5 th -7 th December 2011, Milano, Italy GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

5th-7th December 2011, Milano, Italy

The Republic of Srpska The Republic

• f Srpska

The Federation of B&H

Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Montenegro Serbia Croatia The Adriatic sea

THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

Geothermal energy is mineral resource in accordance with domestic-entity law regulation (Law on Geology, Official Gazzete of the Republic of Srpska 51/04, 75/10), Law on Geology, Official Gazzete of the Federation of B&H 9/10) In accordance with the Dayton peace agreemnet mineral resources are under the jurisdiction of the entities. INSTED INTRODUCTION – LEGAL BACKGROUND GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

The Federation of B&H The Republic of Srpska

The Ministry of indutry, energy and mining The Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Government of the Republic of Srpska The Ministry of indutry, energy and mining Comission for concession of the Republic of Srpska The Republic Survey for geological researches of the Republic of Srpska Comission for concession of the FB&H The Survey for geological researches

• f the FB&H

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GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA GOLOGICAL OVERVIEW

THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

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GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA GEOTHERMAL BACKGROUND

Distance from surface to the Mohorovičić Discontinuity (after Skoko, 1987):

• lower in the Pannonian basin to 25 km and
• increasing to the south to cca 45 km (External Dinarides)

Potentials are characterized by their irregular distribution, concentration, specific locations, conditions and the possibilities

• f use.
• conductive geothermal gradients G=28,2 - 49,6°C/km and
• conductive heat flow values q = 60 – 88,7 mW/m2 and
• maximal convective values G=66,6°C/km and q=134,9 mW/m2

(after Miošić, Proceeding of WGC 2010, B&H County Update)

Geothermal explorations in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been initiated after World War II and till the date focused just on hydrothermal potentials. Significant elements suggesting geothermal potential indications are:

• crustal and lineament faults, deep old
• regional and repeatedly reactivated faults, existence of large
• verthrusts,
• thinning of the epidermal part of the earthcrust and
• -less distance from surface to the Mohorovičić discontinuity in the

Pannonian basin to 25 km and increasing to the south to ca 45 km. THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

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THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

Significantly lower values of gradients and heat flows are in the Dinaric carbonate platform 10- 20°C/km and 20-50 mW/m2. The extreme lower temperature values (25- 38°C at 1000 m) are supposed in the Dinaric carbonate platform (on the basis of

• nly one drill hole in Bosnia and Herzegovina

and ten drill holes in adjacent areas of Croatia and Montenegro (figure left). The largest positive geothermal anomalies are in the Pannonian Basin (Active continental margin) The temperatures measured in active continental margin vary from (after Miošić 2010):

• 39-62°C at 1000 m,
• 78-101°C at 2000 m,
• 111-147°C at 3000 m and
• 176-209°C at 5000 m below surface

Deep seismic cross-section thrue B&H (after Dragašević)

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The Republic

• f Srpska

The Federation of B&H

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Republic

• f Srpska

GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

ACTIV GEOTHERMAL FIELDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

Low enthalpy geothermal resources are utilized in the territory of the Republic of Srpska and high temperature (>100°C) geothermal systems with and without waters were proved in the Mesozoic masses, overlain by the Tertiary sediments, of the artesian basins in the northern part of the Republic of Srpska (the part of the Pannonian basin). High temperatures geothermal systems are still not in use. CURRENTLY: 9 low enthalpy systems in the territory

• f the Republic of Srpska
• 8 systems within the Central ophyolitic zone

(the zone of the Inner Dinarides)

• many springs, T mostly 20-30°C
• 16 boreholes in use, T 30-44°C
• 1 system within the ample artesian basins

(southern edge of the Pannonian Basin)

• closed system
• 2 boreholes in use, T 73-75°C
• In some localities (e.g. In the zone of Bijeljina city

expected T>110°C) For the territory of the Republic of Srpska: Currently production per borehole is from 0.35 to 9.5 MWth, total borehole production is cca 45 MWth + cca 3 MWth in spring, calcuation for Tref=20°C (Jolović, 2011). USE:

• spa, recreation, space heating, in one case

extraction of CO2 and other technical gases:

Kakmuž, Republic of Srpska, Well TGP-2, T=38°C, 2008

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• 1. Proved closed systems in the area of Pannonian basin (the area

“Semberija” and “Posavina”) with possibility of electricity production within the Triassic hydrothermal systems

• Area “Semberija” (limestones of middle and upper Triassic age, start from 1500 m

beneath surface, unknown tickness);

• Area “Posavina” (limestones of upper Triassic age proved in the teritory of

The Federation of B&H, start from 1150 m, unknown tickness, in the territory of the Republic of Srpska just supposed-not defined in adjacent deep (oil) borehole OB-1 and BR-1).

Other defined geothermal zones are with such energetic levels which cannot be proposed for safe productive drilling in the present degree of exploration and knowledge of deep hydrogeothermal systems. 2. Hydrothermal potentials in the Ophiolitic zone, not yet enought researched, available data indicate theT 60-80 °C in primary aquifer. 3. Other interesting area, especially the zone of the (younger) Tertiary magmatism.

Important zones with possibilty of the electric production from geothermal resources in the Republic of Srpska

GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

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No Borehole name Year of driling Depth (m) Yeld (l/s) Temperat ure on borehole mouth (°C) 01 S-1 Between 1957-1962 1345 7.5 (artesian level) 75 02 S-2 1591 No data

• 03

S-3 (SV-1) 1746 No data

• 04

Bij-1 1983-1984 2479 Without pumping test (reason: trpped equipement)

• 05

DV-1 1988-1989 1500 Nije testirana 75 06 GD-2 2010 1800 44 (by pump) 73

PANNONIAN BASIN – THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA - GEOTHERMAL FILED “SEMBERIJA”

Geothermal field Semberija Approximately area 200 km2 / 6 boreholes

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New borehole Тexp (⁰C) Tref (°C) Usable T (°C) P (MWth) TJ/year kWh/year (x106) T equ.

• f coal

T equ.

• f oil

*NB-1** 119 20 99 10,35 326 91 11.200 7700

No Borehole name Depth (m) Temperature on borehole mouth (°C) 01 S-1 1345 75 05 DV-1 1500 75 06 GD-2 1800 73

*-near location of trapped Bij-1 **-supposed depth of the borehole cca 2500 m

Thermal aquifers registered in:

• the Miocene sediments (weak, S-1 and DV-1)) and Limestone

sequence of the Creataceous flysch formation (moderate, S-1, 7 l/s, 75 °C) – minor enthalpy

• the Middle and the Upper Triasic limestone (most important, DV-1,

GD-2, BIJ-1) – main geothermal reservoirs Temperature lower than expected, very low mineralisation, very high well yield

PANNONIAN BASIN – THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA - GEOTHERMAL FILED “SEMBERIJA”

Low enthalpy geothermal resources are utilized in B&H and high temperature (>100°C) geothermal systems with and without waters were proved in the Mesozoic masses,

• verlain by the Tertiary sediments, of the artesian basins
• f the northern Bosnia (the part of the Pannonian basin);

these resources are still not in use.

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PANNONIAN BASIN – THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA - GEOTHERMAL FILED “SEMBERIJA”

1 2 District heating of Bijeljina Project Multipurpose use of thermal water in the “Slobomir” Project 1

Project based on drilling of 5 boreholes (every borehole cca 2500 m) (Danish Investors)

2

Project based on drilling 6 boreholes (the first 1.800 m sucessifuly complete in 2010) (privete domestic Investor)

I Current geothermal projects 1 2 3 3

Continue of oil researches stopped before 1992, Russian oil company “Зарубежњефт”, in the first stage there are projected seismic researches and also borehole DV-1 and S-3 (also named SV-1) deepen

II Other interesting projects

Borehole (depth in m) Well screen or “open hole”

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PANNONIAN BASIN – THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA - GEOTHERMAL FILED “POSAVINA” Domaljevac Do-1; Q=20 l/s, t=96°C, 1245 m, Triassic aquifer.

DO-1

1. DO-1 1245 m Triassic aquifer 2. BR-1 2740 m Creataceous sed. cca 3850 m Triassic sed 3. OB-1 up to 2805 m Paleogene deeper Creataceous Distance: DO-1 - BR-1 5 km DO-1 - OB-1 9 km Artesian basins of lower potentiality without proved the Cretaceous and the Triassic aquifers occur west of Domaljevac. 11

GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA CENTRAL OPHIOLITIC BELT

Massif of Ophiolites is characterized by covering of the Triassic carbonates by intrusive, effusive and metamorphic rocks as roof

• barriers. The whole massif is discontinuous because of tectonics with
• ccurrences of thermal, thermomineral and hyper-alkaline waters.

The most significant deposits of thermal and thermomineral waters in the ophyolitic belt in the Republic of Srpska are:

1 2 4 3 5 6 7 8

No Locality Type Yield (l/s) Temperature (°C) 1 Lješljani Borehole 7 31 Springs 0.2 20 2 Šeher, Banja Luka Boreholes 40 30 Springs 25 30 3 Laktaši Boreholes 35 30 Spring 16 30 4 Slatina Boreholes 100 44 Springs 0.3 22-40 5 Teslić Borehole 24 38 Spring 6 Kulaši Borehole 12 30 Spring 2 30 7 Sočkovac Borehole >100 38 Spring 8 Višegrad Borehole 28 31 Spring 7 31

• The deepest borehole is BL-1 in Lješljani 672 m

(finished in diabase-hornfel form.)

• Neither one bore hole did not riched the primary

aquifer (it is supposed triasic carbonate)

• All springs and boreholes are situated in fault

zones (some of those are active today)

• Geothermometers indicate on T 50-80°C in the

primary aquifer. THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

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GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA CENTRAL OPHIOLITIC BELT – BANJA LUKA AREA

Capitol of the Republic of Srpska, cca 250.000 inhabitants Density of population cca 203 in/km2. 3 location with use of hydrothermal potentials – but only spa and recreation. Demand for additionl source of energy. Geothermal regional researches with long tradition (from 70s of 20th Century) but with longer interruptions (1992-2010, just one borehole 200 m deep after 1985). Available data: gravimetric, magnetometric, modest geoelectric and seismic 2D, drilling up to 470 m. One Project in the beginig stage connected to district heating (Mannvit,Island). Active seismic area: strong eartquakes in 1969, smaller srong also in 1981. Boreholes situated only in active fault zones and neither one reached primary aquifer (supposed the middle and the upper Triasic age). The highest temeprature on the borehole on mouth is 44 °C (geothermal field Slatina, 4 borehole, cca 100 l/s with small well drowdawn.) In other 2 geothermal field 30°C (Laktaši andSlatina). SiO2 indicate temparature in the primary aquifer up to 80°C.

Geoelectric cross-section thrue urban area, Geofizika, Zagreb,1984,

THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

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GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA The areas of Tetiary magmatism – area of Srebrenica

• Without any geothermal reserches
• In earlier studies considered as probably

potential for geothermal researches (reason: supposed the Miocene vulcanism)

• Till the date vulcanism is defined as

Miocene age (younger than 23.3 Ma)

• Some new reserches (after Pamić, 2000)

indicate on the Early Oligocene (Rupelian) 30.4-28.5 Ma.

• Just occurences of mineral waters with

high mineralisation as result of infiltration of precipitation thrue ore deposits (lead, zinc, etc.)

Srebrenica area-Magmatism

• the Miocene Age ???

THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

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GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA The areas of Tertiary granites – area of Motajica and Prosara Mountain

THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

• The zone of acid plutonite and contact metamorphyte of Prosara

mountain and Motajica mountain

• Without occurences of thermal water
• Dimension of granite pluton ?
• Data of deep borehole BG-1 borehole indicate large dimension

(after Soklic, 1970

• Gephysical data indicate smaller intrusive bodies

(Labaš et al, 1981)

• Age of granitoide ?
• 48.7 Ma (after Lanphere and Pamić, 1992)
• 26.7 Ma (after Ustaszewski
• not younger than Oligocene (Cattian)

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Generaly, there is a lack of knowledge about deep geothermal potential (also quality stuff). Total interuption of geothermal reserches between 1992-2005. There is not any government funding or participation for geothermal energy exploration – exploratory and productive drillings and use after 1992 (after 1992 3 boreholes 200-450 m and just

• ne 1800 m – all in early recognised hydrothermal systems).

Initial investments in geothermal heating in BiH are higher than they are in conventional heating

systems and because of that stimulative measures are needed for utilization of geothermal energy. Mostly low enthalpy system used for spa, recreation, in smaller degree heating etc. The determination of high enthalpy geothermal fields for electric power generation employing binary process in the territory of the Republic of Srpska is proved by drilling and and today possible only in Semberija (T>120°C) (but also in the area Domaljevac – Obudovac (<100°C) in FB&H, near the entity border with the Republic of Srpska). Other potential zones of such energetic levels can not be proposed for safe productive drilling in present degree of exploration and knowledge of deep hydrogeothermal systems. The expectation of knowledge imporvment by current projects: especialy 2D and 3D seismic currently perform by Russin oil investors and deep driling (>2500 m) e.g. in Semebrija (Danish investors) and Banja Luka regions (Island investors). Results expected up to 2014.

As the result of available data and the results of the new projected explorations in the period 2013-2014 the improvement of the Geothermal Atlas of the Republic of Srpska is expected as well as the writing of the Study of Assessment of high temperature resource potential.

GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

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THE TERRITORY OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES*

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and FYROM

PANNONIAN BASIN

Some hydrothermal systems with T>100⁰C (mostly situated within Pannonian basin) There are also some zone

• f younger Tertiry

(Miocene) vulcanism (e.g. in Serbia) in the zone of Inner Dinarides (mountains Bukulja, Cer etc) There is not recognised any hydrothermal potentiality in the zone of Outer Dinarides

*This part of presentation is based on:

Geothermal resource Update in the Year 2010 produced by national experts of B&H, CRO, SRB and FYROM (Proceeding World Geothermal Congress 2010, Bali, Indonesia)

THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

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THE TERRITORY OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES

THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

• General conclusion pertain on Bosnia and Herzegovina,

Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and FYROM

• Traditoinal use of Hydrothermal systems of low entalpy in

the mentioned countries; mostly for spa, recreation, agriculture, fish production, in smaller degree for heating and extraction (e.g. CO2).

• Production of electricity from geothermal resources: 0 W
• The number of Projects aim to electricity production from

geothermal resources: only 1 (Croatia, project “Kutnjak”) Country Possible systems for Electricity production Projects in progress B&H RS YES FB&H YES SERBIA YES CROATIA YES 1 MONTENEGRO NO

• FYROM

YES Country Type Projects name Capacity (Mwe) CROATIA Binary Kutnjak 2

Mostly financed by INA (National oil corporation) and HEP (National power corporation), in smaller degree by regional food productio corporation “Podravka”; also support by Government Interestng shown by Swiss and Italian Investors as well.

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THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

Serbia:

• so-called “first and second groups” of reservoirs in the Pannonian basin (T>120, 160 °C)
• zones of Neogene vulcanism e.g. within the Inner Dinarides, the Karpatho-Balkanides and the

Serbian-Macedonisan massif (spr.:Vranjska spa 96°C, Jošanička spa 78°C,Sijarinska spa 72°C) etc.

• geothermal use can also be made from hot dry rocks, as there are ten

identified Neogene granitoid intrusions. Geothermal exploitation programmes have been prepared, but they have not been brought into operation.

Bosnia and Herzegovina:

• Semberija in the Republic of Srpska (T>120 °C) witin the Pannonian basin and
• Posavina in the Federation of B&H and probably in the Republic of

Srpska (T>90 °C) in Pannonian basin as well

Croatia:

• The Pannonian basin: Babina Greda, Kutnjak, Rječica (T>120 °C) etc.

Montenegro:

All territory belong to Dinarides, mostly Outer Dinarided, Without registered potentiality

Possible production of electricity from geothermal resources

THE TERRITORY OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES

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THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

Identified barriers:

Technological barriers – the absence of domestic modern equipment (reliable downhaul pumps, heat pumps, equipment of binary GeoPP) and of experience of applying the modern technologies; Legal barriers – currently there are no legislative measures encouraging the mastering and using of geothermal resources; Price barriers – the created geothermal projects should compete with traditional fuel projects. The existence of gas pipelines near the most prospective of the geothermal fields is a deterrent. Financial barriers – the shortage of budget funds and the absence of investors.

THE TERRITORY OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES

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THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

Something interesting...

The Drina river in front of Geosurvey December 2nd 2010, 1 km downstream from HPP “Zvornik” The Drina river in front of Geosurvey December 2nd 2011 1 km downstream from HPP “Zvornik” Q= cca 50 m3/s Do we need something else energy sources than fossile fuels and hydro-energy ? Q= cca 4000 m3/s

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The Republic

• f Srpska

The Republic

• f Srpska

The Federation of B&H

Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Montenegro Serbia Croatia Adriatic sea