Aerodynamics of Compressors and Turbines (AE 651) Autumn Semester - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Aerodynamics of Compressors and Turbines (AE 651) Autumn Semester - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 22, 2023 424 likes •638 views

Aerodynamics of Compressors and Turbines (AE 651) Autumn Semester 2009 Instructor : Bhaskar Roy Professor, Aerospace Engineering Departm ent I .I .T., Bom bay e-m ail : aeroyia@aero.iitb.ac.in AE 651 Elective Course : Ph.D / M.Tech / D.D

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SLIDE 1

Aerodynamics

  • f

Compressors and Turbines

(AE 651)

Autumn Semester 2009

Instructor : Bhaskar Roy Professor, Aerospace Engineering Departm ent I .I .T., Bom bay e-m ail : aeroyia@aero.iitb.ac.in

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AE 651

Elective Course : Ph.D / M.Tech / D.D / B.Tech The coverage in this course will be with reference to their application in Aerospace engineering and specifically with reference to Compressors and Turbines as used in Aircraft Gas Turbine engines. They are also relevant to Compressors and Turbines used in land based thermal power generation power plants .

AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IITB Lect - 1

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SLIDE 3

Coverage

1

  • 1. Axial Flow Compressors
  • 2. Centrifugal Flow Compressors
  • 3. Axial Flow Turbines
  • 4. Radial Flow Turbines
  • 5. Matching of Compressors & Turbines
  • 6. Mathematical models for 3-D flow in

turbomachinery

  • 7. CFD methods for flow analysis in

compressors and turbines

AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IITB Lect-1

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SLIDE 4

References

2

1. Hill Philip, Peterson Carl, Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion, 2nd Edn., Addison Wesly, 1992. 2. El-Sayeed G Ahmed, Aircraft Propulsion and gas Turbine Engines, CRC press, 2008. 3. Saravanamuttoo, H.I.H., Rogers G.F.C., Cohen H. Gas Turbine Theory, 5th Edition, Pearson, 2001. 4. Bhaskar Roy, Aircraft Propulsion, Elsevier, 2008

AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IITB Lect-1

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SLIDE 5

3

CDEEP

Date-wise schedule : Course Details AE 651

Aerodynamics of Compressors and Turbines

  • Prof. Bhaskar Roy

AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IITB Lect - 1

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Course Details – AE 651

4

  • No. Date Lecture /. Topic

Tutorial No

  • 1. 23.07.09 Lect-1 Course Coverage, Introduction to Aerodynamic

Machines

  • 2. 27.07.09 Lect-2 Ch-1, Introduction to Axial Flow Compressors
  • 3. 30.07.09 Lect-3 Ch-1, Thermodynamics of Axial Flow

Compressor

  • 4. 03.08.09 Lect- 4 Ch-1, 2-D cascade flow theory of Axial Flow

Compressor

  • 5. 06.08.09 Tute-1 Quiz and Assignment - Aerothermodynamics of

Axial Flow Compressor

  • 6. 10.08.09 Lect-5 Ch-1, 3-D flows in AFC –Vortex theories
  • 7. 13.08.09 Lect-6 Ch-1, Losses and Efficiencies of AFC
  • 8. 17.08.09 Tute-2 Quiz and Assignment - 3-D flows and efficiencies
  • 9. 20.08.09 Lect-7 Ch-1, Characteristics of Single and Multi-stage

Compressors

  • 10. 24.08.09 Lect-8 Ch-1, Aerodynamic design of Axial Flow

Compressor

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SLIDE 7

Course Details – AE 651

5

  • No. Date Lecture /. Topic

Tutorial No

  • 11. 27.08.09 Lect-9 Ch-2, Aerodynamics of Centrifugal Compressors
  • 12. 31.08.09 Lect-10 Ch-2, Characteristics of Centrifugal Compressors
  • 14. 03.09.09 Tute-3 Quiz and assignment on Centrifugal Compressor.
  • 15. 17.09.09 Lect-11 Ch-3, Introduction and 2-D theories of Axial Flow

Turbine

  • 16. 24.09.09 Lect-12 Ch-3, Thermodynamics, Losses & Efficiencies of

AFT

  • 17. 01.10.09 Lect-13 Ch-3, Characteristics of Single & Multi-stage AFT
  • 18. 05.10.09 Tute-4 Quiz and Assignments on Axial Flow Turbines
  • 19. 08.10.09 Lect-14 Ch3, Cooling Techniques used in AFT
  • 20. 12.08.09 Lect-15 Ch3, Aerodynamics Design of AFT
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Course Details – AE 651

6

  • No. Date Lecture /. Topic

Tutorial No

  • 21. 15.10.09 Lect-16 Ch 4, Aerodynamics of Radial Flow Turbines
  • 22. 22.10.09 Tute- 5 Quiz and Assignment on RFT
  • 23. 26.10.09 Lect-17 Ch-5, Matching of Compressors and Turbines
  • 24. 29.10.09 Lect-18 Ch-6, Aerodynamic Analysis of Compressors

& Turbines – 3-D flow theories

  • 25. 05.11.09 Lect-19 Ch-6,Aerodynamic Analysis of Compressors &

Turbines – Radial Equilibrium Equation and Streamline Curvature Theories.

  • 26. 09.11.09 Lect-20 Ch-7,Computational Techniques and CFD tools
  • 27. 12.11.09 Lect-21 Ch-7, Examples of CFD analysis of Compressor

and Turbine flows

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SLIDE 9

Gas Turbine Engine

7

AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IITB Lect-1 LP Compressor

Fan LP Compressor HP Compressor HP Turbine LP Turbine Inner Shaft carrying LPT, LPC and Fan Outer shaft carrying HPT and HPC Hot Jet

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8

Aerodynamic Machines

  • All the above machines work on

various Aerodynamic principles and laws

  • They also have to conform to various

Laws of Motion (e.g. Newton’s laws)

  • All these machines also need to

conform to laws of thermodynamics, especially when they are part of a heat engine e.g. Gas Turbine Engine for aircraft propulsion

AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IITB Lect-1

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SLIDE 11

9

Laws of Motion

  • 1st Law of Motion – Concept of

applying energy or force on fluid flow

  • 2nd Law of Motion – Concept of

acceleration (or deceleration) of fluid

  • 3rd Law of motion – Concept of

Reaction force due to application of a force, due to acceleration

AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IITB Lect-1

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SLIDE 12

Laws of Thermodynamics

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  • 1st Law of Thermodynamics – Equality of

supplied energy and work done – brings in the concept of Cycle - in flowing fluid

  • 2nd Law of Thermodynamics – Concept of

Entropy, and change of entropy, ∆s

  • 3rd Law of Thermodynamics – Concept of

absolute zero temperature (Temp in K)

  • Concept of Static and Stagnation (Total)

Pressure (p , p0) and Temperature (T, T0)

  • Equation of state p = ρRT assumed

valid

AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IITB Lect-1

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SLIDE 13

Aerodynamic Laws

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  • Newtonian fluid – continuum theory is valid
  • Conservation of mass in a fluid flow –

Continuity equation

  • Conservation of momentum in a fluid flow –

Euler’s equation

  • Conservation of energy in a fluid flow –

Bernoulli’s equation – incompressible flow and ideal fluid p0 = p + 1/2.ρ. V2 Navier-Stoke’s equation – real fluid for both incompressible and compressible flows

AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IITB Lect-1

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Aerodynamic Principles

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  • Perfect gas/air, Ideal fluid – Isentropic – adiabatic,

irreversible fluid flow process

  • Effects of Mach number, Reynolds number etc.

shall be made liberally

  • More parameters for dynamical similarity shall be

developed for compressors / turbines

  • Incompressible and Compressible fluid flow
  • Subsonic and Supersonic flows – shock theories –

2-D planar shocks and property changes across the shocks

AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IIT B Lect-1

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Pre-requisites

Some prior knowledge of all the above subjects is a pre-requisite for this course

AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IIT B Lect-1

13

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Working of Compressors and Turbines

  • Compressors perform

work on the passing

  • air. Work is done on

the air often with the help of airfoil shapes

  • Turbine extract work

from the passing air

  • ften with the help of

airfoil shapes

Lift

14

Drag AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IITB Lect-1

Highly Cambered Blade section for Turbines

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Employing Airfoils

Compressor Airfoils

Turbine Airfoil

T- 6 blade section

15

AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IIT, B Lect-1

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Employing Airfoils

a) Normal b) Excessive turning c) Excessive Stagger

Diffusing Flow in Axial Compressor Passages

16

Lect-1 AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IITB

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Employing Airfoils

Accelerating Flow in a Turbine Passage

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AE 651- Prof Bhaskar Roy, IITB Lect-1