23 9 2016 2 of 13 Resources Recovery - Oriented Sanitation This - - PDF document

SLIDE 1

23‐9‐2016 1

Promoters:

• prof. dr. ir. Grietje Zeeman
• prof. dr. ir. Cees J.N. Buisman

Supervisors:

• dr. Renata D. van der Weijden
• dr. ir. Lucía Hernández Leal

MSc Jorge Ricardo Cunha

Simultaneous calcium phosphate granules and methane recovery from black w ater

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Resources Recovery - Oriented Sanitation

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Black water

(Feces + Urine)

Kitchen waste Grey water

Volume

L cap-1 d-1

6 0.6 79 300 CODTotal

g L-1

8 98 0.7 0.6 P Total

mg L-1

190 330 5 12 NH4

+- N

g L-1

0.8

• 0.02

0.07

Tervahauta et al. (2013) Water

Conventional sewer 2 of 13

Current concept for black water treatment

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MgO

CH4

UASB reactor P Recovery N Removal Struvite

Effluent

Calcium phosphate (CaP) granules

190 mgP L-1 80 mgP L-1 6 mgP L-1

58% P accumulation

N2

3% 74 mgP L-1 39% 8 gCOD L-1 65% 8% Rapport 48 STOWA (2014)

Effluent Black Water

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Why does P accumulate in the UASB reactor?

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gHCO3- L-1BW 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 mgCaSoluble L-1BW 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 PO4 Removal (%)

• 100
• 80
• 60
• 40
• 20

20 40 60 80 Influent soluble Ca PO4 Removal

Formation and accumulation of Cay(PO4)x seed particles 1 cm 4 of 13

Biomass granulation in UASB reactors

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Upflow velocities between 100 cm h-1 to 3 m h-1 are generally applied Constant selection pressure for retention

• f

biomass agglomerates

• ver

disperse biomass, triggering formation of granules

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8

No selection pressure, allowing retention of fine solids, such as inorganic seed particles

Black water treatment in UASB reactor

1 cm

• 0.6

Long hydraulic retention time (HRT), resulting in an upflow velocity of less than 1 cm h-1

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SLIDE 2

23‐9‐2016 2

Formation of CaP granules from seeds

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Increase of Ca in BW

1 5 ,

Backscattered SEM image SEM-EDX analysis 7 of 13

Formation of CaP granules from seeds

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Formation of an outer biofilm

→

• 4 → 3

Microbial colonization

1 5 ,

Increase of Ca in BW 8 of 13

Formation of CaP granules from seeds

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Increase of internal pH (7.4 to 8)

↔

↔ 2 ↔ 3

7,3 7,4 7,5 7,6 7,7 7,8 7,9 8,0 8,1 8,2 1 2 3 4 5 6 pH Micro Sensor Effluent pH min Effluent pH max

Depth (mm)

pH

Formation of an outer biofilm

→

• 4 → 3

1 5 ,

Increase of Ca in BW Microbial colonization 9 of 13

Formation of CaP granules from seeds

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Enhances the crystallization

• f Hydroxyapatite

Preferable accumulation of CaP in the granules

5 4 3

• → 3

Increase of internal pH (7.4 to 8)

↔

↔ 2 ↔ 3

Formation of an outer biofilm

→

• 4 → 3

1 5 ,

Increase of Ca in BW Microbial colonization 10 of 13

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Hydroxyapatite in the granules (XRD)

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HAp Struvite

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Higher P accumuation by adding Ca2+

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SLIDE 3

23‐9‐2016 3

Impact on treatment concept

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Black Water

CH4

1.9 LCH4 L-1BW

UASB reactor Calcium phosphate (CaP) granules

190 mgP L-1 15 mgP L-1

92% P accumulation

8%

Calcium

300 mg L

• 1

N2

Effluent

N Removal

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