UWB Non-Coher UWB Non- Coherent High Data ent High Data UWB - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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UWB Non- UWB Non-Coher Coherent High Data ent High Data UWB Non- UWB Non-Coher Coherent High Data ent High Data Rates Transceiver Rates Transceiver Rates Transceiver Rates Transceiver Architecture and Implementation

Architecture and Implementation Architecture and Implementation Architecture and Implementation

RF studies:

• J. B. Doré, S. Mallégol

Signal processing:

• S. Paquelet, L. M. Aubert, B. Uguen

(mallegol@tcl.ite.mee.com)

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 1

"How to transmit hundreds of megabit with impulse radio?" "How to transmit hundreds of megabit with impulse radio?"

• Principles

Principles

• Impulse radio based solution duplicated on multiple sub-bands
• Asynchronous treatments energetic detector instead of correlations
• Performance study

Performance study

• 600 Mbit/s @ 3 meters, 150 Mbit/s @ 10 meters
• matches IEEE 802.15.3a requirements
• Implementation sketches

Implementation sketches

• Use existing analog devices

General Purpose General Purpose General Purpose General Purpose

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 2

Presentation progress Presentation progress Presentation progress Presentation progress

Outline

Outline

• Principles and performances

Principles and performances

• Transceiver architecture

Transceiver architecture

• Transceiver implementation

Transceiver implementation

• Conclusion and prospects

Conclusion and prospects

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 3

Presentation progress Presentation progress Presentation progress Presentation progress

Outline

Outline

• Principles and performances

Principles and performances

• Transceiver architecture

Transceiver architecture

• Transceiver implementation

Transceiver implementation

• Conclusion and prospects

Conclusion and prospects

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 4

Principles (I) Principles (I) Principles (I) Principles (I)

• A traditional approach

A traditional approach – Coherent - RAKE receiver, BUT:

• Antenna and channel distortion unpredictable received waveform.

– – For example: For example: – – Which matched signal has to be used in the correlators? Which matched signal has to be used in the correlators?

• Multi-paths channel received signal spreads on tens of nanoseconds.

– – For example: For example: – – How can a RAKE receiver, built on a limited number of fingers, benefit from How can a RAKE receiver, built on a limited number of fingers, benefit from the available energy? the available energy?

TX waveform RX waveform Td

100 200 t(ns)

About 60 paths needed to capture 85% of the energy

S.

• S. Paquelet

Paquelet et al., et al., UWBST&IWUWBS 2004

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 5

• Adopted approach:

Adopted approach:

• Asynchronous receiver: energy detection available energy captured
• On-Off Keying modulation

Tr 1 1 1

Principles (II) Principles (II) Principles (II) Principles (II)

• Extension to multiple bands achieve channel capacity

Td Ti

( )²

∫

i

Τ Channel

1

Tr > Td to avoid inter symbol interference Ti evaluated from channel estimation (synchronization procedure)

• Decision problem:

Decision problem:

2 2 1

H : [ ( )] H : [ ( ) ( )]

i i

T T

x n t dt x s t n t dt ⎧ = ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ = + ⎩

∫ ∫

Minimize error probability with known B and estimated

2

, ( ) , / 2

i

T i

T E s t dt N = ∫

( )

1. 4

• pt

L M M L N ρ φ + + − ฀

~

Optimal threshold setting

/ with

i

L E N M BT = ⎧ ⎨ = ⎩

S.

• S. Paquelet

Paquelet et al., et al., UWBST&IWUWBS 2004

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 6

Performances Performances Performances Performances

• Error probability:

Error probability:

E/N (dB) Pe

Coherent - RAKE receiver:

Energy recovered on few paths

Quadratic integration:

Whole available energy recovered

Ideal rake receiver achieves comparable Pe if it collects 33% to 40% of the whole available energy.

Now, according to: - Power emission limits,

• Channel propagation,
• Demodulation schemes,

Where is the working point?

• Link budget example:

Link budget example:

R * 1 5 0 2 4 0 6 0 0 M b it/s d 1 0 5 3 m B 5 0 0 5 0 0 2 5 0 M H z N b a n d 1 2 1 2 2 4 T r 8 0 5 0 4 0 n s C M 4 3 2 T i 5 0 4 0 3 0 n s P e * 1 0 -5 1 0 -5 1 0 -5

CM: IEEE Channel Model

• 2: NLos 0-4 meters
• 3: NLos 4-10 meters
• 4: extreme NLos multipath

* without FEC code M = BTi

S.

• S. Paquelet

Paquelet et al., et al., UWBST&IWUWBS 2004

10-5

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 7

Presentation progress Presentation progress Presentation progress Presentation progress

Outline

Outline

• Principles and performances

Principles and performances

• Transceiver architecture

Transceiver architecture

• Transceiver implementation

Transceiver implementation

• Conclusion and prospects

Conclusion and prospects

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 8

Proposed architectures Proposed architectures Proposed architectures Proposed architectures

• Tx

Tx architecture: implementation using filter bank architecture: implementation using filter bank

Typical figures:

N between 15 and 30 Bi between 250 and 500 MHz PRF lower than 30 MHz

Pulse generation Digital data

Σ

Energy splitter B1 B2 BN Filter Bank

PRF

( Pulse Repetition Frequency )

• Rx architecture: quadratic detector on each sub-band

Rx architecture: quadratic detector on each sub-band

Energy splitter Synchronization ADC ADC ADC Digital processing

( )² ( )² ( )²

∫

i

Τ

∫

i

Τ

∫

i

Τ B1 B2 BN Filter Bank

Typical figures:

N between 15 and 30 Bi between 250 and 500 MHz Ti between 20 and 100 ns ADC rate lower than 30 MHz

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 9

Architecture interests Architecture interests Architecture interests Architecture interests

• Relaxed hardware constraints:

Relaxed hardware constraints: – Only coarse synchronization needed

Robust against clock jitter

– Energy based processing

Robust against distortion and phase non-linearity (simplified design: antenna, filter, and amplifier)

– Use of passive analog devices

Low power consumption

• Flexibility:

Flexibility: – Scalable data rates – Radio Resource Management / power control

Possible Frequency Division Multiplexing

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 10

Presentation progress Presentation progress Presentation progress Presentation progress

Outline

Outline

• Principles and performances

Principles and performances

• Transceiver architecture

Transceiver architecture

• Transceiver implementation

Transceiver implementation

• Conclusion and prospects

Conclusion and prospects

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 11

Energy splitter (I) Energy splitter (I) Energy splitter (I) Energy splitter (I)

Numeric Control

( )²

∫

i

Τ P ulse generation E nergy S plitter E || R S ynchro B

1

S plitter/C

• m

biner

( )²

∫

i

Τ S ynchro B

N

6

Frequency sub-bands division based on passive diplexers

Hybrids & filters

11 =

b

11 1 14

ja b Γ =

22 =

b

11 23

Tja b =

[ ]

⎥ ⎦ ⎤ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ Γ Γ =

2 1

T T S F

A priori, no external bias field required BUT 2 couplers & 2 filters for the diplexing operation

1 2 3 4

Transceiver

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 12

• 80
• 70
• 60
• 50
• 40
• 30
• 20
• 10

2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Frequency (GHz)

S-parameters modulus (dB)

|S12| |S13| |S14| |S15|

Energy splitter Energy splitter Energy splitter Energy splitter (II) (II) (II) (II)

3.1 - 4.1 GHz frequency sub-bands division based

• n Lange couplers and band-pass filters

6 couplers & 6 filters (6 BP)

Filter Response type Order Band-Pass: 3.35 – 3.85 GHz Chebyshev Elliptic

8 5

Band-Pass: 3.1 – 3.35 GHz, 3.35 – 3.6 GHz Chebyshev Elliptic

5

3

• 3 dB bandwidth = 0.23 GHz
• Insertion losses < 0.74 dB

3.1- 4.1 BP-BS BP-BS BP-BS 3.1 - 3.35 3.85 - 4.1 3.35 – 3.85 3.1 – 3.35 3.85 - 4.1 3.6 – 3.85 3.35 - 3.6

P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4

3.1- 4.1 BP-BS BP-BS BP-BS 3.1 - 3.35 3.85 - 4.1 3.35 – 3.85 3.1 – 3.35 3.85 - 4.1 3.6 – 3.85 3.35 - 3.6 3.1- 4.1 BP-BS BP-BS BP-BS 3.1 - 3.35 3.85 - 4.1 3.35 – 3.85 3.1 – 3.35 3.85 - 4.1 3.6 – 3.85 3.35 - 3.6

P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4

1 3 4 2 5

• Passband ripples < 0.2 dB
• Out-of-band rejection > 15 dB

Elliptic filters

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 13

• 120
• 100
• 80
• 60
• 40
• 20

20 40 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Frequency (GHz) S12, S13 phase (°) S12 S13

Δϕ ≈ 90°

• 30
• 25
• 20
• 15
• 10
• 5

2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Frequency (GHz)

S-parameters modulus (dB)

|S11| |S12| |S13| |S14|

Energy split Energy splitter (III): ter (III): Energy split Energy splitter (III): ter (III): -3dB, 90° hybrid

• 3dB, 90° hybrid
• 3dB, 90° hybrid
• 3dB, 90° hybrid

2 3 4

Integration capability? Dielectric films & high Dielectric films & high ε εeff

eff

• size reduction

size reduction

Lange coupler (εr = 10.5, tanδ = 10-3)

w = 39.5 µm, s = 52.9 µm,L = 8.52 mm

• D. Kim et al., IEEE MTT S, 2002
• D. Kim et al., IEEE MTT S, 2002

L = 9.4 mm L = 9.4 mm W = 0.04 mm W = 0.04 mm S S1

1 = 0.3 mm

= 0.3 mm S S2

2 = 0.06 mm

= 0.06 mm F < 4 GHz F < 4 GHz

BST/Sapphire BST/Sapphire

1 MCM-D technology

P.

• P. Pieters

Pieters et al., IEEE MTT, 1999 et al., IEEE MTT, 1999

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 14

Energy splitter (IV): Energy splitter (IV): Energy splitter (IV): Energy splitter (IV): passive band-pass filters

passive band-pass filters passive band-pass filters passive band-pass filters

• 3.35 - 3.85 GHz

(order: 5)

• 3.1 - 3.35 GHz

(order: 3)

• 3.35 - 3.6 GHz

(order: 3) Response type: elliptic L: 0.12-28.3 nH, C: 0.06-14.4 pF Insertion losses < 0.2 dB Out-of-band rejection > 15 dB In-band reflection > 13.5 dB

Integration capability?

• K. M.
• K. M. Lakin

Lakin et al., IEEE MTTS, 2002 et al., IEEE MTTS, 2002

Ladder or lattice filter based on BAW resonators

Ladder filter: 5 series & 4 shunt resonators Ladder filter: 5 series & 4 shunt resonators (90*90 µm², piezoelectric: t = 0.9 µm) (90*90 µm², piezoelectric: t = 0.9 µm)

• 70
• 60
• 50
• 40
• 30
• 20
• 10

2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 Frequency (GHz)

|S11|, |S12| (dB)

|S12|

3.1 - 3.35 GHz

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 15

RF Sw itch RF Sw itch RF Sw itch RF Sw itch

Numeric Control

( )²

∫

i

Τ Pulse generation Energy Splitter E || R Synchro B1

Splitter/Combiner

( )²

∫

i

Τ Synchro BN

6

• TR = 40 ns
• Ton = 2 - 10 ns (250 MHz 4 ns)

TR

1 1 1 1

Ton Tsw

Tx-information coding

• Near-zero power (10-100 nJ/switching cycle)
• High isolation < 40 GHz
• Low insertion loss (typ. < 0.1 dB)
• Low intermodulation product (FET + 30 dB)

MEMS switch

• High voltage drive (typ. 20-80 V)
• Low switching speed (1-40 µs)
• Broadband (typ. < 6 GHz)
• Good isolation (typ. > 40 dB)
• Low power (typ. < 0.1 mW)
• High switching speed (1-100 ns)
• High insertion loss (typ. 0.4-2.5 dB)
• Max. control voltage: 6 V typ.

FET switch

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 16 NMOS FGT

Numeric Control

( )²

∫

i

Τ Pulse generation Energy Splitter E || R Synchro B

1

Splitter/Com biner

( )²

∫

i

Τ Synchro B

N

6

Squarer Squarer Squarer Squarer

Integrated squaring circuit

• Bandwidth: 250-500 MHz
• High frequency operation (> 3.1 GHz)

MOS transistors in the saturation region

FGMOS

( )

2 2 1 2

2 V V R V − = βα

S.

• S. Vlassis

Vlassis and S. and S. Siskos Siskos, IEEE Trans. , IEEE Trans. Circ

• Circ. Sys., Nov. 2001

. Sys., Nov. 2001

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 17

Charge-successive integrator Charge-successive integrator Charge-successive integrator Charge-successive integrator

Numeric Control

( )²

∫

i

Τ P u lse g e n e ra tio n E n e rg y S p litte r E || R S yn ch ro B

1

S p litte r/C

• m

b in e r

( )²

∫

i

Τ S yn ch ro B

N

6

∫

+

− =

i

T t t e s

d v RC t v τ τ ) ( 1 ) (

• 3.9 x 3.9

3.9 x 3.9 mm² mm² CSI chip CSI chip

• 0.6 µm CMOS technology

0.6 µm CMOS technology

• Offset voltage < 2 mV

Offset voltage < 2 mV

• 5 V power supply

5 V power supply

• Y. Tanaka et al., IEEE Trans.
• Y. Tanaka et al., IEEE Trans. Nuc

Nuc. . Sci Sci., Aug. 2002 ., Aug. 2002 Discharge Discharge Read Read Charge Charge

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 18

Presentation progress Presentation progress Presentation progress Presentation progress

Outline

Outline

• Principles and performances

Principles and performances

• Transceiver architecture

Transceiver architecture

• Transceiver implementation

Transceiver implementation

• Conclusion and prospects

Conclusion and prospects

Mitsubishi Electric Proprietary - IWCT’05 – June 2005 - Slide 19

Conclusion and prospects Conclusion and prospects Conclusion and prospects Conclusion and prospects

Conclusion

• Identification of possible architectures for an UWB HDR

transceiver based on Impulse-Radio:

MBOOK modulation & non-coherent demodulation (receiver = energy detector)

• Good integration capability

Prospects

( )²

∫

i

Τ

1

( )²

∫

i

Τ

1

B1 BN

Passive analog filter bank based on hybrids and FBAR Active analog devices

• Implementation of the proposed UWB HDR transceiver within PULSERS

PHASE 2 for very short range point-to-point extremely high speed applications

• Collaborations for pulse generation are welcome!