A grip on soil fertilty Using the Wageningen soil system in Africa - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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A grip on soil fertilty Using the Wageningen soil system in Africa - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 15, 2024 132 likes •575 views

Wageningen, The Netherlands A grip on soil fertilty Using the Wageningen soil system in Africa Dr. J.A. (Arjan) Reijneveld What do we want? Optimal yields Yield 17.5 15 12.5 10 7.5 5 2.5 0 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000

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Wageningen, The Netherlands

A grip on soil fertilty

Using the Wageningen soil system in Africa

  • Dr. J.A. (Arjan) Reijneveld
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What do we want?

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Optimal yields

2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050

Yield Years

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High crop quality

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Efficient use of nutrients and water

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CARead more on page 28 of the Soil Atlas for the International Year of Soils 2015: RBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOILS Carbon sequestration in soil ?

http://globalsoilweek.org/soilatlas‐2015

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What do we need?

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High soil fertility

= Nutrient and water holding and

supplying capacity of the soil

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Soil fertility

Chemical N, S, P, K, Mg, Ca Mn, Cu, B, Fe… Physical texture Organic matter CEC, pH, soil structure … Biological Soil nematodes Fungi Bacterial …

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How to establish soil fertility?

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Soil test

Routine soil tests: from the beginning of 20th century

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Soil tests:

until recently

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Soil analysis: until recently

  • Many different, time consuming, chemical analysis
  • Need to set up a fully equipped laboratory
  • Expensive
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Soil tests:

Nowadays

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Concept (1)

  • Intensity

Plant Available 0.01 M CaCl2

  • Buffering power

Soil supplying capacity

  • Quantity

Soil stock Near Infra Red (NIR)

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Concept (2)

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Plant availabe nutrients

CaCl2

  • DON
  • NO3
  • NH4
  • S
  • P
  • K
  • Mg
  • Na

And also Si, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, B, Mo, Se Introducing Cd, Al, etc.

Based on e.g. Houba et al 1990., Van Erp 2002, Van Rotterdam-Los 2009, Ros 2011,

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Soil stock

Soil in jar of glass, analysed with near infra red method (NIR) In < 20 secondes

> 20 soil characteristics

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NIR soil characteristics

Chemical Physical Biology N‐total soil stock pH Soil Life* S‐total soil stock Total Carbon (TOC) P‐total soil stock Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) P‐soil stock Soil Organic Matter (SOM) K‐soil stock Clay Ca‐total soil stock Silt Ca‐soil stock Sand Mg‐soil stock Effective CEC Na‐soil stock

And of course C/N ratio, C/S ratio, Saturation, and more

* Bases on Potential Mineralizable Nitrogen (PMN method)

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From analysis to report

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Report

So only 2 methods (CaCl2 and NIR)

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  • Soil characteristics
  • Fertilization recommendation (crop based)
  • >100 crops and varieties
  • Soil fertility recommendation (soil based)
  • Yield Potential
  • Organic matter balance
  • Soil structure (soil slaking, soil fracturing, risk on wind erosion)
  • Water retention curve (pF-curve) (water management)

On the report

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P

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Phosphorus (P)

Imroved P-status = improved root development = better uptake of nutrients, and less drought sensitive P recommendation with Wageningen University

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Plant available and supplying capacity

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Organic matter

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Soil organic matter (SOM) status

Among others:

  • Improved soil workability
  • Less drought sensitive
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Decline in SOM content

West P C et al. PNAS 2010; 107: 19645-19648

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Soil organic matter (SOM) balance

2.9 % SOM

mineralisation Input through crop residues Shortage, to be filled in with animal manure, compost, green manuring…

.

Not only a measurement but also information about maintaining soil organic matter content (balance)

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Soil structure

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Risk of problems with soil structure ?

Calcium treatment 0 – treatment Potassium treatment reatment

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Water!

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On every report: water retention curve

How much mm of water can be irrigated (maximum level) (based on water holding capacity) Too much irrigation

  • water will leach to deeper soil layers
  • nutrients will leach
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Soil type

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Soil type: soil texture triangle

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Have your own NIR station

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NIR analysis

  • Analyse soil fertility on YOUR location
  • Send NIR-data to Wageningen, Netherlands
  • < 15 minutes, results back on location
  • We would like to work with you!

Cooperation with Simsoft Development in South Africa

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Working

  • n
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Where to take the soil sample? Differences within a field! Learn from it!

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Manure

Near Infra Red developments

NIR Forage quality from 1995 onwards: > 40 locations worldwide NIR Soil In progress: EC, P saturation, but also Ca and Mg intensity characteristics (instead of CaCl2) Manure analysis with NIR ( project with Wageningen University; same NIR as soil and forage).

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Conclusion

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  • Higher soil fertility = higher production
  • With NIR technique much insight in soil fertilty
  • More insight can be used to optimise
  • Production (yield)
  • Product quality
  • Water use
  • Prudent use of minerals
  • Results of soil tests should be discussed with farmers and

extension services (advisors) to fully exploit its added value

Conclusion:

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Thank you

Arjan Reijneveld Product manager Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Eurofins Agro, Wageningen, The Netherlands M + 31 (0)6 52 00 2 111 Arjan.Reijneveld@eurofins‐agro.com