A Curious Case of “Consent Button” [... neither do I want to accept, nor decline ...] Nurul Momen & Lothar Fritsch Karlstad University 19 July, 2019. HotPETs, KTH, Stockholm 1 / 15
I want to find an app to wash my hands ... Image source: running faucet by Steve Johnson (CC-BY-2.0) 2 / 15
What happens next? ◮ Personal data access: a lot more than a user can observe. ◮ Partial identities can be extracted from privilege usage data. Paper I. How much Privilege does an App Need? Investigating Resource Usage of Android Apps ; N Momen, T Pulls, L Fritsch, and S Lindskog; In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST), Calgary, Canada, August 28-30 , IEEE, 2017. Paper II. Derived Partial Identities Generated from App Permissions ; L Fritsch, and N Momen; In Proceedings of the Open Identity Summit 2017; Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI) 277, ISSN 1617-5468, ISBN 978-3-88579-671-8, October 05–06, 2017; Karlstad, Sweden. , Gesellschaft f¨ ur Informatik e.V., 2017. 3 / 15
Good and bad behavior of apps 1. Requirement types (price): what does it ask for & how much of the privilege is being used? 2. Legal requirements: does it comply with the regulations? 3. Crowd-sourced user feedback: what do other users think? 4 / 15
Let’s judge an apps’ behavior ... ix. Fitbit: 20 (9/3/3/T) [Threat count, T=5] SMS CALENDAR SENSORS CALL_LOG Legend Permission-groups requested in Manifest. Clarification missing in privacy policy. Permission access whithout user interaction during runtime. STORAGE CAMERA PHONE CONTACTS MICROPHONE LOCATION Paper III: A Multilateral Privacy Impact Analysis Method for Android Apps ; M Hatamian, N Momen, L Fritsch, K Rannenberg; In Proceedings of Annual Privacy Forum 2019 , Rome, Italy, page 87-106. 5 / 15
Let’s compare with other apps ... i. Lifesum: 13 (5/3/4/T) [Threat count, T=1] ii. Endomondo: 9 (5/0/2/T) [Threat count, T=2] iii. 30dayFitnessChal.: 6 (2/2/0/T) [Threat count, T=2] iv. Runkeeper: 19 (6/4/3/T) [Threat count, T=6] SMS CALENDAR SMS CALENDAR SMS CALENDAR SMS CALENDAR SENSORS CALL_LOG SENSORS CALL_LOG SENSORS CALL_LOG SENSORS CALL_LOG STORAGE CAMERA STORAGE CAMERA STORAGE CAMERA STORAGE CAMERA PHONE CONTACTS PHONE CONTACTS PHONE CONTACTS PHONE CONTACTS MICROPHONE LOCATION MICROPHONE LOCATION MICROPHONE LOCATION MICROPHONE LOCATION v. Pedometer: 13 (6/3/2/T) [Threat count, T=2] vi. MyFitnessPal: 9 (6/2/0/T) [Threat count, T=1] vii. Runtastic: 15 (6/1/4/T) [Threat count, T=4] viii. 7minsWorkout: 6 (2/2/0/T) [Threat count, T=2] SMS CALENDAR SMS CALENDAR SMS CALENDAR SMS CALENDAR SENSORS CALL_LOG SENSORS CALL_LOG SENSORS CALL_LOG SENSORS CALL_LOG STORAGE CAMERA STORAGE CAMERA STORAGE CAMERA STORAGE CAMERA PHONE CONTACTS PHONE CONTACTS PHONE CONTACTS PHONE CONTACTS MICROPHONE LOCATION MICROPHONE LOCATION MICROPHONE LOCATION MICROPHONE LOCATION ix. Fitbit: 20 (9/3/3/T) [Threat count, T=5] x. GoogleFit: 10 (5/0/3/T) [Threat count, T=2] SMS CALENDAR SMS CALENDAR SENSORS CALL_LOG SENSORS CALL_LOG Legend Permission-groups requested in Manifest. Clarification missing in privacy policy. STORAGE CAMERA STORAGE CAMERA Permission access whithout user interaction during runtime. PHONE CONTACTS PHONE CONTACTS MICROPHONE LOCATION MICROPHONE LOCATION Paper III: A Multilateral Privacy Impact Analysis Method for Android Apps ; M Hatamian, N Momen, L Fritsch, K Rannenberg; In Proceedings of Annual Privacy Forum 2019 , Rome, Italy, page 87-106. 6 / 15
But, apps change requirements! Pre-GDPR collection GDPR Quarantine period Quarantine period Post-GDPR collection May 25, 2018 Mar 2017 Dec 2018 Feb 2019 Nov 2017 t Permission use Permission use Permission manifest Permission manifest User concerns User concerns Data collection Overview of data collection periods. Paper IV: Did app privacy improve after GDPR? N Momen, M Hatamian, L Fritsch; To appear in IEEE Security Privacy Magazine 2019. 7 / 15
8 / 15 Paper IV: Did app privacy improve after GDPR? N Momen, M Hatamian, L Fritsch; To appear in IEEE Security Privacy Magazine 2019. A B C D E F G H I J iHeartRadio (1) + - JangoRadio (2) - PlayMusic (3) - - - Deezer (4) Music apps BBCiPlayer (5) SongFlip (6) Tidal (7) - - - + Shazam (8) - - + - SoundCloud (9) - - Spotify (10) - - Weather&Radar (11) - - Yr (12) PalmaryWeather (13) - - - YahooWeather (14) - - - - - Weather apps Weather&Clock (15) - WeatherBug (16) - GoWeather (17) - WeatherApp (18) - - - Accuweather (19) - + - weather.com (20) - - - GoogleFit (21) - - MyFitnessPal (22) + 7 minWorkout (23) Fitbit (24) - - Fitness apps 30dayFitness (25) Endomodo (26) - + < Reduced Lifesum (27) + Not used Runtastic (28) Added - In use Pedometer (29) - Runkeeper (30) + + Change of privilege-requirements TikTok (31) + - + - Tumblr (32) Linkedin (33) - Foursquare (34) Social apps Pinterest (35) + - - Slack (36) Snapchat (37) - Twitter (38) Instagram (39) Facebook (40) WhatsApp (41) Hangout (42) Line (43) Communication apps WeChat (44) - + Imo (45) - - Messenger (46) Skype (47) - - Tango (48) - Viber (49) - Telegram (50) - R G A S N E E S S E A O R T O N N R M G D E C O O O A L I S N _ M A T H H S R L A N O E A T P P L L C N C O E T A A O S C O R S C L C C I M
9 / 15 Paper IV: Did app privacy improve after GDPR? N Momen, M Hatamian, L Fritsch; To appear in IEEE Security Privacy Magazine 2019. K K L M N O P Q R S T -100 iHeartRadio (1) 5 4 JangoRadio (2) 48 48 PlayMusic (3) -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -13 -13 -13 -13 100 100 -13 -13 100 100 -90 Deezer (4) Music apps BBCiPlayer (5) 16 16 36 36 -80 SongFlip (6) Tidal (7) 10 10 2 Shazam (8) -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -25 -25 -40 -40 -41 -41 -70 SoundCloud (9) 10 10 14 14 -73.91 -73.91 Spotify (10) -20 -20 -58.97 -58.97 -60 Weather&Radar (11) -5 -5 -75 -75 Yr (12) -94.87 -94.87 -96.15 -96.15 PalmaryWeather (13) 11.63 11.63 -55.88 -55.88 -50 YahooWeather (14) -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -45.1 -45.1 -100 -100 -26 -26 -100 -100 -30 -30 -68.6 -68.6 Weather apps Weather&Clock (15) -85.71 -85.71 100 100 37.5 37.5 -40 WeatherBug (16) -100 -100 -12 -12 -15 -15 GoWeather (17) -100 -100 -9 -9 -5 -5 -10 -10 WeatherApp (18) -100 -100 -15 -15 -13 -13 -30 Accuweather (19) -100 -100 10 10 -6 -6 weather.com (20) -100 -100 -15 -15 -15 -15 -26 -26 -20 GoogleFit (21) -100 -100 -100 -100 100 100 -20 -20 -75 -75 -100 -100 -98.94 -98.94 MyFitnessPal (22) -100 -100 -100 -100 7 minWorkout (23) -8 -8 -10 Fitbit (24) -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -85 -85 40 40 65.76 65.76 Fitness apps 30dayFitness (25) -100 -100 -16 -16 0 Endomodo (26) 7 7 -86.36 -86.36 Lifesum (27) 100 100 10 10 -83.91 -83.91 -71.74 -71.74 Runtastic (28) 100 100 43.72 43.72 100 100 100 100 10 Pedometer (29) 100 100 60 60 Runkeeper (30) 100 100 -97.4 -97.4 -75 -75 -100 -100 Change of privilege usage pattern 20 TikTok (31) 3 -76 -76 Tumblr (32) -100 -100 -26 -26 -26 -26 -10 -10 Linkedin (33) 100 100 -92.59 -92.59 30 Foursquare (34) 83.33 83.33 100 100 100 100 Social apps Pinterest (35) -14 -14 40 Slack (36) -7 -7 -16 -16 Snapchat (37) -100 -100 -100 -100 -15 -15 -30 -30 Twitter (38) -8 -8 85.71 85.71 16.67 16.67 50 Instagram (39) -28 -28 -36 -36 Facebook (40) -100 -100 -100 -100 71.05 71.05 3 -67.86 -67.86 100 100 100 100 60 WhatsApp (41) -100 -100 -17 -17 9 28.95 28.95 -73 -73 -68.29 -68.29 Hangout (42) -33.33 -33.33 100 100 -58.54 -58.54 -21.95 -21.95 41.46 41.46 -98.29 -98.29 -56.63 -56.63 Line (43) 100 100 100 100 1 8 8 20 20 70 Communication apps WeChat (44) -92.31 -92.31 -100 -100 100 100 100 100 2.44 2.44 100 100 Imo (45) -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -100 -6 -6 31.76 31.76 100 100 -13 -13 44.19 44.19 80 Messenger (46) 100 100 100 100 Skype (47) -100 -100 -100 -100 -29 -29 37 37 -16 -16 75.76 75.76 Tango (48) -43 -43 4 -42 -42 -89 -89 90 Viber (49) -100 -100 -13 -13 81.25 81.25 -58.62 -58.62 -47 -47 -82.61 -82.61 Telegram (50) -68.42 -68.42 -59.52 -59.52 -56.52 -56.52 -82.22 -82.22 100 R G A S N E E S S E A O R T O N N R M G D E C O O O A L I S N _ M A T H H S R L A N O E A T P P L L C N C O E T A A O S C O R S C L C C I M
Wait, wait ... That’s a lot to consider! How can a user re-evaluate decisions taken earlier with ease? 10 / 15
Accept Maybe Decline Confused? I don’t know! 11 / 15
Confused? I don’t know! So, maybe? Accept Maybe Decline Paper V: Partial Commitment–“Try Before You Buy” and “Buyer’s Remorse” for Personal Data in Big Data Machine Learning ; L Fritsch; IFIP International Conference on Trust Management, page 3-11. 11 / 15
Partial commitment Consent with an expiry date. Consent for a subset of data. Consent for limited access. 12 / 15
At expiration? Evaluation of privacy-preserving-performance. Decision to continue or revoke access. Intervenability. 13 / 15
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