ✔ ☞ ✓ ✣ ➅ ➁ ✤ ✤ ✢ ▲ ✖ ✤ ❅ ✣ ✏ ✘ ❅ ✣ ✓ ✔ ✕ ✖ ☞✗ ➣ ➅ ✎ ✒ ✌ ✥ ✘ ✔ ❆ ✤ ✌ ✖ ☞ ✒ ✓ ✔ ❆ ✢ ❚ ✏ ✤ ✣ ✌ ✖ ✏ ✌ ❅ ✤ ☞ ✣ ✒ ☞ ❆ ✒ ✓ ✌ ✤ ✣ ✥ ✙ ✔ ✕ ✖ ✏

ν

➙ ✣ ✘ ✤ ✤ ✣ ✔ ✕ ✏ ❅ ✓ ✣ ➇ ✖ ✓✙ ✌ ✤ ✕ ✔ ✢ ✒ ✏ ❂ ✗ ✕ ✤ ❅ ☞ ❆ ✖ ✌ ✥ ✕ ✤ ▲ ✔ ✓✙ ✔ ✘ ✖ ✌ ✖ ✓ ➣

SLIDE 26

Is there a significant excess anywhere ?

➛➜ ➝➞ ➟➠➡ ➢ ➤ ➞ ➟ ➥ ➟ ➥ ➟ ➦➧ ➨ ➩ ➛➫ ➫ ➭ ➯ ➲ ➟ ➥ ➳ ➨ ➵ ➸ ➳ ➺ ➧ ➻ ➧ ➨ ➟ ➸ ➠ ➤ ➺ ➼➽ ➺ ➧ ➻ ➧ ➥ ➡ ➧ ➨ ➨ ➢➸ ➥➾ ➳ ➸ ➨ ➡ ➦ ➠ ➯

✞➚

☎➪ ➶ ✆ ✄ ➪ ➹ ➶ ➘ ➴ ➷ ➬ ➮ ➱ ✃ ➴ ❐ ❒ ❮ ➘ ❰ Ï Ð ❰ Ñ Ò ÓÔ Õ Ö× Ó Ô Õ ÖØ ÓÔ Õ Ö Ù ➜ ➛➫ ➡ ➦ ➠ Ú ➧ ➨ ➡ Û Ü Ý Þ Ó Ô Ô Ó Ô ➄ Ó Ó Ô ➄ Ó Ô ➄ Ô Ó Ô ➄ Ô Ô Ó ➵ ➢ ➧ ➡ ➡ ➢ ➨ ßà àá âã äå æçè é ê ë à ãì í ä î ß ➆ ✘ ❅ ➑ ❊ ➎ ✦ ☛ ➐ ✔ ◗ ■✑ï ✦ ☛ ð ñ ✏ ✌ ð ò ✣ ð Ó ó ↔ ☛ ❿ ôõö ÷ ø ÷ùú ù û ü ýþÿ

✁

✂ ✄ ☎✆ ✝ ✞ ✄ ✟✠ ✡ ☛ â ß ç ☞ ß ✌ ✌ ✍ Ó ✎ ì ß î ✏✑ ✒✓ ✔

✕

✂ ✄ ☎ ✖✗ ✞ ✄ ✟✠ ✡ ☛✘ ☛✙ ✚ ☛ ✛ ✜ Ô ➃ ì ✢ Ó ✣ Ô ☞ ß ✎ à ➂ Ó Ô

SLIDE 27

AGN

Components:
Supermass. Black Hole
Accretion Disc
Jets
Blazar - flat Spectrum
here: 3C219
red: radio picture
blue: optical picture

SLIDE 28

Neutrino energy acceptance

✤✦✥ ✥ ✧★ ✩ ✧ ✪ ✧✫ ✧✬ ✭✮ ✬ ✯ ✫ ✭ ✧✰ ✱ ✓✙ ✕ ✔ ✣ ✙ ✤ ✘ ❆ ✍ ✛ ☛ ☛ ➐ ✔ ◗ ✱ ✣ ✔ ☞ ✣ ✖ ✓ ✖ ▲ ✖ ✓ ❚ ✍ ✦ ☛ ✲ → ✦ ☛ ✳ ➐ ✔ ◗ ✦ ☛ ☛ ❖ ✔ ◗

SLIDE 29

Limit on the diffuse flux

✴✵ ✶ ✷ ✸✹ ✺ ✩ ✻ ★ ✺ ✻ ✥ ✻ ✩ ✮ ✼ ✧ ✯ ✽ ✺ ✮ ✥✾ ✬ ✬ ✧ ✺ ✯ ✩ ✧ ✪ ✼ ✻ ✩ ✿

ν

✷ ✧✫ ✧✬ ✭ ✮ ❀ ✧❁ ✧✬ ✯ ✺ ✻ ✸ ★ ✬ ✾ ❁ ✧ ✪ ✧✫ ✧✬ ✭✮ ✧❂ ✩ ✻ ✸ ✯ ✩ ✾ ✬ ❂ ✹ ✫ ✪ ✧✬ ✩ ✧❂ ✩ ❃ ➁ í ❄ ❘ ✤ ✗ P ✒ ✓ ✌ ✤ ✣ ✥ ✙ ✔ ✕ ✖ ✏ ✌ ❅ ✤ ☞ ✣ P ò ➑ ✦ ☛ ð ✜ ✏ ✌ → ✚ ✣ ð Ó ✣ ✕ → Ó ➐ ✔ ◗ ✜ ➐ ➁ ☞ ✔ ❅ ✓ ✕ ✖ ☞ ✤ ❇ ✘ ❅ ➑ ✒ ✓ ✌ ✤ ✣ ✥ ✙ ✔ ✕ ✖ ✏ ☞ ✔ ❅ ✓ ✕ ✖ ☞ ✤ ✣ ✏ ❅ ✓

SLIDE 30

Diffuse Flux

Generally 103 larger

than point fluxes

Atm. ν backgrounds

103 worse

E2Φν < 1.0x10-6

GeV cm-2s-1sr-1

❅ ❆❇ ❈ ❉ ❊ ❋● ❍ ■ ❏ ❑▲ ▼ ◆❖ ❖ P◗ P❘❙ P

SLIDE 31

Highly rel. Outflow:

– coalescence neutron star bin. – collapse of a supermass. star

Cosmological dist.
Timescale: msec - min,

– E γ typ :300 keV

Shock accel. (int. or ext.)

– e: sync. + IC – p: pγ, pp ν

Gamma Ray Bursts

Visible image in April 97 s erg L

51

10 ≈

in thermal 5 MeV ν

SLIDE 32

High energy neutrinos from GRB ‘s ?

Off source GRB search bin GRB Position

1 hour 1 hour 16 s

BKG - off time BKG - off time

n time

GRB burst

SLIDE 33

No evidence for GRB neutrino emission …

10-10 1000 Gamma-factor

Waxman and Bahcall

10-16 Fluence (TeVcm-2s-1)

➓ ✕ ✔ ❆ ✖ ✏ ✓ ✖ ✤ ☞ ✜ ✘ ▲ ✒ ✕ ✔ ❑ → ❾ ❅ ☞ ✖ ❑ ▼ ✙ ✒ ☞ ✏ ✔ ✥ ✕ ✤ ✢ ✒ ✢ ✖ ✘ ✖ ✓ ❚ ❇ ✤ ✕ ❆ ✖ ❇ ❇✑✔ ✕ ✔ ☞ ✓ ▼ ❅ ✓ ✣ ❊ ↕❚ ✢ ❅ ✕ ✣ ✓ ✣ ■✑✍ ➆ ✒ ❂ ✔ ✣ ✔ ✒ ✕ ✏ ✙ ✔ ✣

SLIDE 34

Supernovae

Photo-desintegration:
Electron capture:
Thermal cooling:

n He Fe 4 134

56

+ →

e

n p e ν + → +

− e Z Z

A A e ν + → +

− − 1

τ τ µ µ

ν ν ν ν ν ν γ , ,

e e

e e → →

− +

erg E MeV E

53

10 3 , 50

∑

⋅ ≈ <

ν ν

SLIDE 35

Burst detection

✚ ☛ ❾ ✔ ◗ ✔ ❯ ❘ ✤ ➇ ☞ ✤ ✖ ✣ ✔ ❊ ➔☛ ☛ → ✦ ☛ ☛ ☛ ❱ ❑ ■ ✌ ✒ ❂ ✔ ✣ ✜ ❾ ✜ ➁ ❼ ✜ ✒ ✘ ✤ ➇ ✔ ☞ ✔ ✕ ✗ ❚ ☞ ✔ ❅ ✓ ✕ ✖ ☞ ✤ ❆ ✔ ✓ ✔ ✏ ✓ ✤ ✕ ❆ ✔ ✓ ✔ ✏ ✓ ✣ ✖ ✌ ❅ ✘ ✓ ✒ ☞ ✔ ✤ ❅ ✣ ✕ ✒ ✓ ✔ ✖ ☞ ✏ ✕ ✔ ✒ ✣ ✔ ✖ ☞ ✒ ✘ ✘ ➓ ❾ ❖ ✣ ✍ ❲ ➝ ➻ ➡ ❳ ➧ ➨ ➡ ❨ ❩ ❬ ❭ ❪ ❫ ❴ ❩ ❵ ❛ ✓ ✖ ✌ ✔

SLIDE 36

Supernova detection

✜ ✌ ✒ ☞ ❆ ✒ ❙ ✦ ☛ ✍ ↕ ☛ ❿ ✤ ❇ ✗ ✒ ✘ ✒ ➑ ❚ ➇ ✖ ✓✙ ↔ ☛ ❿ ✔ ❇ ❇ ✖ ✏ ✖ ✔ ☞ ✏ ❚ ó ✦ ❇ ✒ ❂ ✔ ❽ ❚ ✔ ✒ ✕ ✜ ❾ ✜ ➁ ❼ ✜❜ ❜ ❊ ✚ ☛ ☛ ✦ ■✑✍ ☞ ✔ ➇ ✕ ✔ ✒ ❆ ✤ ❅ ✓ ❋ ✌ ✤ ✕ ✔ ➓ ❾ ❖❝ ✣ ✤ ✥ ✓ ✖ ✌ ✖ ❑ ✔ ❆ ✒ ✕ ✓ ✖ ❇ ✖ ✏ ✖ ✒ ✘ ❆ ✔ ✒ ❆ ✓ ✖ ✌ ✔ ✓ ✤ ✣ ❅ ✥ ✥ ✕ ✔ ✣ ✣ ☞ ✤ ☞ → ➓ ✤ ✖ ✣ ✣✤ ☞ ✖ ✒ ☞ ☞ ✤ ✖ ✣ ✔ ❍ ❍ ❍ ↔ ☛ ❿ ❊ ↔↕ ❿ ■ ✤ ❇ ✗ ✒ ✘ ✒ ➑ ❚ ➇ ✖ ✓✙ ↔ ☛ ❿ ✔ ❇ ❇ ✖ ✏ ✖ ✔ ☞ ✏ ❚ ó ✦ ❇ ✒ ❂ ✔ ❽ ❚ ✔ ✒ ✕ ☞ ❍ ✢ ❍ ✍ ✗ ✒ ✘ ✒ ✏ ✓ ✖ ✏ ✣ ❅ ✥ ✔ ✕ ☞ ✤ ▲ ✒ ✔ ✔ ▲ ✔ ✕ ❚ ✦ ✛ → ✦ ☛ ☛ ❚ ✔ ✒ ✕ ✣ ✎ ✔ ☞ ✣ ✖ ✓ ✖ ▲ ✖ ✓ ❚ ✍ ✜ ❾ ✜ ➁ ❼ ✜ ✚ ☛ ☛ ✦

SLIDE 37

WIMPs from Sun/Earth

WIMP Analysis by AMANDA Stockholm...

SLIDE 38

Angular Spread of WIMP signal

Angular spread

decreases as WIMP mass increases, reducing atm. ν background

SLIDE 39

Neutralino search in AMANDA

❍ ❍ ✙ ✔ ✒ ▲ ❚ ❋ ✣ ✘ ✤ ➇ ✘ ❚ ✌ ✤ ▲ ✖ ☞✗

χ

➙ ✣ ✓ ✕ ✒ ✥ ✥ ✔ ❆ ✖ ☞ ✗ ✕ ✒ ▲ ✖ ✓ ✒ ✓ ✖ ✤ ☞ ✒ ✘ ❇ ✖ ✔ ✘ ❆ ✤ ❇ ✔ ✒ ✕ ✓✙ ❞ ✜ ✣ ✣ ❅ ✌ ✥ ✓ ✖ ✤ ☞ ✤ ☞ ❆ ✒ ✕ ❂ ✌ ✒ ✓ ✓ ✔ ✕ ✍ ❆ ❅ ✔ ✓ ✤ ☞ ✔ ❅ ✓ ✕ ✒ ✘ ✖ ☞ ✤ ✣ ❋ ✔ ☞ ✔ ✕ ✗ ❚ ❆ ✔ ☞ ✣ ✖ ✓ ❚ ☛ ❍ ➔ ➐ ✔ ◗ ❽ ✏ ✌ ✣ ✦ ➏ ❍ ➏ ✔ ▲ ✔ ☞ ✓ ✣ ✣ ✔ ✔ ☞ ✦ ✛ ✔ ➑ ✥ ✔ ✏ ✓ ✔ ❆ ❍ ❍ ❍ ➆ ✕ ✤ ✌ ✏ ✔ ☞ ✓ ✔ ✕ ✤ ❇ ✔ ✒ ✕ ✓✙ ✍ ❚ → ✦ ☛ ❚ ✔ ✒ ✕ ✣ ✦ ➔☛ ❆ ✒❚ ✣ ❡ ❢

SLIDE 40

Monopole and Muon Light Yield

Due to n2(g/e) ~ 8300

the light production is enhanced compared to muons.

Monopole Analysis by AMANDA Zeuthen...

SLIDE 41

Monte Carlo: Monopole

Early photons are red, late

photons are blue. More photons are larger circles

Bottom of array is toward

center of earth

Upgoing Monopole

SLIDE 42

Sensitive to relativistic

Monopoles

at β ~ 0.8 comparable

to other experiments

slight improvement

towards β=1.0

AMANDA Monopole Limits

SLIDE 43

GUT-scale-sensitivity

Φ ∼ Λ3
m = Λ/α
β = β (E=gBL,m)
Maximal GUT scale

~ 1020 eV

sensitive to Weiler-

Monopoles of m < 1011 GeV

Baikal AMANDA ICE3

SLIDE 44

AMANDA II

❯ ✉ ❩ ❧ ✜ ❾ ✜ ➁ ❼ ✜❜ ❜ ✍ ✦ ↔ ✣ ✓ ✕ ✖ ☞✗ ➇ ✖ ✓✙ ➏↕ ↕ ➓ ❾ ➙ ✣ P ▲ ✔ ☞ ✓ ✕ ✔ ✏ ✤ ☞ ✣ ✓ ✕ ❅ ✏ ✓ ✖ ✤ ☞ ✒ ☞ ❆ ✣ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✏ ✓ ✖ ✤ ☞ ❅ ☞ ❆ ✔ ✕ ➇ ✒❚ ✒ ✓❣ ✔ ❅ ✓✙ ✔ ☞ ❊ ✚ ☛ ☛ ☛ ❆ ✒ ✓ ✒ ■ ✎ ✖ ☞ ✏ ✔ ➆ ✔ ✢ ❍ ✚ ☛ ☛ ☛ ✍ ❏ ☞ ✘ ✖ ☞ ✔ ✕ ✔ ✏ ✤ ☞ ✣ ✓ ✕ ❅ ✏ ✓ ✖ ✤ ☞ ✒ ✓ ➓ ✤ ✘ ✔ ✤ ❇ ✚ ☛ ☛ ✦ ❆ ✒ ✓ ✒ ❊ ❾ ✒ ✖ ☞ ❑ ■

SLIDE 45

AMANDA II, first look at data

ý ❤✐ ❥❦❧ ❤ ♠ ✄ ✏ ✤ ✣

θ

➁ ✤ ✕ ✌ ✒ ✘ ✖ ❑ ✔ ❆ ✓ ✤ ▲ ✔ ✕ ✓ ✖ ✏ ✒ ✘ ✓ ✕ ✒ ✏ ❂ ✣ ✜ ✓ ✌ ✤ ✣ ✥ ✙ ✔ ✕ ✖ ✏ ☞ ✔ ❅ ✓ ✕ ✖ ☞ ✤ ✔ ▲ ✔ ☞ ✓ ✣ ✓ ✕ ✖ ✗ ✗ ✔ ✕ ✔ ❆ ✥ ✔ ✕ ❚ ✔ ✒ ✕ ✍

νµ:

✦ ✦ ☛ ☛ ☛ ❊ ▼ ▼ ■ ❋ ✦ ➔☛ ❊ ➁ ▼ ■

ν

ì

:

✦ ➏ ☛ ❊ ▼ ▼ ■ ❋ ↔ ❊ ➁ ▼ ■ ✡

νµ

✥ ✔ ✕ ❆ ✒❚ ✏ ❅ ✓ ✔ ❇ ❇ ✖ ✏ ✖ ✔ ☞ ✏ ❚ ✖ ✌ ✥ ✕ ✤ ▲ ✔ ❆ ➑ ✚ → ✛ ➣ ❊ ✖ ☞ ✥ ✒ ✕ ✓ ✖ ✏ ❅ ✘ ✒ ✕ ❇ ✤ ✕ ✙ ✤ ✕ ✖ ❑ ✤ ☞ ✓ ✒ ✘ ✓ ✕ ✒ ✏ ❂ ✣ ■

SLIDE 46

2002 improvements:

➅ ♥ ✻ ✭ ✧ ♦ ♦ ✾ ✬ ✩ ✩ ✾ ✬ ✧ ✷ ✾ ✬ ✭ ✯ ✫ ✻✦♣ ✧ q ✤r ❂ ✾ ♦ ✩ ✼ ✯ ✬ ✧ ➅ ➧ ➻s ➸ ➢t ➳ ➞ ➳ ➟ ➞ ➥ ➧ ➻ ➳ ✉ ➸ ➳ ➟ ➞ ➢ ➼ ➥ ➢ ➤ ➡ ➳ t ➳ ➸ ➟ ➺ s ➟ ➸ ➟ ➺ ➺ ➳ ➺ ➡ ➠➡ ➥ ➳ ➻ ➅ ♥ ✻ ✭ ✧ ♦ ♦ ✾ ✬ ✩ ✩ ✾ ✬ ✧ ✪ ✹ ✥ ✧ ✧ ✺ ✧ ✥ ✩ ✬ ✾ ✫ ✻ ✥ ❂ ✫ ✾ ✻ ❂ ✧ ➅ ➧ ➨✈ ➸ ➳ ➟ ➡ ➳ ➳ ➤ ➤ ➧ ✈ ➧ ➳ ➨✈ ➠ Ú ➠ ➺ ➢✇ ➳ ➸ ➞ ➧ ➡ ✈ ➸ ➧ ➻ ➧ ➨ ➟ ➥ ➢➸ ➥➾ ➸ ➳ ➡ ➾ ➢ ➺ ➞ ➡ ➅ ① ✫ ❂ ✩ ✯ ✺ ✺ ✯ ✩ ✻ ✾ ✫ ✾ ♦ ✼ ✯ ❁ ✧ ♦ ✾ ✬ ✸ ✪ ✻ ✭ ✻ ✩ ✻✦♣ ✻ ✫ ✭ ❂ ✮ ❂ ✩ ✧ ✸ ➅ ➟ Ú ➢ ➼ ➥② ➝ ✈ ➾ ➟ ➨ ➨ ➳ ➺ ➡ ③ ➡ ➼ ➤ ➤ ➧ ✈ ➧ ➳ ➨ ➥ ➤ ➢➸ s ➾ ➠➡ ➧ ✈ ➡ ✉ ➡ ➥ ➼ ➞ ➠ ➳ ➽ ➥ ➸ ➳ ➻ ➳ ➺ ➠ ➾ ➧ ➩ ➾ ➳ ➨ ➳ ➸ ➩ ➠ ➳ t ➳ ➨ ➥ ➡ ✉ ➺ ➳ ➟ ➸ ➨ ➾ ➢✇ ➥ ➢ ➧ ➨ ➥ ➳ ➩ ➸ ➟ ➥ ➳ ④⑤ ④⑥ ➲ ④ ➟ ➨ ➞⑦ ⑧⑨ ⑧⑩ ❳⑨

SLIDE 47