a theoretical framework Marilyn Johnson and Lyndal Bugeja 13 th - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Marilyn Johnson and Lyndal Bugeja 13th Australasian Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Conference Ballarat, 13-15 November 2017

MONASH INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORT STUDIES

The utility and impact of coronial recommendations on improving road safety policy and practice, and preventing deaths – a theoretical framework

Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA)

MONASH INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORT STUDIES

Safety concern

• Deaths on roads in Australia – all modes
• Since 2000, over 23,700 deaths
• Every road-related fatality = medico-legal death investigation
• ~$12 billion per year
• Outcomes:

Coroners: findings, recommendations Criminal penalties  inform public policy  impact injury prevention

Aim

To understand the utility and impact of coronial investigations on improving road safety policy, practice and preventing deaths on Australian roads. Feedback loop: fatality to public policy (Johnson and Bugeja)

pre-crash

• existing factors
• deceased and

counterpart(s)

• e.g. unemployment,

age, alcohol/drug use, emotional state, fatigue

crash

• analysis of major

contributing factors

post-crash

• review coroners'

recommendations, how are they (in)formed, compare recommendations nationally

public policy

• explore how

coroners' recommendations are considered/ responded to by

• rganisations/

government agencies directed to take action

road safety impact

• map coroners'

recommendations

• ver time with high

frequency crash types or cohorts

Overview of research stages

Theoretical framework

Public Policy approach to Injury Prevention

(Bugeja et al, 2011)

Streams approach

(Kingdon, 2003) Prepare injury prevention policy Recognise window of

• pportunity

Create political will Generate problem recognition Catalyse policy action

Must be underpinned by evidence based paradigms

Theoretical framework

Safe System approach

• No death or serious injury on our roads is

acceptable

• No trade-off of health and well-being against
• ther benefits
• Humans make mistakes
• Limits that humans can tolerate violent force
• Road designers and operators responsibility

to build safe roads

• Human mistakes should not cost lives

Safe System

Images: shutterstock.com – 213812086; Roadsafety.gov.au

Normative paradigm

Pre-crash Crash

Pre-road

• behaviour

Experience

A to B

Public policy Impact Post-crash

Hazards Losses System defences

Successive layers of defences, barriers and safeguards Active failures Latent conditions

Reason’s ‘Swiss cheese’ model of causation

Speed Roads Vehicles People ??

Crash Post-crash

Pre-road

• behaviour

Experience

A to B

Public policy Impact Pre-crash

Haddon’s Matrix

Person Vehicle Environment Physical Social Time ↓ Pre-crash: prevention Crash: minimise injury Post-crash: minimise affect

Haddon’s Matrix

Person Vehicle Environment Physical Social Time ↓ Pre-crash: prevention Crash: minimise injury Post-crash: minimise affect

Crash Post-crash Public policy Impact

Pre-road

• behaviour

Experience

A to B

Person Vehicle Environment Physical Social Time ↓ Pre-crash: prevention Crash: minimise injury Post-crash: minimise affect

Pre-crash

Starter Climber Champion

Make cycling possible safe and respectable Get more people on a bicycle Keep people on their bicycles

Ideal

Hardware Software Orgware

Starter Climber Champion

Make cycling possible safe and respectable Get more people on a bicycle Keep people on their bicycles

Ideal

Hardware Orgware Software Safe/Direct Coherent Comfortable/Attractive Hardware

Handbook BFC: www.bikefriendlycities.eu

(Cycle) Infrastructure Signposting Cycle parking Maintenance

Starter Climber Champion

Make cycling possible safe and respectable Get more people on a bicycle Keep people on their bicycles

Ideal

Hardware Orgware Software Safe/Direct Coherent Comfortable/Attractive Co-operation Internal & External Organisation Support Hardware Orgware

Handbook BFC: www.bikefriendlycities.eu

Legislation (Cycle) Infrastructure Policy Signposting Cycle parking Maintenance Processes Responsibilities Organizing stakeholders Budget

marketing Starter Climber Champion

Make cycling possible safe and respectable Get more people on a bicycle Keep people on their bicycles

Ideal

Hardware Orgware Software Safe/Direct Coherent Comfortable/Attractive Imagineering Education Behavior Co-operation Internal & External Organisation Support Hardware Orgware Communication

Handbook BFC: www.bikefriendlycities.eu

Legislation (Cycle) Infrastructure Policy Signposting Cycle parking Marketing Culture Maintenance Processes Responsibilities Organizing stakeholders Budget Software

Crash Post-crash Public policy Impact

Pre-road

• behaviour

Experience

A to B

Pre-crash

Crash Post-crash Public policy Impact

Pre-road

• behaviour

Experience

A to B

Pre-crash

Policy entrepreneurs

(Rawat and Morris, 2016)

Public policy

Prepare injury prevention policy Recognise window of

• pportunity

Create political will Catalyse policy action Generate problem recognition

Public Policy approach to Injury Prevention

(Bugeja et al, 2011)

Streams approach

(Kingdon, 2003)

Underpinned by evidence based paradigms

• Project re-scope, PhD?
• Review of investigations with recommendations nationally
• pre-crash, crash, recommendations (directed agency), response/action
• by jurisdiction, mode
• Government agencies – recommendations directed

Next steps

Thank you

marilyn.johnson@monash.edu