A Global View of X-ray time lags in Seyfert Galaxies Erin Kara - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ESAC Meeting 9 June 2015 Madrid, Spain A Global View of X-ray time lags in Seyfert Galaxies Erin Kara ekara@ast.cam.ac.uk Collaborators: Will Alston, Andy Fabian, Ed Cackett, Phil Uttley, Abdu Zoghbi, Giorgio Matt, Andrea Marinucci, Dom Walton, Fiona Harrison, Michael Parker

Reverberation with XMM-Newton between 0.3-1 keV and 1-4 keV ➊ 600 ➋ Propagation Reverberation ➊ 400 Lag (s) ➋ 200 0 − 200 10 − 4 5 × 10 − 4 10 − 3 Frequency (Hz) Kotov+04 1500 100 Arevalo+06 [0.6-1.6] × 10 -4 Hz 1250 1000 0 Lag (s) 750 Lag (s) 500 250 0 [3.2-5.2] × 10 -3 Hz − 200 − 250 1 5 10 1 5 10 Energy (keV) Energy (keV) EK+13, also Zoghbi+12,13 Cackett+13, De Marco+13, Emmanoloupolous+14, Uttley+14 for a review

Reverberation with NuSTAR Swift J2127.4+5654 800 1.3 Lag 600 1.2 ratio data/model 400 Lag (s) 1.1 200 1 0 0.9 Spectrum − 200 5 10 20 50 5 10 20 50 Energy (keV) Energy (keV) EK+15, see also Zoghbi+14

A Growing Sample of Reverberation Lag 1 10 Energy (keV) Uttley+14, adapted from EK+14

A Growing Sample of Reverberation Soft excess lag iron K lag Fe K lag 1000 100 lag (s) | τ | (s) 100 10 6 r g 9 r g 2 r g 1 r g 6 r g 1 r g 10 0.1 1 10 0.1 1 10 M BH (10 7 M O . ) M BH (10 7 M ⊙ ) De Marco+13 EK+13

A Global View The Sample • All public XMM-Newton ✔ observations of Seyfert Galaxies • Must be >40 ks exposure • Must have some x variability… González-Martín & Vaughan 12

1 0.3-10 keV F var 0.1 45 sources 0.01 10 5 10 6 10 7 0.3-10 keV total counts

1 0.3-10 keV F var 0.1 25 S1-S1.2 Seyfert Type 12 S1.5 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 8 S1.8-2 0.01 10 5 10 6 10 7 0.3-10 keV total counts

1 0.3-10 keV F var 0.1 0.01 10 5 10 6 10 7 0.3-10 keV total counts

1 0.3-10 keV F var 0.1 13 confirmed iron K lags 0.01 10 5 10 6 10 7 0.3-10 keV total counts

1 NGC4051 IRAS13224-3809 1H0707-495 NGC7314 ARK564 PG1244+026 0.3-10 keV F var MRK335 SWIFTJ2127.4+5654 MS22549-3712 NGC1365 0.1 REJ1034+396 MCG-05-23-16 NGC4151 13 confirmed iron K lags 0.01 10 5 10 6 10 7 0.3-10 keV total counts

1 NGC4051 IRAS13224-3809 1H0707-495 NGC7314 ARK564 PG1244+026 0.3-10 keV F var MRK335 SWIFTJ2127.4+5654 MS22549-3712 NGC1365 0.1 REJ1034+396 MCG-05-23-16 NGC4151 13 tentative iron K lags 0.01 10 5 10 6 10 7 0.3-10 keV total counts

Tentative iron K lags Best case NGC 5506 300 750 400 [3-8] × 10 -5 Hz [8-30] × 10 -5 Hz ** 300 500 200 counts s -1 keV -1 200 250 1 100 Lag (s) Lag (s) Lag (s) 100 0 0 0 −250 −100 −100 −500 0.1 −200 −200 5×10 −5 10 −4 2×10 −4 5×10 −4 1 10 1 10 1 10 Energy (keV) Freq (Hz) Energy (keV) Energy (keV) Worst case NGC 3783 500 1500 200 10 [2-6] × 10 -5 Hz [6-40] × 10 -4 Hz 400 150 1000 300 counts s -1 keV -1 100 200 Lag (s) Lag (s) Lag (s) 1 500 50 100 0 0 0 −50 −100 0.1 −500 −200 −100 10 −4 10 −3 1 10 1 10 1 10 Energy (keV) Freq (Hz) Energy (keV) Energy (keV)

1 NGC4051 IRAS13224-3809 1H0707-495 NGC7314 ARK564 PG1244+026 0.3-10 keV F var MRK335 SWIFTJ2127.4+5654 MS22549-3712 NGC1365 0.1 REJ1034+396 MCG-05-23-16 NGC4151 26 total iron K lags 0.01 10 5 10 6 10 7 0.3-10 keV total counts

Lag-mass relation 1000 Iron K amplitude (s) 9 r g 100 6 r g 1 r g assuming 10 10 6 10 7 10 8 disc inclination Black hole mass (M/M ⊙ ) of 45 deg

Reverberation lag—mass relation 1000 Iron K amplitude (s) 9 r g 100 6 r g 1 r g 10 10 6 10 7 10 8 Black hole mass (M/M ⊙ )

1 NGC4051 IRAS13224-3809 1H0707-495 NGC7314 ARK564 PG1244+026 0.3-10 keV F var MRK335 SWIFTJ2127.4+5654 MS22549-3712 NGC1365 0.1 REJ1034+396 MCG-05-23-16 NGC4151 26 total iron K lags 0.01 10 5 10 6 10 7 0.3-10 keV total counts

1 NGC4051 IRAS13224-3809 1H0707-495 Mrk766 MCG-6-30-15 NGC7314 ARK564 PG1244+026 0.3-10 keV F var MRK335 SWIFTJ2127.4+5654 MS22549-3712 NGC1365 0.1 REJ1034+396 MCG-05-23-16 NGC4151 26 total iron K lags 0.01 10 5 10 6 10 7 0.3-10 keV total counts

MCG-6-30-15 evidence for light bending? First broad iron line Tanaka+95, Fabian+03, Vaughan+03, Miniutti+04, Brenneman+06, Chiang+11, Miyakawa+12, Marinucci+14, …

MCG-6-30-15 100 75 50 Lag (s) 25 0 − 25 Emmanoloupolous+11 − 50 Papadakis+05 2 × 10 − 4 5 × 10 − 4 10 − 3 2 × 10 − 3 5 × 10 − 3 Frequency (Hz) 40 40 (a) [0.7-1.3] × 10 -3 Hz (b) [1.7-3] × 10 -3 Hz 20 20 Lag (s) Lag (s) 0 0 − 20 − 20 old observation old observation − 40 − 40 1 10 1 10 Energy (keV) Energy (keV) EK+14

MCG-6-30-15 mean spectrum 0.01 keV 2 (Photons cm -2 s -1 ) ratio mean/covariance 20 10 10 − 3 5 old observations 1 10 1 10 Energy (keV) Energy (keV) covariance spectra: uncorrelated and/or spectrum contributing to lags non-varying component

Mrk 766

0.8 FPMA 1.4 FPMB 1.2 Ratio 0.6 1 Count rate (s -1 ) pcfabs*pcfabs 0.8 0.4 1.4 1.2 XRT Coverage 0.2 Ratio 1 0 Xillver 0.8 5×10 4 10 5 1.5×10 5 0 Time (s) 1.4 1.2 Ratio Recent 100 ks NuSTAR observation Mrk 766 1 Parker, EK+ in prep Relxilllp 0.8 5 10 20 50 0.1 Energy (keV) data Normalized counts s -1 keV -1 powerlaw model 0.01 10 −3 LF 0.02 10 −4 0.01 normalised excess variance 5 × 10 − 3 1.2 MF Ratio 1 2 × 10 − 3 0.8 5 10 20 50 HF Energy (keV) 10 − 3 0.25 5 × 10 − 4 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 energy [keV] 0.15 F var 0.1 Frequency-resolved rms spectra Arevalo+08 0.05 0 5 10 20 Energy (keV)

Conclusions • Global study of time lags in Seyferts is ongoing • Reverberation (confirmed+tentative) found in 26/45 sources • Most non-detections clearly due to lack of statistics, but two sources—MCG-6-30-15 and Mrk 766—have “should” show reverberation • Further evidence for light bending?