A Fresh New Means To Improve Elimination and Fall Hazard Control - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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A Fresh New Means To Improve Elimination and Fall Hazard Control - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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A Fresh New Means To Improve Elimination and Fall Hazard Control J. Nigel Ellis, CSP and John T. Whitty, PE Competent Person Qualified Person Presentation Objectives Promote collaborative solutions to fall protection challenges

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A Fresh New Means To Improve Elimination and Fall Hazard Control

  • J. Nigel Ellis, CSP and John T. Whitty, PE

“Competent Person”

“Qualified Person”

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congress.nsc.org

Presentation Objectives

  • Promote collaborative solutions to fall protection challenges via

synergistic team involvement – it’s an effort between authorized, competent and qualified persons.

  • Present four specific fall protection hazards to illustrate the
  • utcome of the collaborative process:

– Opening/edge – Standing on top – “No Anchorage” – Aerial Work Platforms – Truck Tarping

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What Function Best Describes Your Role Within Your Company?

A. Health and Safety B. Engineering C. Operations D. Plant Maintenance E. Management F. Other

Health and Safety Engineering Operations Plant Maintenance Management Other

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

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Are The Joists Shown Suitable For Anchorage?

A. Yes B. No

Yes No

0% 0%

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The Answer

  • It Depends!!!
  • Short free fall
  • Overhead mounted SRL or
  • RCD (remote connect/disconnect device)
  • Arresting distance – small (activation +

deceleration)

  • What force to use (5,000 lbs or 2:1)
  • Clearance and pendulum effects
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Rank YOUR Solution Best To Worst For An Air Handler Located Within 4’ Of An Unprotected Edge

A. Move the air handler more than 10’ away from the roof’s unprotected edge. B. Add guard rail around the unprotected edge of the air handler – at least 6’ beyond the equipment in each direction required C. Have anchorage points installed in and around the air handler suitable for one to anchor to. D. Place a raised, flagged line area around the air handler.

M

  • v

e t h e a i r h a n d l e r m

  • r

e t h a n 1 . . . A d d g u a r d r a i l a r

  • u

n d t h e u n p r

  • t

e . . . H a v e a n c h

  • r

a g e p

  • i

n t s i n s t a l l e d i n a . . P l a c e a r a i s e d , f l a g g e d l i n e a r e a a r

  • .

. .

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Any Structural Engineer Can Serve As A Qualified Person

A. True B. False

True False

0% 0%

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All Anchorage Points Must Be Rated For At Least 5,000 Lbs Per Person Attached

A. True B. False

True False

0% 0%

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The Goal!!!

  • Free from RECOGNIZED fall

hazards

  • Proactive NOT Reactive
  • Eliminating Fall hazards

eliminates the need for: – Training – Preventive Maintenance – Troubleshooting – Safety By Design!!!

This facility shall be free from all recognized fall hazards

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Recipe for Success

  • Follow the hierarchy

– Elimination – Prevention – Arrest – Administrative

  • Implement Z359.2 Guidelines for

Manage Approach to Fall Protection

  • Engage the input of those who will risk

their quality of life when using systems implemented

Effectiveness

Eliminate the Hazard (most desired) Prevent the Hazard Active Fall Protection:

Fall Restraint Fall Arrest

Administrative

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Two Approaches To Fall Safety

  • Reactive – a response to an

adverse event

  • Proactive – a systematic

approach to identifying, evaluating and addressing fall hazards

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Fall Hazard Elimination

  • Bring the work down to chest level
  • Needs engineering focus
  • Easy to do on the drawing board
  • The difference between pennies & REAL

dollars

  • Eliminate exposures, reduce durations
  • Fall Hazards are best addressed by

avoidance!

If you eliminate the hazard you eliminate all the training and maintenance challenges associated with it! Keeping the worker’s feet on the ground.

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It’s NOT Just About Compliance

  • Are WE working safely or

just trying to meet the minimum standard???

  • When in doubt, err on the

side of safety

  • What’s minimally required

is not necessarily the safest

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What Are The Costs???

Per OSHA:

  • Falls from Elevations by roofers cost approximately

$106,000 each

  • Falls from Elevations by Carpenters cost over

$97,000 each

  • The average cost of a fall from elevation for all
  • ther occupational classifications was under

$50,000

  • Falls from ladders or scaffolds by roofers cost

approximately $68,000 each

  • Falls from ladders or scaffolds by carpenters cost

nearly $62,000 each.

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Plan the Work – Work the Plan!

  • It’s a systematic process
  • Walk – recognize, document

– Fall Hazard Analysis

  • Plan & choose proper

control measure

  • Orient and Train
  • Observe and Enforce
  • Inspect and Maintain
  • Audit
  • Involve YOUR contractors!!!

Inspection & Maintenance Establish Policy & Develop Rules Walk; Document! Conduct Fall Hazard Analysis Orientation & Training Program

AUDIT

  • B. Arrest

Select Personal Fall Arrest Equip System Eliminate using

  • Eng. Controls OR

Observation, Enforcement Plan & Choose Appropriate Hazard Control Measure

  • A. Prevention

e.g. floors, walls

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What Are You Looking/Asking Us For?

  • Training (30%)
  • Fall Hazard Assessment Surveys (25%)

– Safety Assessment – Engineering Assessment

  • Engineering (20%) – anchor point

surveys most common request

  • Installation (25%)
  • General Industry clients (85%)
  • Construction clients (15%)
  • Average Height of Hazard 30 ft
  • 10% Reactive approach to a

violation, citation, safety audit, injury/fatality

Construction is a LARGE driver in fall protection statistics – low contact in this area Sell the SOLUTION – don’t sell A PRODUCT

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What Do We See?

  • Severe lack of Qualified Persons on staff
  • 40% of “recognized” fall hazards exist without

resolution

  • Inadequate levels of worker/supervisor training
  • Fall protection plans/policies that do not

adequately address Z359 provisions

  • No “real” plans for rescue
  • Systems that are not “effective”
  • Fall arrest control measures are still most

utilized

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What Do We See?

  • Not enough ELIMINATION
  • System FAILURES – resulting in injury or

death

  • Consistent rising/levels statistics of injury

and fatality

  • Incorrect usage of PPE
  • Lack of CP/QP involvement or supervision

When “WE” leave – you have a NEW beginning!!!

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Grab The Low Hanging Fruit?

  • Ladders (20%)
  • Roofs (18%)
  • Same level Falls (15%)
  • Non moving vehicles (12%)
  • Statistics indicate 65% of

the persistent problem areas!!!

  • Focus on these areas!!!

(65% of fatal falls)

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What Does the Qualified Person Bring To The Table?

  • Already trained to the Competent Person Level

– Knows the work involved – means/methods – Familiar with Fall Protection PPE, systems – use, limitations, inspection, etc. – Can stop the work and implement corrective measures

  • Can take loadings associated with fall protection

systems – quantify, design/analyze, validation

  • Up to date with latest methods/systems, etc.
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Recognized Hazard / Solutions

Eliminate

Guard Safety Factor

Redundancy

Reliability

List Hazard Safety

Sol’n

List Hazard

Safety Sol’n

List Hazard

Safety Sol’n

List Hazard Safet y Sol’n Admin

Natural

Human Factors. Ergo Falls, Water

Sequence

Structural/ Mechanical Electrical

Lightning

Chemical

Corrosion

RadiantEnergy

Fire, uv, microwave, nuclear

Biological

Virus

Artificial

Intelligence

Computers Software Failure Rate

A Tool to recognize ALL Worksite Hazards

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Openings and Edges

  • Skylights – an opening in a roof surface –

synthetic materials susceptible to weakening under sustained environmental exposure

  • Critical issue – all skylights degrade!
  • Good – wire screens/protectors
  • Better – perimeter railing
  • Best – skylights properly rated to resist same

level falls!!!

  • 20 year lifetime goal…
  • 300 lbs – lead shot, 10” dia 3’ drop
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Recognized Hazard / Solutions Eliminate Guard Safety Factor Redundancy Reliability

List Hazard Safety Sol’n List Hazard Safety Sol’n List Hazard Safety Sol’n List Hazard Safety Sol’n Admin

Gravity

Fall Remove sky light Fall Screen or curb at 42” Fall

Stronger

skylight Fall Guardrail & cover Planning & surveys

Structural/ Mechanical*

Collapse Cover & secure collapse Burglar bars collapse Test for 97%ile male weight

Fall Through

Screen & bars

Inspect Strength report

Radiant Energy

UV Degrad’n

Firefighter

Access Screen 20 yrs

  • r

Less than 12” gap Crazing at screw holes Screen And

Replace

leaks Test for 20 yrs, Replace

Exposure to

replace Use change-

  • ut tool

Test Miami Dade 5 yrs

*Attractive nuisance

Sit on screen Bounce*

Trampoline

Guard rail Stand on screen Two person screen

Add warnings

*Burglar entry Burglar access Secure access & Grill under dome Fill opening Add grill Screws remove Larger w/tool Two hazards Screen & bars Evaluatburgl ar method *Maintain skylight/screen Replace skylight Use change

  • ut tool

No barrier Use DBI net frame Weak

structure

  • Alum. Ribs in

skylight Not enough protect Add PFAS to Burglar B Design screen limited

  • pening

Use Tool to recognize Skylight Fall Hazards Natural Hazards include Gravity

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Openings and Edges

  • Gable/eave edges of buildings
  • Important to use the right

equipment for the job

  • Know the limitations – Z359.14

can help

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Standing On Top – “No Anchorage”

  • After You GET UP THERE – tie off!!!
  • Common on roofs (20% of fatalities)
  • Using the right equipment for the

job

  • Preplanning is key
  • There is always a way to be

protected

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Standing On Top – “No Anchorage”

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Aerial Work Platforms

  • Ejection Protection – not FP

unless intended for that purpose

  • Proper tethering inside the

basket is crucial – use the right arrangement

  • Transfer from platform to

walking/working surface must be accomplished using 100% FP

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Aerial Work Platforms

  • Is tethering inside a scissor required?

– Not per OSHA? – When the platform is extended – When anchorages are provided – More restrictive company directive – When chains are NOT deployed? – What about chains? – When one’s elbows extend beyond the protective railing

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Recognized Hazard / Solutions Eliminate Guard Safety Factor Redundancy Reliability

List Hazard Safety Sol’n List Hazard Safety Sol’n List Hazard Safety Sol’n List Hazard Safety Sol’n Admin PrePlan

Gravity

Fall out while reaching Restrain Fall while step up on midrail Screen up to 42” Fall while transfer

Wishbone connect, follow procedure

Fall hazard and rescue Guardrail & PFAS, training Train to stay if rocking

Structural/Mechanical

Collapse due to bearing failure Regular maintain check the certs Ejection: Auto impact at base PFAS and self-rescue Collapse boom or tip

  • ver

Check

  • utrigrs fully
  • ut & PFAS

Bucket inverts Restraint and PFAS & rescue method

Inspect Strength report

Structural/Mechanical

Lean on controls near ceiling Lock-out & design of controls Duck under rail: head injury Use swing gate access Lift does not respond to controls Bleed

hydraulics

and/or descent device Anchor Pt too low in bucket Anchor Pt on bucket at 5 ft and or boom Train: instrns for proper use

Structural/Mechanical

Walk mast Prevent access Tip over Outriggers Stalls w/ load & angle Higher capacity lift Tip over Guard and PFAS

Add alarm & warnings

Biological

Attack by bees Remote distance tools Attack by bees PFAS Control Descent Descent not fast enough

Increase

descent speed Attack by bees Add suit and headgear

Electrical

Touch power line Keep 10’ distance per

OSHA & alarm

Touch while

  • n ground

Training stay away or jump

Conduct’n

Use insulatdremo te tools Other

hazards

Increase insulated equip’t tools

David MacCollum: Construction Safety Engineering Principles

Use Tool to recognize Aerial Lift Fall Hazards

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  • Access to elevated loads
  • Tarping required for transport
  • Involves worker elevated access over

4+ feet up to approximately 13’

  • Prevention means involves the use
  • f platforms and guard rail systems

– Reducing gaps/holes/tripping hazards – No access required atop/on the load

Truck Tarping – 1 of 3

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  • May incorporate

combination systems of platforms AND active fall protection systems

  • Overhead rigid rail

systems – no flexible systems for flat bed level

  • Active systems can be

used in other forms of truck access

Truck Tarping – 2 of 3

Owner’s liability for driver/operator

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Truck Tarping – 3 of 3

  • Elimination

– Retractable Tarp systems – Rolling systems – Flip systems

  • Tarping methods

– Over the rear (along length) – Perpendicular (across trailer)

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Workplace Design Solutions - NiOSH

  • Prevention through the design of

embedded safety features

  • Stresses importance of design safety

reviews – Don’t import fall hazards

  • Examples such as:

– Embeds for guard rails – Embedded roof anchorages – Straps embedded in concrete

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Workplace Design Solutions - NiOSH

  • Specific recommendations

– During retrofit or new projects perform a safety design review – identify tasks that could involve fall hazards over the life of the facility – Consult with professional engineer to install new features or retrofit older buildings with permanent embedded safety features – In new construction have a qualified person prepare a drawing indicating locations of anchorage points – Ensure competent person inspection prior and during use

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Workplace Design Solutions - NiOSH

  • Specific recommendations

– Have any existing embedded fall arrest systems field tested by a qualified testing entity. – Ensure a competent person inspects and evaluates fall arrest systems regularly for damage.

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Escalators Free Standing in Malls and Airports

An unrecognized Hazard is in our midst!!!

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Escalator Picture 2

Belt speed 18”/sec 17 X

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Escalator Picture 3

40 ft Hidden from self- supported Escalator

  • wners in

North America & labeled as “Misuse” Involuntary Hoisting

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In Conclusion

  • Fall Hazards have and continue to be the

leading cause of death and injury in the workplace

  • Embrace the Fall Protection Code – Z359
  • Employ a Managed Approach Fall Protection
  • Follow the hierarchy
  • Make Elimination Priority ONE!!!
  • Leverage the Competent and Qualified

Person relationship to maximum program effectiveness and success

  • Fall Hazard reduction is the KEY!!!
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Questions???

  • www.fallsafety.com
  • Nigel Ellis – dsc@fallsafety.com
  • John Whitty – john@fallsafety.com

Thank You!!!