+ =-#$&(%*#>$-)? @(A-(BC+:(##-&0+DEEE F - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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WXYC +Z*#+[*%-%(&+$&OO($)\+

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@:!$)!.4>A!BCCD!

Tissue Engineering Example 1: Human Ear

_"OO(0)+]&N-$#EEE+

E.03=$!$)!.4>A!BCCF!

Tissue Engineering Example 2: Human Jaw

_"OO(0)+]&N-$#EEE+

Tissue Engineering Example 2: Human Jaw

E.03=$!$)!.4>A!BCCF!

_"OO(0)+]&N-$#EEE+

Custom Implants Example 3: 3D Printed Ribcage

G0.3-.!$)!.4>A!BCHD!

:(##-&0+6;+G-#$"##-&0+X"(#>&0#EEE+

WXYC +10+(0L-0((O-0L+.($/*0-$#S+B/*)+*O(+)/(+I*#-$+ $&0$(N)#+*0<+*##".N>&0#+"#(<+-0+#)*>$#S+<?0*.-$#S + *0<+#)O(0L)/+&K+.*)(O-*%#\+ WXYC +Z/*)+.($/*0-$*%+NO&N(O>(#+*O(+$&..&0%?+"#(<+)&+ $/*O*$)(O-`(+.*)(O-*%+I(/*A-&O\+ WXYC +Z/*)+*O(+#&.(+K"0<*.(0)*%+<-^(O(0$(#+I()B((0+ )O*<->&0*%+(0L-0((O-0L+.*)(O-*%#+*0<+I-&%&L-$+ >##"(#\+ WXYC +Z/*)+-#+A-#$&(%*#>$-)?\+

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WXYC +Z/*)+-#+:)*>$#\+

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!K(0/$A!6.**A!.3-!.//$4$0.2(3! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!L+5+-18(-&!6$/%.3+/*! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!K0$$18(-&!-+.50.6!

WXYC +Z/*)+*O(+)B&+#"IUH(%<#+&K+<?0*.-$#+ B/-$/+K&$"#+&0+)/(+#)"<?+&K+.&>&0+*0<+ )/(+K&O$(#+)/*)+NO&<"$(+)/(.\+

,*#-$+_&0$(N)#+-0+!($/*0-$#EEE

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]/(+(^($)+&K+(M)(O0*%+K&O$(#+*$>0L+&0+*0+&Ia($)+ O(#"%>0L+-0+<(K&O.*>&0EEE+

U I.*+/!/(3/$')*J! U I.*+/!.**:6'2(3*J!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

! ! !!

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WXYC +Z/*)+-#+:)O(0L)/+&K+!*)(O-*%#\+

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!M)0$**!.3-!*)0.+3! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!M(4+-!8(-+$*!N%(6(5$3$(:*OA!*6.44!!!!!!!!! ! !-$7(06.2(3*! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!P$)%(-!(7!*$/2(3*!

WXYC +,*#(<+&0+%&*<c<-#N%*$(.(0)+.(*#"O(.(0)#S + B/*)+.($/*0-$*%+NO&N(O>(#+*O(+$&..&0%?+ "#(<+)&+$/*O*$)(O-`(+.*)(O-*%+I(/*A-&O\+

;NN%-$*>&0+)&+,-&%&L-$*%+]-##"(#EEE+

• Stress-strain
• Stiffness / elastic modulus
• Yield, ultimate, or failure load/stress
• Failure strain
• Poisson’s ratio
• Others (...fatigue strength, toughness, etc.)

,*#-$+_&0$(N)#+-0+!($/*0-$#EEE+

A) Yield Stress B) Ultimate Stress C) Failure Stress D) Linear Elastic Region

A

B

x x

C

! Linear Elastic

3MC+:)O(##U:)O*-0+G-*LO*.EEE+

• Non-homogeneous
• Large deformations
• Non-linear
• Hysteresis
• Viscoelastic

WXYC +Z/*)+*O(+#&.(+K"0<*.(0)*%+<-^(O(0$(#+ I()B((0+)O*<->&0*%+(0L-0((O-0L+.*)(O-*%#+ *0<+I-&%&L-$+>##"(#\+

;NN%-$*>&0+)&+,-&%&L-$*%+]-##"(#EEE+

Flexion/Extension (L1-L5 Intact)

• 8
• 6
• 4
• 2

2 4 6

• 20
• 15
• 10
• 5

5 10

• Flex. Angle (deg) Ext.

Moment (Nm) 1st Cycle 2nd Cycle 3rd Cycle

WXYC +_*0+B(+*NN%?+)/(+I*#-$+NO-0$-N%(#+&K+ .($/*0-$#+)&+I-&%&L-$*%+>##"(#\+++

T-E(ES+G&+&"O+*##".N>&0#+/&%<\V+

;NN%-$*>&0+)&+,-&%&L-$*%+]-##"(#EEE+

• Homogeneous
• Small deformations
• Linear Elastic

Assumptions:

• Non-homogeneous
• Large deformations
• Non-linear
• Hysteresis
• Viscoelastic

Reality:

!"#$"%&#'(%()*%+ ,-&.($/*0-$#+

,1234+567+8+!3+569+

:(##-&0+6 +

,*#-$+!($/*0-$# + *0;+<-#$&(%*#=$-)>

+

2?(@?-(A+

• 10)@&;"$=&0+
• B&%%&AC"D+E@&.+%*#)+$%*##+
• <-#$&(%*#=$-)>+
• B&&)+-0F"@-(#+-0+)/(+0(A#+

<G+H"I()+:&"0;+

<G+H"I()+:&"0;+

2

<G+J(0)(@+&E+3K$(%%(0$(+E&@+L-.M+L&## + H@(?(0=&0+*0;+H@&#)/(=$+30I-0((@-0I +

B"0$=&0*%+%-.M+%&##+ +N(%(?*0)+D*)/&%&I-(#O+ +G0'%(+2G+P*@)/@&;(#-#+?#Q+*@)/@&D%*#)>R+STU+ +B&&)+)>D(+P/-I/+*@$/+?Q+0(")@*%+?Q+V*W&&)R+S6U+ +X($/0-Y"(#+"#(;O+ +N&M&=$+I*-)+#-."%*=&0+SGU+

• +

,-D%*0(+V"&@&#$&D>+S,U+ + G0*)&.-$*%+%-.M+%&##+ +N(%(?*0)+D*)/&%&I-(#O+ +Z-*M()(#+S[U+ +X($/0-Y"(#+"#(;O+ +J*;*?(@-$+=##"(+)(#=0I+P;-*M(=$+?Q+0&0C;-*M(=$R+SJU+ +H*=(0)C#D($-\$+$&.D")*=&0*%+.&;(%-0I+SZU+ +!N1C$&.D*=M%(+%&*;-0I+;(?-$(+S3U+ +

<G+H"I()+:&"0;++ ](*%)/+J*@(+:>#)(.++ ^0-?(@#-)>+&E+_*#/-0I)&0+ !($/*0-$*%+30I-0((@-0I+*0;+2@)/&D*(;-$#+

A B C

_-%%-*.+NQ+L(;&"K`+H/Za#+N(#(*@$/+10)(@(#)#+

1 E 3 D

B&%%&AC"D#+E@&.+%*#)+$%*##+

• ]*I%"0;#+;(E&@.-)>+

! ,&0>+(0%*@I(.(0)+ ! H*-0+E@&.+M"@#-=#+

• B&&)+*0*)&.>+
• Z-##($=&0+?-;(&P#R+

http://www.foothealthfacts.org/ footankleinfo/haglunds-deformity.htm

B&&)O+.&=&0+

sagittal plane dorsiflexion plantar flexion neutral

neutral

B&&)O+.&=&0+

frontal plane inversion or varus eversion or valgus

neutral

B&&)O+.&=&0+

abduction or external rotation transverse plane adduction or internal rotation

B&&)O+.&=&0+

• H@&0*=&0+

! ;&@#-V(K-&0+ ! *M;"$=&0b(K)(@0*%+@&)*=&0+ ! (?(@#-&0b?*%I"#+ ! V*)+E&&)+

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• G?&-;+"#(+&E+D@&0*=&0b#"D-0*=&0+P#((+%*#)+

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• :*I-f*%+D%*0(+.&=&0+*)+*%%+F&-0)#+-#+@(E(@@(;+)&+

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! $&@&0*%+D%*0(+.&=&0+g+-0?(@#-&0b(?(@#-&0+P*0;+

D&#-=&0+?*@"#b?*%I"#R+

! )@*0#?(@#(+D%*0(+.&=&0+g+*;;"$=&0b*M;"$=&0+&@+

• 0)(@0*%b(K)(@0*%+@&)*=&0+

B&&)+*0;+*0'%(+*0*)&.-$*%+)(@.#++

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*0'%(+*)+c7d+

! $&@&0*%+D%*0(+.&=&0+g+-0?(@#-&0b(?(@#-&0+P*0;+

D&#-=&0+?*@"#b?*%I"#R+

! )@*0#?(@#(+D%*0(+.&=&0+g+*;;"$=&0b*M;"$=&0+&@+

• 0)(@0*%b(K)(@0*%+@&)*=&0+
• ]*%%"K+)&+\@#)+.()*)*@#*%+

! $&@&0*%+D%*0(+.&=&0+g+-0?(@#-&0b(?(@#-&0++ ! )@*0#?(@#(+D%*0(+.&=&0+g+?*@"#b?*%I"#+

• /*%%"K+?*%I"#+g+M"0-&0+

B&&)+*0;+*0'%(+*0*)&.-$*%+)(@.#++

• ^#(+/-0;E&&)+0&)+@(*@E&&)+
• ^#(+0(")@*%%>+*%-I0(;+0&)+@($)"#+
• J*0+0&)+#*>+hD(#+D%*0"#+E&&)+)>D(i`+*#+)/*)+

%-)(@*%%>+.(*0#+hE&&)+V*)+E&&)+)>D(iQ+:*>+hD(#+ D%*0"#i+&@+hD%*0"#+E&&)+)>D(iQ+

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• Z(\0(+#&.(+M*#-$+)(@.#O+(%*#=$-)>`+D%*#=$-)>`+

?-#$&#-)>`+*0;+?-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• N(?-(A+#-.D%(`+%-0(*@+?-#$&(%*#=$+.&;(%#+
• Z(#$@-M(+)/(+-.D&@)*0)+D@&D(@=(#+&E+

?-#$&(%*#=$+.*)(@-*%#+

• Z-#$"##+$&0$(D)#+"#-0I+-0+/&"#(+;*)*`+*#+A(%%+

*#+)(K)+M&&'#+

3%*#=$-)>+

Ozkaya, et al. 2012

• GM-%-)>+&E+*+.*)(@-*%+

)&+@(#".(+-)#+&@-I-0*%+ P#)@(##+E@((R+#-j(+*0;+ #/*D(+"D&0+@(.&?*%+ &E+*DD%-(;+%&*;#++

• :&%-;+D@&D(@)>+
• !()*%#+"0;(@+#.*%%+

#)@*-0+

3%*#=$-)>+

Ozkaya, et al. 2012

• L-0(*@+?#Q+0&0C%-0(*@+
• ]>D(@(%*#=$+.*)(@-*%+C+

@"MM(@+

• :)@"$)"@*%`+#=k0(##+4b.+
• !*)(@-*%`+l&"0Ia#+

.&;"%"#+P3R+4b.6+

H%*#=$-)>+

Ozkaya, et al. 2012

• H@&D(0#-)>+&E+*+

.*)(@-*%+)&+"0;(@I&+ D(@.*0(0)+;(E&@.C *=&0+"0;(@+%&*;++

• :&%-;+D@&D(@)>+
• !()*%#+"0;(@+%*@I(+

#)@*-0#+

<-#$&#-)>+

Ozkaya, et al. 2012

• N(#-#)*0$(+&E+*+V"-;+

)&+*+#/(*@+.&=&0+

• 1)#+-0)(@0*%+E@-$=&0+
• !(*#"@(+&E+@(#-#)*0$(

+ )&+V&A+++

• B%"-;+D@&D(@)>+

<-#$&#-)>+

Ozkaya, et al. 2012

• ! P&@+$+&@+M+&@+µR+C+

;>0*.-$+?-#$&#-)>+C+ @*=&+&E+#/(*@-0I+ #)@(##+)&+@*)(+&E+ ;(E&@.*=&0+

• 4#b.6+g+! P.*)(@-*%`+

$&(m$-(0)+&E+ ?-#$&#-)>R+&@+4#b.+g+µ+ P#)@"$)"@*%`+$&(m$-(0) + &E+E@-$=&0R++

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• :&%-;+*0;+%-Y"-;+D@&D(@=(#+
• :)@(##+;(D(0;#+&0+#)@*-0+P(%*#=$R+*0;+#)@*-0+

@*)(+P?-#$&"#R+

• Z(E&@.#+A/(0+*+%&*;+-#+*DD%-(;`+*0;+-)+

@($&?(@#`+F"#)+0&)+-0#)*0)*0(&"#%>Q++

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• X/(+(k($)+-#+;"(+)&+*+.&%($"%*@+

@(*@@*0I(.(0)+-0+)/(+#&%-;+-0;"$(;+M>+#)@(##Q+

• 20$(+)/(+#)@(##+-#+@(.&?(;`+)/(+.&%($"%(#+

#%&A%>+@($&?(@+)/(-@+E&@.(@+#D*=*%+ *@@*0I(.(0)Q++

• G+D@&D(@)>+&E+.*0>+D&%>.(@#`+.()*%#+*)+/-I/+

)(.D(@*)"@(#`+*0;+M-&%&I-$*%+=##"(#Q++

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• #D@-0I#`+#&%-;#`+@($&?(@>+
• ;*#/D&)#`+V"-;#`+0&+@($&?(@>+

Ozkaya, et al. 2012

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• n(%?-0C<&-I)+

+

Ozkaya, et al. 2012

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• !*KA(%%+

Ozkaya, et al. 2012

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• :)*0;*@;+%-0(*@+#&%-;+

Ozkaya, et al. 2012

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• o+.*F&@+D@&D(@=(#+&@+*f@-M")(#+

! 0&0%-0(*@+E&@$(+?Q+P%*@I(R+;(E&@.*=&0+ ! D@($&0;-=&0-0I+ ! />#)(@(#-#+ ! #)@*-0+@*)(+#(0#-=?-)>+ ! #)@(##+@(%*K*=&0+ ! $@((D+

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• 0&0%-0(*@+E&@$(+?Q+P%*@I(R+;(E&@.*=&0++

! *%#&+&$$"@#+A-)/+(%*#=$+.*)(@-*%#+ ! $&0#-#)(0)%>+E&"0;+A-)/+?-#$&(%*#=$+.*)(@-*%#+ ! $&%%*I(0O+$@-.D(;+\M@-%#+*0;+I@&"0;+#"M#)*0$(+ ! (%*#=0O+?(@>+(%*#=$+ ! )A&+.($/*0-#.#O+

• $&%%*I(0+"0$@-.D-0Ib(%*#=0+#)@()$/-0I+P%&A+.&;"%"#R+
• $&%%*I(0+*0;+(%*#=0+#)@()$/-0I+P/-I/+.&;"%"#+p+677q+#)@*-0R+

! (K*.D%(r+

• /((%+D*;+

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• 0&0%-0(*@+E&@$(+?Q+P%*@I(R+;(E&@.*=&0+

! (%*#=0+

Ozkaya, et al. 2012

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• 0&0%-0(*@+E&@$(+?Q+P%*@I(R+;(E&@.*=&0+

! -#&%*)(;+D%*0)*@+E*)+E@&.+/((%+

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• 0&0%-0(*@+E&@$(+?Q+P%*@I(R+;(E&@.*=&0+

! @*MM-)+)(0;&0++

Fung, 1993

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• D@($&0;-=&0-0I

++

! E&@$(+?Q+;(E&@.*=&0+$>$%(+$/*0I(#+"0=%+#)(*;>+

#)*)(+-#+@(*$/(;+

! -0)(@0*%+=##"(+#)@"$)"@(+$/*0I(#+ ! -.D%-$*=&0#+E&@+.*)(@-*%#+)(#=0I+P*0;+(K*.D%(#Rr+

• M@*-0+
• *@)(@>+
• G$/-%%(#+)(0;&0+
• %-?(@+
• D%*0)*@+E*)+

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• D@($&0;-=&0-0I

++

! -#&%*)(;+D%*0)*@+E*)+E@&.+/((%+

500 400 300 200 100 Force (N) 5x10

• 3

4 3 2 1 Displacement (m) trial 1 trial 2 trial 5 trial 10 trial 20 trial 30

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• D@($&0;-=&0-0I+

! *0)(@-&@+$@"$-*)(+%-I*.(0)+

Fung, 1993

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• D@($&0;-=&0-0I+

! ;&I+$*@&=;+*@)(@>+

Fung, 1993

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• />#)(@(#-#+

! *+%*II-0I+&E+*0+(k($)+A/(0+E&@$(#+*DD%-(;+)&+*+

M&;>+*@(+$/*0I(;+

! D*@*%%(%#+-0+.*I0(=#.`+)/(@.&(%($)@-$-)>`+()$Q+

;"@-0I+D&%*@-)>+$/*0I(#+

! (0(@I>+-#+h%&#)i+ ! A/(@(+;&(#+-)+I&r+

• ;-##-D*)(;+*#+/(*)`+0&-#(`+()$Q+

! (K*.D%(r+

• /((%+D*;bE&&)A(*@+

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• />#)(@(#-#+

! #)*0;*@;+%-0(*@+#&%-;+

Ozkaya, et al. 2012

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• />#)(@(#-#+

! -#&%*)(;+D%*0)*@+E*)+E@&.+/((%+

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• />#)(@(#-#+

! *0)(@-&@+$@"$-*)(+%-I*.(0)+

Fung, 1993

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• #)@*-0+@*)(+#(0#-=?-)>+++

! E*#)(@+>&"+%&*;`+#=k(@+)/(+.*)(@-*%+I()#+ ! *)+#%&A+@*)(#`+(##(0=*%%>+(%*#=$+D@&D(@=(#+

• Y"*#-C#)*=$+

! #&s+=##"(#+/*?(+A-;(+@*0I(+&E+#-.-%*@+E@(Y"(0$>+

@(#D&0#(#+P#=k0(##+*0;+/>#)(@(#-#R+

! (K*.D%(r+

• /((%+D*;+

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• #)@*-0+@*)(+#(0#-=?-)>+

! #)*0;*@;+%-0(*@+#&%-;+

Ozkaya, et al. 2012

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• #)@*-0+@*)(+#(0#-=?-)>+

! -#&%*)(;+D%*0)*@+E*)+E@&.+/((%+

+

Pai and Ledoux, 2010

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• #)@*-0+@*)(+#(0#-=?-)>+

! -#&%*)(;+D%*0)*@+E*)+E@&.+/((%+

Pai and Ledoux, 2010

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• #)@*-0+@*)(+#(0#-=?-)>+

! D*D-%%*@>+."#$%(+

Fung, 1993

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• #)@(##+@(%*K*=&0+

! %&*;(;+*)+*+$&0#)*0)+;-#D%*$(.(0)+*0;+E&@$(+

@(%*K(#+

! (*#-(@+)/*0+$@((D+)(#)`+M")+0&)+@(*%+A&@%;+

$&0;-=&0#+

! (K*.D%(r+

• -#&.()@-$+#)@()$/-0I+

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• #)@(##+@(%*K*=&0+

! *R+h-0#)*0)*0(&"#i+#)@*-0+ ! MR+(%*#=$+@(#D&0#(+ ! $R+?-#$&(%*#=$+@(#D&0#(+&E+

*+#&%-;++

! ;R+?-#$&(%*#=$+@(#D&0#(+&E+

*+V"-;+

Ozkaya, et al. 2012

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• #)@(##+@(%*K*=&0+

! -#&%*)(;+D%*0)*@+E*)+E@&.+/((%+

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• #)@(##+@(%*K*=&0+

! *0)(@-&@+$@"$-*)(+%-I*.(0)+

Fung, 1993

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• $@((D+

! %&*;(;+*)+*+$&0#)*0)+E&@$(+*0;+;-#D%*$(.(0)+

$/*0I(#+

! /*@;(@+)&+$&0;"$)`+M")+.&@(+D/>#-&%&I-$+ ! (K*.D%(r+

• /(-I/)+)/@&"I/+&")+;*>+

<-#$&(%*#=$-)>+

• $@((D+

! *R+#)(D+#)@(##+ ! MR+(%*#=$+@(#D&0#(+ ! $R+?-#$&(%*#=$+@(#D&0#(+&E+

*+#&%-;++

! ;R+?-#$&(%*#=$+@(#D&0#(+&E+

*+V"-;+

Ozkaya, et al. 2012

B&&)+-0F"@-(#+-0+)/(+0(A#+

• ](*;%-0(O+B&&)+E(=#/O+G+M@-(E+CC+*0;+#$-(0=\$+CC+

@(?-(A+&E+E&&)+-0F"@-(#+&0+)/(+(?(+&E+)/(+4BL+ D%*>&k#+C+X/(+,&#)&0+t%&M(+

• Z*)(O+u*0+9`+67To+
• :(?(@*%+'(>+D%*>(@#`+-0$%";-0I+X&.+,@*;>`+/*?(

+ $&0)(0;(;+A-)/+E(()+*0;+*0'%(+-0F"@-(#+)/-#+ 4BL+#(*#&0Q+

• /fDObb=0>"@%Q$&.bjYc6?D.+