Affordable Housing Case Study 15 th September 2016 By Simon Gusah - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Presentation to AUHF AGM, Abuja, Nigeria

Affordable Housing Case Study

15th September 2016

By

Simon Gusah MPIA, ANIA

Visiting Researcher CSIS ABU Zaria

Ahmadu Bello University

Centre for Spatial Information Sciences

CSIS

DEVE EVELOPM PMENT NT B BANK NK

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Presentation Content

FRUGS KA KATSI SINA Ci City-level S Study udy

FINANCING FOR RESILIENT & GREEN URBAN GLOBAL SOLUTIONS

DEVELOPMENT BANK

CONTENTS

• 1. Background & Client Brief
• 2. Nigeria: Context & Problem-Opportunities
• 3. Methodological Approach
• 4. Katsina City: Study Area
• 5. Case Study: Kwado District Housing
• 6. Case Analysis: Proposed Innovations
• 7. Prototype Resilient Affordable Housing
• 8. Lessons Learned & Next Steps

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Background & Brief

FRUGS KA KATSI SINA Ci City-level S Study udy

OBJECTIVE: To identify investment needs for affordable housing and corresponding infrastructure and urban services, addressing low carbon and climate resilient development and recommend approaches and instruments for financing. APPROACH: >> Investigate the financing needs & status for housing and basic infrastructure. >> Review financial instruments and their features for urban development. >> Assess the impacts of financial instruments

• n a financial system level, particularly on the

sustainability & resilience of the financial system. >> Describe and explore new financial instruments and sources of funding and examine greater private sector participation in the financing and delivery of green and climate resilient urban development.

“the build-out of cities, particularly housing and urban services, is increasingly dependent on private developers and private financing”

DEVE EVELOPM PMENT NT B BANK NK

CLIENT BRIEF:

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Nigeria: Context & Problem-Opportunities

FRUGS KA KATSI SINA Ci City-level S Study udy

• 1. Demographic + Urban Expansion

Nigeria’s Population Doubles Approx. Every 25 Years, becomes more Urban, & relatively less Rural.

• 2. Global + Climate Economics

Cities must cope with challenges beyond their control, they must adapt to and embrace inevitable change.

Data Source: UN Department of Economic & Social Affairs, Population Division http://www.un.org/

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Nigeria: Context & Problem-Opportunities

FRUGS KA KATSI SINA Ci City-level S Study udy

Problematizing ‘Sustainable’ Development: New Model(s) Needed The Global ‘North’ and ‘South’ both need a shift, to converge towards sustainable growth & consumption. SSA needs new models to drive transformative change towards the end goal of Sustainable Development.

GLOBAL ‘NORTH’

‘Developed World’

GLOBAL ‘SOUTH’

‘Developing World’

OVER-DEVELOPED

Excess Consumption

UNDER-DEVELOPED

Lack of Basic Services

Reduce Global Inequality

How? “3L”* Growth? “Steady-State” Economy? “Enough for everyone, forever”**

What

?

Models

* 3L Principle: “Long-life, Loose-fit, Low Energy”. Alexander Gordon, 1972 ** Bension Varon, 1975

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Methodological Approach

FRUGS KA KATSI SINA Ci City-level S Study udy

• 1. Observational
• Not prescriptive – Jane Jacobsian Approach
• JJ transformed urban planning, as a non

professional, by observing people’s use and behaviours in the city, “sidewalk ballet”

• Nigerians are very capable at producing

afford-able housing (however poorly built)

Problems: Qualitative, not Quantitative

Source: http://www.nesta.org.uk/

• 2. Inclusive
• Informality per se is not a barrier
• Multi-national corporations business

ecosystems span the entire economic spectrum from the capital markets to street-level traders & ‘informals’ (N100 recharge card sellers etc.)

• Commercial ecosystems and value chains

embrace & integrate all participants profitably

Success = Inclusivity & Diversity

Source: http://www.mtn-investor.com/

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Methodological Approach

FRUGS KA KATSI SINA Ci City-level S Study udy

• 3. Pragmatic
• Working within existing frames of reference/laws etc.

(i.e. Land Use Act, LG Act, Finance Frameworks)

• Explore/exploit the current provisions and limitations,

build on existing platforms

• Going with the grain of political-economic realities

Land Use Act (1978) is Cantankerous, but Useful

“Resilience is the capacity of a social- ecological system (SES) to absorb or withstand perturbations and other stressors such that the system remains within the same regime, essentially maintaining its structure and functions. It describes the degree to which the system is capable of

self-organization, learning and adaptation.”

Source: http://www.resalliance.org/index.php/resilience

• 4. Resilient
• A Resilience Approach Embraces Challenges as

Change Opportunities

• Economic, Climatic and Political Challenges can

Drive Reform Programmes & Innovation

• In Nigeria the business-as-usual (BAU) model is
• broken. The recession and economic challenges

represent an opportunity to drive change.

Resilience: Change, Adapt, Diversify

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Katsina City-Study Context

KA KATSI SINA S State, e, N Niger eria

N

Katsina State

KATSINA STATE: north-west region of Nigeria, lies in the Sub-Saharan, Sahel Savannah region of West Africa, with 90-100 Days of Growing Period (DGP) per annum (UN FAO).

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1

2 3 5 6 8 9 10 10 11 11

14 14

13 13 7 12 12

0 0.5 1 2 3 5Km

N

Gabas Arewa Kudu Yamma

4

1978 urban footprint – 958 Ha (Pop. Est +100,000, Max Lock, 1978) 2005 urban footprint – 2,897 Ha (Pop. Est +300,000, Census, 2006) 2015 urban footprint – 4,959 Ha (Pop. Est. +500,000, Projected) ~400% Growth Urban Footprint & Pop. in 40 yrs.

LEGEND

1. Emir’s Palace 2. Kofar Sabuwa City Gate 3. Kofar Yandoka City Gate 4. Kofar Guga City Gate 5. Kofar Waziri City Gate 6. Kofar Sauri City Gate 7. Kofar Durbi City Gate 8. Kofar Marusa City Gate 9. Kofar Kaura City Gate

• 10. Kofar Kwaya City Gate
• 11. Katsina Airport
• 12. New Government House
• 13. GRA (Govt Reserved Area)
• 14. Katsina State Secretariat

Old City Ward Boundaries; Arewa – North, Kudu – South, Gabas – East, Yamma – West

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Katsina City: Study Context

Katsina C City: Initial S SWOT A Analysis (I)

STRENGTHS S1: Excellent Basic City Road Network

Katsina City has unusually well developed roads

S2: Manageable Katsina State Debt Burden

State history of fiscal prudence, living within means

S3: Cohesiveness, High Social Capital

Emirate, Traditional & Social Structure is strong

WEAKNESSES W1: Slow Local Economy (Micro Trading)

Few formal/industrial jobs, many small-scale/MSME*

W2: Poor Power & Energy (Cooking) Supply

Chronic power shortages, fuel-wood dependence

W3: Unplanned, Informal Sprawl

Urban investment not keeping pace with population [*MSME – Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises]

OPPORTUNITIES Op1: 1 No. Prime Local Government for City

City has 1 Main LGA + 4 in Secondary/metro area

Op2: 5-Year Development Plan in Place

Katsina State has a 5-Year MTEF* (2016-2020)

Op3: Active Informal Property Market

Local builders can deliver homes affordably [*MTEF – Medium-Term Expenditure Framework, a 5-year budget, the ‘Katsina Restoration Development Plan’]

Opportunity-Strength Strategies

(Use Strengths to take advantage of Opportunities)

S1-Op1: Joint Maintenance & Planning

State & LGA can form Joint City Planning Forum

S2-Op2: Investment Platform

Fiscal prudence attractive to potential investors

S3-Op3: Engagement/Innovation in LED*

Community Engagement & Mobilization possible [*LED – Local Economic Development]

Opportunity-Weakness Strategies

(Use Opportunities to off-set Weaknesses)

Op1-W1: LG Market Management Plan

LGs can support State on markets and SWM*

Op2-W2: Power/Energy Sector Strategy

‘Village’ Solar Off-grid Investment Plan

Op3-W3: Formalisation/Regularization

Upscale activities of informal developers [*Markets & SWM are LG responsibility but done by State]

THREATS T1: Population Growth & Ecological Stress

Pressure on local forests and ecosystems resources

T2: Sewage Infrastructure Gap

Very poor sewage & waste water management

• services. No city sewage treatment plant.

T3: Long-term Unemployment/Jobs

Chronic unemployment situation. Intergenerational family poverty & cross-border migration from Niger..

Threat-Strength Strategies

(Use Strengths to avoid Threats)

T1-S1: Urban Boundary/Control Sprawl Impact

Use Outer Ring-Road as an Urban Boundary

T2-S2: WAT-SAN PPP/Investment

Ajiwa Dam upgrade needs Sewage equivalent

T3-S3: Labour-intensive Job Strategy

Use local and family networks for labour-intensive local projects to ‘mop up’ unemployed

Threat-Weakness Strategies

(Minimize Weaknesses & avoid Threats)

T1-W3: Contain Sprawl, Intensify Development

Increase urban planning & monitoring capacity

T2-W2: Sustainable Sewage Treatment Plan

Design low-power, low-water sewage strategy

T3-W1: Skills/Education Strategy

Up-skilling and training programme, introduce basic technology, improved business systems

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Katsina City: Study Context

Katsina C City: Initial S SWOT A Analysis (II)

SWOT Notes & Photos from Scoping Visit 21st-24th June, 2016:

3 1

Photo Notes

• 1. An informally built, affordable

housing layout in Kwado area.

• 2. Formally built, traditional-style.
• 3. Houses built on a flood-plain.

2

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Katsina City: Study Context

Katsina C City: Initial S SWOT A Analysis (III)

SWOT Notes & Photos from Scoping Visit 21st-24th June, 2016:

4

Photo Notes

• 4. Friday Market, Emir’s palace.
• 5. Low-income households depend
• n scarce firewood for cooking.

5

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Affordable Housing in Katsina

Land nd Market S Sur urvey I Ini nitial al F Findi nding ngs

A Sampling1 of Katsina Land Sales Data b/w 2008-2016:

• 1. Based on sales data provided by Local Land Dealers (‘Dillalai’), Members of the trade association
• f Land Dealers, for four areas of Katsina city; i) Modoji, ii) Modoji/Shinkafi, iii) Sabon Gida, and

iv) Kwado in the city-level study. *Sales prices adjusted using Purchasing Price Parity Data http://data.worldbank.org/

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Affordable Housing in Katsina

Ca Case e St Study: K Kwado (Informal) D District ct

2BR Unit in Kwado District, Katsina

Kwado is part of the spontaneous urban expansion of Katsina, but it is not insurmountably problematic. Urban & Regional Planning Board (URPB) has already reached out to the drivers of the local housing market; Land Dealers (Dillalai) & Local Housebuilders. Even in the midst of the informality, there is evidence of refreshing innovations and signs of progress being made.

Kwado (unplanned) District Typical Housing Unit Costs Land: 40’ x 22’ (12m x 6.6m) – N400, 000 ($1,100) Construction Cost: (approx.) – N900, 000 ($2,500) . TOTAL – N1, 300, 000 ($3,600) Sales Price (No borehole) - N1, 700, 000 ($4,700) Gross Profit Margin (30%) - N400, 000 ($1,100) Sales Price (+ borehole) - N1, 850, 000 ($5,300) Construction Timeline: 1 month

[US Dollar:naira Xchange Rate $1:N350]

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Narrow Street Layout Vertical ical ‘S ‘Septic ic Ta Tank’ Til iled Floor Finis Finish & PVC Ceil iling ing Secu curit ity & & Pri rivac acy – Cu Cult lturall lly Des Desir irab able Compac pact Stre reet L Layout Go Good

• d u

use of

• f S

Scar carce ce Resour

• urce

ce - Land Kit itch chen No Win indow

Kwado ‘Traffic Light’ Critique

Red Light Issues (High –ve Impact)

• 1. Unplanned Street Layout; too narrow
• 2. Lack of household electricity & cooking

fuel (Power & Energy)

• 3. Lack of adequate sewage/sanitation &

SWM services Yellow Light (Med –ve Impact)

• 1. Poor cooling & cross-ventilation in units
• 2. No formal tenure (de facto ‘paper’ only)
• 3. Poor Water Supply; vendors only
• 4. No road/drainage infrastructure
• 5. Poor building standards/regulations
• 6. No mixed-use planning

Green Light Issues (Neutral or +ve Impacts)

• 1. Local, market-based housing (no State subsidy)
• 2. Compact, space-saving designs
• 3. A potentially ‘bankable’ business model
• 4. Appropriate tech for local skill-base
• 5. Scope for improvement/upgrading to

Green/Resilient affordable housing

• 6. Scope to turn all –ves into +ves
• 7. Designs reflect local cultural values (privacy)

Kwado represents ordinary people’s efforts to resolve affordable housing challenges. The solutions aren’t ‘perfect’ but provide a starting point to seek resilient, sustainable innovations.

Des Desig ign motif ifs r reflect ct Local ar archi hitectural al And nd urban h an herit itag age

Affordable Housing in Katsina

Ca Case e St Study: K Kwado (Informal) D District ct

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Case Study: Local Business Model

• SMALL SCALE

Individual, local, small-scale (artisanal) builders, handling small volumes (<5 units at a time)

• NON-DOCUMENTED (‘Informal’)

No formal planning, design, financing or marketing. All arrangements thru personal relationships and contacts.

• NO SUBSIDY, MARKET-DRIVEN

Builders do both speculative and bespoke units for clients, based on prevailing demand/market.

• SHARED-RISK/REWARD

Builders take short-term loans from money-lenders, based loosely on Islamic banking model, where borrower and lender enter a shared-risk/shared-equity

• arrangement. After sale of the unit(s) the lender and

builder share the profit in a pre-agreed formula.

Affordable Housing in Katsina

Ca Case e St Study: K Kwado (Informal) D District ct

Case Study: Local Land Tenure Model

• SELF-REGULATED & LEGITIMIZED

System of land tenure and management of land and property market operates is out of sight of the State.

• FIRST SALE: CHIEF MEDIATED

First sale by the original owner (usually a farmer) is mediated, authorized by a Mai Unguwa, or Ward Head.

• RE-SALE: LOCALLY WITNESSED

Subsequent re-sale is between buyer and seller in the presence of a witness and the original Mai Unguwa endorsed ‘paper’ is passed to the new owner.

• STATE ROLE: VERY LIMITED

The government’s only role in these processes (if any) is to issue building permits, based on the Sales Agreement.

• SPONTANEOUSLY PLANNED

Informal layouts not surveyed or set out - problematic; narrow streets, no set backs for infrastructure or services and lacking effective development control.

“In order for an Islamic bank to earn a return

• n money lent, it is necessary to obtain an

equity, or ownership, interest in a non- monetary asset. This requires the lender to also participate in the sharing of risk”.

Source: http://www.islamic-banking.com/prohibition_of_interest.aspx

“Land tenure should primarily be viewed as a social relation involving a complex set of rules that affects the way that land is owned and used”.

Source: Payne. Durand-Lasserve. 2008

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Case Study Analysis (I)

Prop

• posed C

ed Climate-Res esilience I ce Innovations

‘Affordable’ Cost : Target sales price of the units is $10,000, with financing, over 20 years.

Solar PV Home System, for day + night lighting, cooling and socialising. Off-Grid Power :

Household Energy (Fuel) : Sustainably-sourced firewood, from farmed forests.

Space-saving Vertical Septic Tanks system: faecal sludge treatment (FST). Sewage Treatment :

Small Footprint/Land Take : 2BR Units on 90m2 plots, minimizing cost, compact designs.

Compact, mutually shaded layout, with vehicle circulation. Compact, Shaded Layout :

Insulated Roofing & Walls: Foam-insulated roofing sheets, mud-filled cement block walls

Courtyard, dormer window, solar chimneys, roof vents. Passive Vent, Solar Chimneys :

High-quality Design & Spec: Improve standards of engineering & urban design/planning.

Local materials, methods, craftsmen & cultural values. Local & Appropriate Tech :

2 4 6 8

10

1 3 5 7 9

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Sitting Room WC/ Shower Visitors WC Bedroom 1

Main Entry Gate Foot Entry Gate

Bedroom 2 WC/ Shower Open Reception Area Family Courtyard (void over) Drive-in Courtyard (void over)

Floor L Layout Roof P Profile

Utility/ Storage Area 0 1 2 3 5m 6m 6m 6m 30m 30m 15m 15m

2BR BR Prototype Uni nits o

• n 6

n 6m m x 15m P m Plots [90m2 plots, 5 Nos. per Standard 15m x 30m, 450m2 plot area]

Kwado 2 2BR U Uni nit C Comparison [80m2 Plot] 15m x 30m Equivalent Standard Plot Size

Kitchen

Prototype Design: Climate Resilient Affordable Housing

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An Exa Example o

• f P

Prim ime, ‘Nar Narrow-Plot’ Ho ’ Housing: ng: So Sout uth Me Melbour urne, A Aust ustralia

Prototype Design: Climate Resilient Affordable Housing

Source: http://www.realestate.com.au/

0 1 2 3 5m

8m 18 18m

Ar Area M Media dian 3B 3Br Pr Property V Val alue: $1 $1.4m 4m (A (AUD)

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Main Entry Gate Foot Entry Gate

Sitting Room 2.85x3.1 WC/ Shower 1.35x1.8 Visitors WC 0.8x1.8 Bedroom 1 2.4x4.1 Bedroom 2 2.85x3.1 WC/ Shower 1x2.3 Open Reception Area 2.35x1.8 Family Courtyard (void over) Drive-in Courtyard (void over) 6m 6m

2B 2BR Pr Prototype U Unit S SOLAR AR PO POWERED F FITTI TTINGS

Kitchen 2.85x1.3

Unit abuts neighbouring units on 3 sides

Utility/ Storage Area

Fr TV

15m 15m

Electri rical ( l (sola lar-powere red) f fittings

13A plug socket (6 Nos) Light Bulb (10 Nos) Ceiling Fan (4 Nos) 0 1 2 3 5m

Fr

Fridge (1 Nos)

TV

TV+DSTV (1 Nos)

Solar Po Powe wer-load ad E Estimat mate

Appliance Nos Rating Hours Load (Wh/Day) 1. LED Light 10 8W 6 480 2. Ext LED Light 3 6W 10 180 3. Fridge 1 80W 12 960 4. TV + DSTV 1 200W 4 800 5. Ceiling Fan 2 75W 10 1,500 6.

• Ph. Charger 2 20W 2 80 .

TO TOTA TAL: L: 4.0 .0 kW kWh/Day Pea Peak Po Power er: 568 W 568 W

So Solar ar PV PV + Co Components L s List ist

Autonomy (battery only): 8 hours Inverter Size: 1,000W Battery Depth of Charge: 40% Battery Voltage: 24V Battery Bank size: 1 x 139A.h Total Batteries Required: 2 x 12V/180A.h Solar Panels: 250W x 3 Nos MPPT Regulator: 1 No. of 70A +Fixtures and Installations AP APPROX C X Cost: $3, $3,000 000 (inc

• ncl. l

labo bour ur) External Light (3 Nos)

Source: http://www.solarpanel.co.za/solar-calculator.html (Thanks to Dr Gawie Van Der Merwe!)

Prototype Design: Climate Resilient Affordable Housing

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2BR BR Prototype U Uni nit: t: AIR IR CIR IRCULATION ON, NATURAL L LIGHT IGHT & PASSIVE V VENTIL ILATIO ION P Pla lan

0 1 2 3 5m

Dormer Window: Brings in natural light, and exhausts hot air. Wall exhaust vent to solar chimney Solar chimney exhaust Open inner courtyard draws in cool air & natural light around circulation space

A A

Sect ctio ion A n A-A

Air Circulation/Ventilation Space

Air Circul ulation,

• n, Natur

ural l Light ht & Ventila lation

• n

Natural lighting and passive ventilation in the small, restricted spaces of the units promoted using a number

• f devices, including;
• A. Inner Open Courtyard/Family Space
• B. Dormer Windows
• C. Solar Chimneys
• D. Foam-insulated Roofing Sheets
• E. Mud-filled Block walls (thermal mass)
• F. Earth-coupled Flooring
• G. Internal vents, high & low-level louvered openings

Electro-Mechanical systems (solar powered fans), but

the un unit it is is no not de depen ende dent on

• n act

activ ive cool coolin ing & ven entil ilat atio ion.

COOL A L AIR IR IN IN HO HOT AI AIR OUT

Co Courtyard & & Pa Passage Bedroom

• m 2

2 (Of Off P Parlo lour)

Floor Pl Plan an A B C D E F G

Prototype Design: Climate Resilient Affordable Housing

0 1 2 3 5m

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0 1 2 3 5m 6m 6m 15m 15m

ROOF PLAN/ N/ Solar Pa r Panel A Array & & Other C r Climate R Resil ilience ce F Feature res

Unit abuts neighbouring units on 3 sides

Dormer Window/ Roof Light & Vent

Sola lar P PV V Array Vertical ical S Septic ic Tank Nat atural al Lig Light & & Pas assiv ive Ventil ilatio ion Sma mall F Footpr print, C Compac pact Layout Ins Insulat ated R Roof

• of

Mud ud-Fill lled Ce Cement B Blo lock W Walls lls Ra Rainwat ater Har Harvesting

Dormer Window/ Roof Light & Vent

Vent nts/So /Solar C Chim imneys Prototype Design: Climate Resilient Affordable Housing

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Prototype Design: Climate Resilient Affordable Housing

2BR R Uni nit Cos Cost Profiles es; ‘ ‘Ca Case’ e’, ‘Ba Base’ e’ & ‘ ‘Plus’

2BR Kwado Affordable Housing Units

2BR Unit Costs: i) Kwado-Case Unit ii) Kwado-Base Unit iii) Kwado-Plus Unit i) Land: (80m2) N 400k ($1,100) (90m2) N 450k ($1,280) N 450k ($1,280) ii) Construction: N 900k ($2,500) N1,050k ($3,000) N1, 800k ($5,000) iii) ‘Formalization’*:

• NIL-

N 150k ($430) N 150k ($430) iv) Solar Fitout etc: -NIL-

• NIL-

N1, 050 ($3,000) TOTAL Cost (000’s): N1, 300k ($3,600) N1,650k ($4,700) N3, 450k ($9,860) Sales Price: N1, 700k ($4,700) N2,145k ($6,130) N4, 485k ($12,814) Gross Profit (30%): N 400k ($1,100) N 495k ($1,330) N1, 035k ($3,104) Delivery Timeline: 1 month 2 months 3 months

[US Dollar:naira Xchange Rate $1:N350] *’Formalization’ includes: Surveying, CofO, Land Registration & other costs.

CASE UNIT BASE UNIT PLUS UNIT

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Lessons & Next Steps

Res esilient F Finance: e: Cha Change e Ada dapt Diver ersify

Source: http://www.123rf.com/4x4

AFRICA HOUSING FINANCE BRICOLAGE Creativity, Resourcefulness & Using the available Tools, Resources, Frameworks. i.e. NOT waiting for ‘Perfect Conditions’. AN AFRICAN 4x4 MORTGAGE MODEL Don’t expect or try to build a sleek, high-performance ‘Porsche’ mortgage

• model. Build a rugged, African 4x4

housing finance framework. NO SUBSIDIES PLEASE, WE’RE AFRICAN Africa can take the lead on the drive towards sustainable development, but

• nly if we live within our means. We

must learn to DO MORE, WITH LESS. 1) The 4P Model: Public, Private, People, Partnerships

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Lessons & Next Steps

Res esilient F Finance: e: Cha Change e Ada dapt Diver ersify

2) Making Nigerian ‘Land Use Act Lemonade’ (when life gives you lemons…) A GOVERNOR-CENTRIC MODEL The LUA vest all powers over land in the hands of State Governors. The upside is that they have the power to create a bankable housing model at State-level. TRANSFERABLE ‘CofO’s LUA requires Governor sign-off on all land transactions and transfers. This can be built in to the Grant of Title, by the creation of so-called ‘Transferable CofO’ ‘APOA’: Advanced Power of Attorney (Nohn & Bhatt, 2014 (http://wiego.org). By signing off on an APOA as part of the lending process, the absence of an effective foreclosure law is by-passed.

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Lessons & Next Steps

Res esilient F Finance: e: Cha Change e Ada dapt Diver ersify

DURABLE:MATERIALS & TECHNOLOGIES Cement block based house building materials and methods remain the most accessible and readily available materials and technologies. SALABLE: DEMAND-DRIVEN Follow the Informals, follow the market. ‘Catch people doing something right’. A formal approach, based on a stable informal platform will be stable also. RECOVERABLE: LEGALITY & LEGITIMACY Legality is established by acts of law. Legitimacy is culturally derived. Together they form the two sides of the structure-agency coin (Giddens, 1984). 3) BANKABILITY 101: DURABILITY, SALABILITY, RECOVERABILITY

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Lessons & Next Steps

Res esilient F Finance: e: Cha Change e Ada dapt Diver ersify

STAGE I: Prototype/Marketing Suite A single unit can be delivered in less than 3 months, for <$10,000 (+ R&D and Overhead Costs). This unit will serve as the Proof-of-Concept. STAGE II: Pilot Project – 100 Units Based on off-taker demand, a small estate can be built by local artisans under supervision, in 6 months to 1 year. STAGE III: Full Roll-Out Strategy A ‘4P’ SPV involving a private sector entity, the State Government and local community (traditional) leadership will drive the full roll-out strategy. 4) VALUE PROPOSITION: The Pitch

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Insert movie here…

SLIDE 30

Financing for Resilient & Green Urban Global Solutions Simon Gusah

Visiting Researcher, CSIS ABU Zaria Simon.gusah@urbanbaseconsulting.com +234 803053 6818

FINANCING FOR RESILIENT & GREEN URBAN GLOBAL SOLUTIONS

DEVELOPMENT BANK