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A Comparison of energy efficiency for UWB Modulations Adil ELABBOUBI, Fouzia ELBAHHAR, Marc HEDDEBAUT, Yassine ELHILLALI 1 2 Outline Objectives UWB modulations descriptive The system model UWB modulations comparative

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A Comparison of energy efficiency for UWB Modulations

Adil ELABBOUBI, Fouzia ELBAHHAR, Marc HEDDEBAUT, Yassine ELHILLALI

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Outline

  • Objectives
  • UWB modulations descriptive
  • The system model
  • UWB modulations comparative
  • Conclusions and perspectives

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Objectives (1/2)

Green Communication:

ο‚› The growing demand of data from mobile

networks users greater energy consumption and greater 𝐷𝑃2 rejections.

ο‚› Researchers presented a concept called β€œGreen

communications”.

ο‚› The key techniques of Green Communication are:

ο‚›

Cognitive Radio: improve the spectrum utilization efficiency and the network transmission performance.

ο‚›

Network coding: remove the redundant routes optimize the throughput the effect of energy and bandwidth saving.

ο‚›

Smart Grid: the combination of new communication techniques, hardware and software optimization to save energy.

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Objectives (2/2)

ο‚›This work is a part of the third category of green

communications techniques.

ο‚›The UWB system is chosen:

ο‚› low energy consumption ο‚› low complexity.

ο‚›Using an Analytical model to compare the energy

consumption of modulation techniques.

ο‚›Comparing the energy efficiency of some commonly

used UWB modulations in a multi-path environment.

efficient modulation for future applications.

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UWB modulations descriptive (1/3)

PPM (Pulse Position Modulation):

ο‚› Transmitting a short pulse with a delay in time

if the transmitted bit is 1.

ο‚› The PPM signal:

𝑑 =

𝐹𝑒 𝑂𝑑

π‘ž(𝑒 βˆ’ π‘˜π‘ˆ

𝑔 βˆ’ 𝑑 π‘˜π‘ˆ 𝑑 βˆ’ 𝑒[π‘˜ 𝑂𝑑

]πœ€)

+∞ π‘˜=βˆ’βˆž

ο‚› The duration of a pulse: π‘ˆ

π‘ž and the

bandwidth: B= 1

π‘ˆ

π‘ž.

ο‚› π‘ˆ

𝑔=π›Ύπ‘ˆ π‘ž (𝛾 > 100), the symbol duration:

π‘ˆ

𝑑 = π‘‚π‘‘π‘ˆ 𝑔

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UWB modulations descriptive(2/3)

PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation)

ο‚› Transmitting a short pulse with different level

  • f Amplitude for 0 and 1.

ο‚› The PAM signal:

𝑑 =

𝐹𝑒 𝑂𝑑

𝐡𝑒[π‘˜ 𝑂𝑑

]π‘ž(𝑒 βˆ’ π‘˜π‘ˆ 𝑔 βˆ’ 𝑑 π‘˜π‘ˆ 𝑑) +∞ π‘˜=βˆ’βˆž

,

𝐹𝑒 𝑂𝑑 𝐡𝑒[π‘˜ 𝑂𝑑 ] is one of the

possible amplitude, 𝐡𝑒[π‘˜ 𝑂𝑑

] = 2d π‘˜ 𝑂𝑑

βˆ’ 3 and 𝐹𝑒 = 𝐹𝑏𝑀 3 ο‚› Parameters are defined like the PPM case.

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UWB modulations descriptive (3/3)

PSM (Pulse Shape Modulation):

ο‚› Transmitting a short pulse with two different

waveforms for 0 and 1.

ο‚› The PSM signal: 𝑑 =

𝐹𝑒 𝑂𝑑

𝑄𝑒[π‘˜ 𝑂𝑑

](𝑒 βˆ’ π‘˜π‘ˆ 𝑔 βˆ’ 𝑑 π‘˜π‘ˆ 𝑑) +∞ π‘˜=βˆ’βˆž

with 𝑄𝑒[π‘˜ 𝑂𝑑

] is one of the

possible waveforms. ο‚› Parameters are similar to the PPM’s ones.

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The system Model (1/2)

ο‚› The time duration to transmit N bit: π‘ˆ = π‘ˆ

𝑏𝑑 +

π‘ˆπ‘‘π‘š + π‘ˆπ‘’π‘ 

ο‚› The energy needed to transmit N bit:

𝐹 = 𝑄

π‘π‘‘π‘ˆ 𝑏𝑑 + π‘„π‘‘π‘šπ‘ˆπ‘‘π‘š + π‘„π‘’π‘ π‘ˆπ‘’π‘  (𝑄 𝑏𝑑 ≫ π‘„π‘‘π‘š β‡’ π‘„π‘‘π‘š = 0)

ο‚› The total energy consumed to transmit 1 bit : 𝐹𝑏 = (𝑄𝑒+𝑄𝑑)π‘ˆ

𝑏𝑑+π‘„π‘’π‘ π‘ˆ 𝑒𝑠

𝑂

𝑄𝑒: the transmission power, 𝑄

𝑑=𝑄𝑑𝑒+𝑄 𝑑𝑠 : the power of the

transceiver circuitry.

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The system Model (2/2)

ο‚› For transmission: 𝑄𝑑𝑒 = 𝑄

π‘žπ‘• + 𝑄 π‘π‘›π‘ž + 𝑄 π‘”π‘—π‘šπ‘’ 𝑄

π‘π‘›π‘ž = α𝑄𝑒 (Ξ± = ΞΎ Ξ· βˆ’ 1)

ο‚› For PAM and PPM:

𝑄

𝑑𝑠 = 𝑄𝑀𝑂𝐡 + 𝑄𝑛𝑗𝑦 + π‘„π‘—π‘œπ‘’ + 𝑄 π‘žπ‘• + 𝑄 π‘”π‘—π‘šπ‘  + 𝑄 𝐡𝐸𝐷

ο‚› For PSM:

𝑄

𝑑𝑠 = 𝑄𝑀𝑂𝐡 + 2(𝑄𝑛𝑗𝑦 + π‘„π‘—π‘œπ‘’) + 𝑄 π‘žπ‘• + 𝑄 π‘”π‘—π‘šπ‘  + 𝑄 𝐡𝐸𝐷

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UWB modulations comparative (1/10)

The average BER in a UWB channel for PPM and PSM: 𝑄

𝑓 =

𝑅 𝑇𝑂𝑆. 𝑦 𝑔

β„Ž 𝑦 𝑒𝑦 +∞

After approximations:

ο‚› In case of non-severe fading: 𝑄

𝑓 ≀ 2π‘œβˆ’1π‘œ! π‘‡π‘‚π‘†π‘œ exp

(π‘œ2 𝜏2

2 βˆ’

π‘œπœˆ) βˆ€ π‘œ ∈ 𝑂 (Lognormal approximation)

ο‚› In case of severe fading: 𝑄

𝑓 β‰ˆ π‘žΞ»1+(1βˆ’π‘ž)Ξ»2 𝑇𝑂𝑆

(coxian approximation)

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UWB modulations comparative (2/10)

ο‚› π‘ˆ 𝑑 = π‘‚π‘‘π‘ˆ 𝑔, so π‘ˆ 𝑑 = 𝛾 𝐢. π‘ˆ 𝑏𝑑 = π‘‚π‘ˆ 𝑑 thus π‘ˆ 𝑏𝑑 = 𝑂𝛾 𝐢 (𝑂𝑑 = 1) ο‚› In case of non-severe fading for n=1:

𝑄

𝑓 = 1 𝑇𝑂𝑆 exp

(

𝜏2 2 βˆ’ 𝜈) so SNR= 1 𝑄𝑓 exp

(

𝜏2 2 βˆ’ 𝜈)

SNR=

𝐹𝑑 𝑂0 = 𝐹𝑒 𝐻𝑒𝑂0 = π‘„π‘’π‘ˆ

𝑑

𝐻𝑒𝑂0 then π‘„π‘’π‘ˆ 𝑑 = 𝑂0 1 𝑄𝑓 exp

(

𝜏2 2 βˆ’ 𝜈)𝐻𝑒 (𝐻𝑒 = π‘π‘šπ‘’π‘™π»1)

π‘„π‘’π‘ˆ

𝑏𝑑 = 𝑂0 1 𝑄𝑓 exp

(

𝜏2 2 βˆ’ 𝜈)𝐻𝑒N ο‚› Total energy consumption:

  • 𝐹𝑏,𝑄𝑄𝑁 = (1 + Ξ±)𝑂0

1 𝑄𝑓 exp

(

𝜏2 2 βˆ’ 𝜈)𝐻𝑒+ 𝑄𝑑,π‘„π‘„π‘βˆ’π‘„π‘π‘›π‘ž π‘ˆ

𝑏𝑑

𝑂

  • 𝐹𝑏,𝑄𝑇𝑁 = (1 + Ξ±)𝑂0

1 𝑄𝑓 exp

(

𝜏2 2 βˆ’ 𝜈)𝐻𝑒+ 𝑄𝑑,π‘„π‘‡π‘βˆ’π‘„π‘π‘›π‘ž π‘ˆ

𝑏𝑑

𝑂

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UWB modulations comparative (3/10)

ο‚› In case of severe fading: 𝑄

𝑓 β‰ˆ π‘žΞ»1+(1βˆ’π‘ž)Ξ»2 𝑇𝑂𝑆

so 𝑇𝑂𝑆 = π‘žΞ»1+(1βˆ’π‘ž)Ξ»2

𝑄𝑓

SNR= 𝐹𝑑

𝑂0 = 𝐹𝑒 𝐻𝑒𝑂0 = π‘„π‘’π‘ˆ

𝑑

𝐻𝑒𝑂0 then π‘„π‘’π‘ˆ 𝑑 = 𝑂0 π‘žΞ»1+(1βˆ’π‘ž)Ξ»2 𝑄𝑓

𝐻𝑒 π‘„π‘’π‘ˆ

𝑏𝑑 = 𝑂0 π‘žΞ»1+(1βˆ’π‘ž)Ξ»2 𝑄𝑓

𝐻𝑒𝑂

ο‚› Total energy consumption:

  • 𝐹𝑏,𝑄𝑄𝑁 = (1 + Ξ±)𝑂0

π‘žΞ»1+(1βˆ’π‘ž)Ξ»2 𝑄

𝑓

𝐻𝑒+

𝑄𝑑,π‘„π‘„π‘βˆ’π‘„π‘π‘›π‘ž π‘ˆ

𝑏𝑑

𝑂

  • 𝐹𝑏,𝑄𝑇𝑁 = (1 + Ξ±)𝑂0

π‘žΞ»1+(1βˆ’π‘ž)Ξ»2 𝑄

𝑓

𝐻𝑒+

𝑄𝑑,π‘„π‘‡π‘βˆ’π‘„π‘π‘›π‘ž π‘ˆ

𝑏𝑑

𝑂

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UWB modulations comparative (4/10)

The average BER in a UWB channel for PAM:

𝑄

𝑓 = 𝑅

2𝑇𝑂𝑆. 𝑦 𝑔

β„Ž 𝑦 𝑒𝑦 +∞

After approximations :

ο‚› In case of non-severe fading: 𝑄 𝑓 ≀ 2π‘œβˆ’1π‘œ! (2𝑇𝑂𝑆)π‘œ exp

(π‘œ2 𝜏2

2 βˆ’ π‘œπœˆ)

βˆ€ π‘œ ∈ 𝑂 (Lognormal approximation)

ο‚› In case of severe fading: 𝑄 𝑓 β‰ˆ π‘žΞ»1+(1βˆ’π‘ž)Ξ»2 2𝑇𝑂𝑆

(coxian approximation)

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UWB modulations comparative (5/10)

ο‚› we have π‘ˆ 𝑑 = π‘‚π‘‘π‘ˆ 𝑔, so π‘ˆ 𝑑 = 𝛾 𝐢. π‘ˆ 𝑏𝑑 = π‘‚π‘ˆ 𝑑 thus π‘ˆ 𝑏𝑑 = 𝑂𝛾 𝐢 ο‚› In case of non-severe fading for n=1:

𝑄

𝑓 = 1 2𝑇𝑂𝑆 exp

(

𝜏2 2 βˆ’ 𝜈) Alors SNR= 1 2𝑄𝑓 exp

(

𝜏2 2 βˆ’ 𝜈)

SNR=

𝐹𝑑 𝑂0 = 𝐹𝑒 𝐻𝑒𝑂0 = π‘„π‘’π‘ˆ

𝑑

𝐻𝑒𝑂0 donc π‘„π‘’π‘ˆ 𝑑= 𝑂0 1 2𝑄𝑓 exp 𝜏2 2 βˆ’ 𝜈 𝐻𝑒

π‘„π‘’π‘ˆ

𝑏𝑑 = 𝑂0 1 2𝑄𝑓 exp

(

𝜏2 2 βˆ’ 𝜈)𝐻𝑒N ο‚› Total energy consumption:

𝐹𝑏 = (1 + Ξ±)𝑂0

1 2𝑄𝑓 exp

(𝜏2

2 βˆ’ 𝜈)𝐻𝑒+ 𝑄𝑑,π‘„π΅π‘βˆ’π‘„π‘π‘›π‘ž π‘ˆ

𝑏𝑑

𝑂

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UWB modulations comparative (6/10)

ο‚› In case of severe fading: 𝑄

𝑓 β‰ˆ π‘žΞ»1+(1βˆ’π‘ž)Ξ»2 2𝑇𝑂𝑆

so 𝑇𝑂𝑆 = π‘žΞ»1+(1βˆ’π‘ž)Ξ»2

2𝑄𝑓

SNR= 𝐹𝑑

𝑂0 = 𝐹𝑒 𝐻𝑒𝑂0 = π‘„π‘’π‘ˆ

𝑑

𝐻𝑒𝑂0 then π‘„π‘’π‘ˆ 𝑑 = 𝑂0 π‘žΞ»1+(1βˆ’π‘ž)Ξ»2 2𝑄𝑓

𝐻𝑒

π‘„π‘’π‘ˆ

𝑏𝑑 = 𝑂0 π‘žΞ»1+(1βˆ’π‘ž)Ξ»2 2𝑄𝑓

𝐻𝑒𝑂

ο‚› Total energy consumption:

  • 𝐹𝑏,𝑄𝐡𝑁 = (1 + Ξ±)𝑂0 π‘žΞ»1+(1βˆ’π‘ž)Ξ»2

2𝑄𝑓

𝐻𝑒+

𝑄𝑑,π‘„π΅π‘βˆ’π‘„π‘π‘›π‘ž π‘ˆ

𝑏𝑑

𝑂

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UWB modulations comparative (7/10)

Simulation parameters:

𝑔

𝑑 = 4 π»πΌπ‘Ž

Ξ· = 0.6 𝑙 = 3.5 𝑂0 = βˆ’170dBm/Hz 𝐢 = 500 π‘πΌπ‘Ž 𝑂 = 106 𝑄

π‘žπ‘• = 25.2 𝑛𝑋

𝑄𝑀𝑂𝐡 = 7.68 𝑛𝑋 𝑄𝑛𝑗𝑦 = 15 𝑛𝑋 π‘„π‘—π‘œπ‘’ = 2.5 𝑛𝑋 𝑄

𝐡𝐸𝐷 = 7.6 𝑛𝑋

π‘„π‘Šπ»π΅ = 12 𝑛𝑋 𝑄𝐹𝐸 = 10.8 𝑛𝑋 𝑄

π‘”π‘—π‘šπ‘’ = 𝑄 π‘”π‘—π‘šπ‘’π‘ 

= 2.5 𝑛𝑋 π‘π‘š = 40 𝑒𝐢 𝐻1 = 28 𝑒𝐢 𝑄

𝑓 = 10βˆ’3

𝛾=500 𝜈 = βˆ’0.0039 𝜏 = 0.6883 Ξ»1 = 4.9 Ξ»2 = 65.44 p=1.0617 d=10

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UWB modulations comparative (8/10)

Non-severe fading Severe fading

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UWB modulations comparative (9/10)

Non-severe fading Severe fading

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UWB modulations comparative (10/10)

Non-severe fading (𝐻𝑒 = π‘π‘šπ‘’π‘™π»1) Severe fading (𝐻𝑒 = π‘π‘šπ‘’π‘™π»1)

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Conclusion and perspectives

  • PAM is a good candidate for green

modulation:

  • Energy Effeciency.
  • Low hardware complexity.

Perspectives

  • Short term:
  • Testing the model in multi-user environement
  • finding the energy efficient spreading sequences.
  • Long term:
  • Using the results to design an energy efficient railway balise.

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Aknowledgment

We thank the Railenium test & research for their participation to support this work.

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Thank you for your attention

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