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3D Data Geometries
Unit 1
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3D Data Geometries Unit 1 Slide #1 Field data acquisition Slide #2 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
3D Data Geometries Unit 1 Slide #1 Field data acquisition Slide #2 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
3D Data Geometries Unit 1 Slide #1 Field data acquisition Slide #2 biondo@stanford.edu Field data geometry Sources ( s) Receivers ( g) Slide #3 biondo@stanford.edu Two marine shot gathers geometry Slide #4 Figure 1.3 biondo@stanford.edu
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Field data geometry
Sources (s) Receivers (g)
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Slide #4 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.3
Two marine shot gathers geometry
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Slide #5 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.1
From field coordinates to midpoint-offset coordinates
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- Eq. 1.1
m = g+ s 2 , h = g− s 2 , h = hx,hy
( ) = h cosθh,sinθh
( )
Midpoint-offset transformation
Trace azimuth
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3D data acquisition geometries
Marine-data geometries
Towed streamers geometries OBC and OBS geometries
Land-data geometries
Cross-swath geometries Button-patch geometries
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3D data acquisition geometries
Marine-data geometries
Towed streamers geometries OBC and OBS geometries
Land-data geometries
Cross-swath geometries Button-patch geometries
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Marine streamer acquisition
Figure 1.2
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Slide #10 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.3
Field coordinates
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Slide #11 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.4
Offsets distribution of marine data
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Single-Azimuth Acquisition
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Multi-Azimuth Acquisition
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Wide-Azimuth Towed Streamers (WATS)
Figure 1.5 Courtesy of Carl Regone (BP)
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Rich Azimuth acquisition (RAZ)
Figure 1.6 Courtesy of Mike Howard (BHP Billiton) and Nick Moldoveanu (WesternGeco)
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Slide #16 biondo@stanford.edu Courtesy of Mike Howard (BHP Billiton) and Nick Moldoveanu (WesternGeco)
RAZ in the Gulf of Mexico
Inner lines—Racetrack Outer lines—120 degree turns
The sail lines and obstructions are drawn to illustrate the general concept and differ from the actual survey. The square represents source coverage from E-W lines with the hexagon covered from three directions.
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WAZ development type configurations
BP WATS (2005-2006) Shell Friesian (2006) CGGV acquisition WesternGeco acquisition
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BHP Rich-azimuth 2006 Shenzi survey
WesternGeco acquisition
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Wide-azimuth for exploration with 2 receiver vessels and 2 source vessels
10 streamers 8000 m 120 m 8475 cui arrays 4200 m X-offs.
WesternGeco acquisition
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Full Azimuth Single vessel Coil shooting
WesternGeco acquisition
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Full Azimuth Long Offset Multivessel Coil Shooting Configuration: two recording vessels and two source vessels
- S1
- S2
- S3
- S4
WesternGeco acquisition
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Offset-azimuth distribution for multivessel coil shooting
14 km 12 km 10 km 8 km
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3D data acquisition geometries
Marine-data geometries
Towed streamers geometries OBC and OBS geometries
Land-data geometries
Cross-swath geometries Button-patch geometries
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Slide #24 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.7
Two OBC shot gathers geometry
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Slide #25 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.8
One OBC receiver gather geometry
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Slide #26 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.9
Offsets distribution of OBC data
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Slide #27 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.10
Water depth ~ 7000 ft Water depth ~ 4500 ft
Courtesy of Jerry Beaudoin and Alan Ross (BP) and BP partners in Atlantis
OBS in the Gulf of Mexico
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Wide-azimuth vs. narrow-azimuth
Figure 9.13 Courtesy of Carl Regone (BP)
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Narrow-azimuth acquisition
Figure 9.14 Courtesy of Carl Regone (BP)
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Slide #30 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 9.17
Wide-azimuth acquisition - 1 pass
Courtesy of Carl Regone (BP)
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Slide #31 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 9.16
Wide-azimuth acquisition - 2 passes
Courtesy of Carl Regone (BP)
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Wide-azimuth acquisition - 4 passes
Figure 9.15 Courtesy of Carl Regone (BP)
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Wide-azimuth acquisition -OBS
Figure 9.18 Courtesy of Carl Regone (BP)
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Wide-azimuth vs. narrow-azimuth Gulf of Mexico data
Figure 9.19 Courtesy of BP, www.bp.com, Technology Webcast, December 2005
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Imaging gains from RAZ data
Rich Azimuth image Narrow-Azimuth image
Figure 9.20 Courtesy of Mike Howard (BHP Billiton) and Nick Moldoveanu (WesternGeco)
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3D data acquisition geometries
Marine-data geometries
Towed streamers geometries OBC and OBS geometries
Land-data geometries
Cross-swath geometries Button-patch geometries
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Slide #37 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.11
Two land shot gathers geometry
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Slide #38 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.12
Offsets distribution of land data
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Slide #39 biondo@stanford.edu
3D data acquisition geometries
Marine-data geometries
Towed streamers geometries OBC and OBS geometries
Land-data geometries
Cross-swath geometries Button-patch geometries
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Slide #40 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.13
Button-patch acquisition geometry
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Slide #41 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.14
One button-patch shot gather
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Slide #42 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.15
“Isotropic” offsets distribution
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Slide #43 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.16
Range of offsets distributions
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Slide #44 biondo@stanford.edu Figure 1.17
Binning in the midpoint plane
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Slide #45
Quiz #2
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