[PPT] - 15 15 Programacin de Juegos y Grficos en C con Allegro PowerPoint Presentation

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15 15

Programación de Juegos y Gráficos en C con Allegro

Referencia: C How to Program 5 ed Deitel & Deitel, Pearson

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—
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OBJECTIVES

In this chapter you will learn: How to install the Allegro game programming library to work with your C programs. To create games using Allegro. To use Allegro to import and display graphics. To use the "double buffering" technique to create smooth animations. To use Allegro to import and play sounds. To have Allegro recognize and deal with keyboard input. To create the simple game "Pong" with Allegro. To use Allegro timers to regulate the speed of a game. To use Allegro datafiles to shorten the amount of code in a program. The many other features Allegro can add to a game.

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15.1 Introduction 15.2 Installing Allegro 15.3 A Simple Allegro Program 15.4 Simple Graphics: Importing Bitmaps and Blitting 15.5 Animation with Double Buffering 15.6 Importing and Playing Sounds 15.7 Keyboard Input 15.8 Fonts and Displaying Text 15.9 Implementing the Game of Pong 15.10 Timers in Allegro 15.11 The Grabber and Allegro Datafiles 15.12 Other Allegro Capabilities 15.13 Allegro Internet and Web Resources

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15.1 Introduction

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15.2 Installing Allegro with Visual C 6

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15.2 Building Allegro with Visual C 6

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15.3 A Simple Allegro Program

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15.3 A Simple Allegro Program

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15.3 Compiling an Allegro Program

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15.3 Compiling an Allegro Program

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15.3 Compiling an Allegro Program

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15.3 Compiling an Allegro Program

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15.4 Importing Graphics and Blitting

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Fig. 15.4 | Allegro’s coordinate system.

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Color Red value Green value Blue value

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" #U " #U " #U " #U

&# buffer

$

6

,

%

SLIDE 46

46

52 ' ' ' ''G&( 'G&( 'G&( 'G&('$; '$; '$; '$;

53 )

) ) )

54
$:

$: $: $:&() &() &() &()

55
$

$ $ $

EIAD
EIAD
EIAD
EIAD!

! ! !

56 CC;K*

CC;K* CC;K* CC;K*'; '; '; ';

57 CC;/*

CC;/* CC;/* CC;/*';: ';: ';: ';:

58
;9

;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

59
$

$ $ $H3EI H3EI H3EI H3EIAD AD AD AD! ! ! !

60 CC;K*

CC;K* CC;K* CC;K*'; '; '; ';

61
11

11 11 11;/* ;/* ;/* ;/*';% ';% ';% ';%

62
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;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

63
$

$ $ $-?D

?D
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! ! !

64
11

11 11 11;K* ;K* ;K* ;K*';" ';" ';" ';"

65 CC;/*

CC;/* CC;/* CC;/*';: ';: ';: ';:

66
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;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

67
$

$ $ $H3?D H3?D H3?D H3?D! ! ! !

68
11

11 11 11;K* ;K* ;K* ;K*';" ';" ';" ';"

69
11

11 11 11;/* ;/* ;/* ;/*';% ';% ';% ';%

70
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;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

71 0

0$: $: $: $:

72

73

9$;$P""

9$;$P"" 9$;$P"" 9$;$P""$ $ $ $

74

75

";$""%;

";$""%; ";$""%; ";$""%;

76
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" " "&;/O &;/O &;/O &;/O<# <# <# <#TT;/O TT;/O TT;/O TT;/OMM# MM# MM# MM#( ( ( (

77 '$7&(*

'$7&(* '$7&(* '$7&(*

78
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" #U " #U " #U " #U

'#

SLIDE 47

47

79

";$"""

";$""" ";$""" ";$"""

80
"

" " "&;KO &;KO &;KO &;KO# # # #TT;KO TT;KO TT;KO TT;KO8## 8## 8## 8##( ( ( (

81 '$A+&(*

'$A+&(* '$A+&(* '$A+&(*

82 0

0"'G "'G "'G "'G

83

84 ' ' ' ''$7&( '$7&( '$7&( '$7&('$;P$% '$;P$% '$;P$% '$;P$%1 1 1 1: : : :

85 )

) ) )

86
"

" " "&&Q &&Q &&Q &&Q= = = =(OO (OO (OO (OO# # # #( ( ( (,:,$';$ ,:,$';$ ,:,$';$ ,:,$';$

87 CC*

CC* CC* CC*9;$'% 9;$'% 9;$'% 9;$'%

88 $

$ $ $,%, ,%, ,%, ,%,$;$ $;$ $;$ $;$

89
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90 0

0"'$7 "'$7 "'$7 "'$7

91

92 ' ' ' ''$A+&( '$A+&( '$A+&( '$A+&('$$+ '$$+ '$$+ '$$+

93 )

) ) )

94 O&

O& O& O&C C C C= = = =(Q (Q (Q (QM M M M* * * *'$+ '$+ '$+ '$+

95 0

0"'$A+ "'$A+ "'$A+ "'$A+

Outline

" #U " #U " #U " #U

##

SLIDE 48

48

15.6 Importing and Playing Sounds

#

– #

– .

63? 63? 63? 63?

()

$% $% $% $%

– ;% ;% ;% ;% $$% $% $% $%

– '-K

– 663? 63? 63? 63? H?? H?? H?? H??

SLIDE 49

49

15.6 Importing and Playing Sounds

%/$% %/$% %/$% %/$%

– 63? 63? 63? 63? – '-K63? 63? 63? 63? – E –

M@B9@&B

– '*

M@-B9@-BK9D
7

– E*7

MMM 7

K

– ,

"

SLIDE 50

50

15.6 Importing and Playing Sounds

$/$% $/$% $/$% $/$%

– + – 2 – $

– '-63?

63? 63? 63?

%

– +&

SLIDE 51

51

Function prototype Description

63?$%&$ "(

$

:'(H??

%/$%&$63?$%>

'>%>"V> %( . 667$ %8

'4$$%&$

63?$%>'>%> "V>%( 9%

6
'$%$%&$

63?$%( : '$/$%&63?$%(

;

6

Fig. 15.8 | Important SAMPLE functions.

SLIDE 52

52

15.6 Importing and Playing Sounds

$$ $$ $$ $$

– . – '-K – E

() IHDD2D

IHDD2D IHDD2D IHDD2D HDD2D HDD2D HDD2D HDD2D

– 'L H?? H?? H?? H??

%
"

" " "

SLIDE 53

53

1 W!" #W W!" #W W!" #W W!" #W

2

H+$"$ H+$"$ H+$"$ H+$"$

3
4

5 $/;$$";P$%$$;$ $/;$$";P$%$$;$ $/;$$";P$%$$;$ $/;$$";P$%$$;$

6

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EIAD#
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7

" " " "H3EIAD H3EIAD H3EIAD H3EIAD

8

" " " "-?D=

?D=
?D=
?D=
9

" " " "H3?D< H3?D< H3?D< H3?D<

10

11 "%/%$ "%/%$ "%/%$ "%/%$

12 '

' ' ''G& 'G& 'G& 'G&' ' ' '(* (* (* (*

13 '

' ' ''$7& '$7& '$7& '$7&' ' ' '(* (* (* (*

14 '

' ' ''$A+& '$A+& '$A+& '$A+&' ' ' '(* (* (* (*

15

16

;K*

;K* ;K* ;K*;P$K ;P$K ;P$K ;P$K1 1 1 1

17
;/*

;/* ;/* ;/*;P$/ ;P$/ ;P$/ ;P$/1 1 1 1

18
*

* * *;P$ ;P$ ;P$ ;P$

19 GD3;*

GD3;* GD3;* GD3;*%;P$;% %;P$;% %;P$;% %;P$;%

20 GD3;""*

GD3;""* GD3;""* GD3;""*%;"" %;"" %;"" %;""

21 63?;*

63?;* 63?;* 63?;*

%$"

%$" %$" %$"

22
Outline

" #W " #W " #W " #W

") boing

SLIDE 54

54

23

&

& & &

'

' ' '

(

( ( (

24 )

) ) )

25
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"$>$%%$ "$>$%%$ "$>$%%$

26 &(*

&(* &(* &(*+ + + +

27 $9/;&(*

$9/;&(* $9/;&(* $9/;&(*$9/;"$ $9/;"$ $9/;"$ $9/;"$

28
$$&

$$& $$& $$&IHDD2D IHDD2D IHDD2D IHDD2D> > > >H H H HDD2D DD2D DD2D DD2D> > > >H?? H?? H?? H??(* (* (* (*

29 $%&

$%& $%& $%&8 8 8 8(* (* (* (*$%8 $%8 $%8 $%81 1 1 1; ; ; ;

30 $"K&

$"K& $"K& $"K&ILHDD2D ILHDD2D ILHDD2D ILHDD2D> > > >8M# 8M# 8M# 8M#> > > >MN# MN# MN# MN#> > > ># # # #> > > ># # # #(* (* (* (*$%$ $%$ $%$ $%$

31 ;O;%&

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32 ;""O

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33
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;O$%& ;O$%& ;O$%&,;:', ,;:', ,;:', ,;:',(* (* (* (*

$"

$" $" $"

34 ;KO

;KO ;KO ;KO62E- 62E- 62E- 62E-

=

= = =* * * *';$K ';$K ';$K ';$K1 1 1 1

35 ;/O

;/O ;/O ;/O62EA 62EA 62EA 62EA

=

= = =* * * *';$ ';$ ';$ ';$/ / / /1 1 1 1

36 $&&

$&& $&& $&&H?? H?? H?? H??((* ((* ((* ((*$" $" $" $"

37 O&(Q

O&(Q O&(Q O&(QM M M M* * * *9 9 9 9

38
:

: : :&.9/R &.9/R &.9/R &.9/R@562 @562 @562 @562S( S( S( S($%9/$%$$ $%9/$%$$ $%9/$%$$ $%9/$%$$

39 )

) ) )

40
'G&(*

'G&(* 'G&(* 'G&(*'; '; '; ';

41
:>%";;""

:>%";;"" :>%";;"" :>%";;""

42 &;"">9&

&;"">9& &;"">9& &;"">9&= = = = > > > >= = = = > > > >= = = = ((* ((* ((* ((*

43 ;&;>;"">

;&;>;""> ;&;>;""> ;&;>;""># # # #> > > ># # # #>;K>;/>; >;K>;/>; >;K>;/>; >;K>;/>;1 1 1 1:>; :>; :>; :>;1 1 1 1(* (* (* (*

44 ;&;"">$>

;&;"">$> ;&;"">$> ;&;"">$># # # #> > > ># # # #> > > ># # # #> > > ># # # #>;"" >;"" >;"" >;""1 1 1 1:>;"" :>;"" :>;"" :>;""1 1 1 1(* (* (* (*

45 ;%&;""(*

;%&;""(* ;%&;""(* ;%&;""(*

46 0

0:% :% :% :%

Outline

" #W " #W " #W " #W

&) install_sound

load_sample

SLIDE 55

55

47 $/;%&;(* $/;%&;(* $/;%&;(* $/;%&;(*$/;;% $/;;% $/;;% $/;;%

48 $/;%&;""(*

$/;%&;""(* $/;%&;""(* $/;%&;""(*$/;"";% $/;"";% $/;"";% $/;"";%

49
$/$%&;(*

$/$%&;(* $/$%&;(* $/$%&;(*

$/;$"

$/;$" $/;$" $/;$"

50
#

# # #* * * *

51 0

0" " " "

52
&(

&( &( &(P"$. P"$. P"$. P"$.

53

54 ' ' ' ''G&( 'G&( 'G&( 'G&('$; '$; '$; '$;

55 )

) ) )

56
$:

$: $: $:&() &() &() &()

57
$

$ $ $

EIAD
EIAD
EIAD
EIAD!

! ! !

58 CC;K*

CC;K* CC;K* CC;K*'; '; '; ';

59 CC;/*

CC;/* CC;/* CC;/*';: ';: ';: ';:

60
;9

;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

61
$

$ $ $H3EIAD H3EIAD H3EIAD H3EIAD! ! ! !

62 CC;K*

CC;K* CC;K* CC;K*'; '; '; ';

63
11

11 11 11;/* ;/* ;/* ;/*';% ';% ';% ';%

64
;9

;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

65
$

$ $ $-?D

?D
?D
?D!

! ! !

66
11

11 11 11;K* ;K* ;K* ;K*';" ';" ';" ';"

67 CC;/*

CC;/* CC;/* CC;/*';: ';: ';: ';:

68
;9

;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

69
$

$ $ $H3?D H3?D H3?D H3?D! ! ! !

70
11

11 11 11;K* ;K* ;K* ;K*';" ';" ';" ';"

71
11

11 11 11;/* ;/* ;/* ;/*';% ';% ';% ';%

72
;9

;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

73 0

0$: $: $: $:

74
Outline

" #W " #W " #W " #W

') :

SLIDE 56

56

75

9$;$P""$

9$;$P""$ 9$;$P""$ 9$;$P""$

76

77

";$""%;

";$""%; ";$""%; ";$""%;

78
"

" " "&;/O &;/O &;/O &;/O<# <# <# <#TT;/O TT;/O TT;/O TT;/OMM# MM# MM# MM#( ( ( (

79 '$7&(*

'$7&(* '$7&(* '$7&(*

80

81

";$"""

";$""" ";$""" ";$"""

82
"

" " "&;KO &;KO &;KO &;KO# # # #TT;KO TT;KO TT;KO TT;KO8## 8## 8## 8##( ( ( (

83 '$A+&(*

'$A+&(* '$A+&(* '$A+&(*

84 0

0"'G "'G "'G "'G

85

86 ' ' ' ''$7&( '$7&( '$7&( '$7&('$;P$% '$;P$% '$;P$% '$;P$%1 1 1 1: : : :

87 )

) ) )

88
"

" " "&&Q &&Q &&Q &&Q

=

= = =(OO (OO (OO (OO# # # #( ( ( (,:,$';$ ,:,$';$ ,:,$';$ ,:,$';$

89 CC*

CC* CC* CC*9;$'% 9;$'% 9;$'% 9;$'%

90 $

$ $ $,%,$;$ ,%,$;$ ,%,$;$ ,%,$;$

91
11

11 11 11* * * *9;$': 9;$': 9;$': 9;$':

92
%/$%&;>

%/$%&;> %/$%&;> %/$%&;>= = = = > > > >=N =N =N =N> > > >### ### ### ###> > > ># # # #(* (* (* (*

%/,;,$

%/,;,$ %/,;,$ %/,;,$

93 0

0"'$7 "'$7 "'$7 "'$7

Outline

" #W " #W " #W " #W

#) :

SLIDE 57

57

94 95 ' ' ' ''$A+&( '$A+&( '$A+&( '$A+&('$$+ '$$+ '$$+ '$$+

96 )

) ) )

97 O&C

O&C O&C O&C= = = =(Q (Q (Q (QM M M M* * * *'$+ '$+ '$+ '$+

98
%/$%&;>

%/$%&;> %/$%&;> %/$%&;>= = = = > > > >=N =N =N =N> > > >### ### ### ###> > > ># # # #(* (* (* (*

%/,;,$

%/,;,$ %/,;,$ %/,;,$

99 0
"'$A+

"'$A+ "'$A+ "'$A+

Outline

" #W " #W " #W " #W

)) :

SLIDE 58

58

15.7 Keyboard Input

#

– E$

$9/; $9/; $9/; $9/;

– - – '- – .-

SLIDE 59

59

15.7 Keyboard Input

9/ 9/ 9/ 9/

– -

– G-&

– #-$ ML $ " – - &9/ 9/ 9/ 9/

'-@5

@5 @5 @5

'@5632

@5632 @5632 @5632

– E&$9/R@5632 9/R@5632 9/R@5632 9/R@5632S S S S M $" – " " " " --

SLIDE 60

60

1 #!" # #!" # #!" # #!" #

2

%$9/;% %$9/;% %$9/;% %$9/;%

3
4

5 $/;$$";P$%$$;$ $/;$$";P$%$$;$ $/;$$";P$%$$;$ $/;$$";P$%$$;$

6

" " " "-EIAD#

EIAD#
EIAD#
EIAD#
7

" " " "H3EIAD H3EIAD H3EIAD H3EIAD

8

" " " "-?D=

?D=
?D=
?D=
9

" " " "H3? H3? H3? H3?D< D< D< D<

10

11 "%/%$ "%/%$ "%/%$ "%/%$

12 '

' ' ''G& 'G& 'G& 'G&' ' ' '(* (* (* (*

13 '

' ' '$%D@/;& $%D@/;& $%D@/;& $%D@/;&' ' ' '(* (* (* (*

14 '

' ' ''$7& '$7& '$7& '$7&' ' ' '(* (* (* (*

15 '

' ' ''$A+& '$A+& '$A+& '$A+&' ' ' '(* (* (* (*

16

17

;K*

;K* ;K* ;K*;P$K ;P$K ;P$K ;P$K1 1 1 1

18
;/*

;/* ;/* ;/*;P$/ ;P$/ ;P$/ ;P$/1 1 1 1

19
;?/*

;?/* ;?/* ;?/*

/

/ / /1 1 1 1""% ""% ""% ""%

20
;E/*

;E/* ;E/* ;E/*

/

/ / /1 1 1 1"% "% "% "%

21
*

* * *;P$ ;P$ ;P$ ;P$

22 GD3;*

GD3;* GD3;* GD3;*%;P$;% %;P$;% %;P$;% %;P$;%

23 GD3;*

GD3;* GD3;* GD3;*

%%P$;%

%%P$;% %%P$;% %%P$;%

24 GD3;""*

GD3;""* GD3;""* GD3;""*%;"" %;"" %;"" %;""

25 63?;*

63?;* 63?;* 63?;*%$" %$" %$" %$"

26
Outline

" # " # " # " #

"/ <

2.6

SLIDE 61

61

27

&

& & &

'

' ' '

(

( ( (

28 )

) ) )

29
"$>$%%$

"$>$%%$ "$>$%%$ "$>$%%$

30 &(*

&(* &(* &(*+ + + +

31 $9/;&(*

$9/;&(* $9/;&(* $9/;&(*$9/;"$ $9/;"$ $9/;"$ $9/;"$

32 $$&

$$& $$& $$&IHDD2D IHDD2D IHDD2D IHDD2D> > > >H H H HDD2D DD2D DD2D DD2D> > > >H?? H?? H?? H??(* (* (* (*

33 $%&

$%& $%& $%&8 8 8 8(* (* (* (*$%8 $%8 $%8 $%81 1 1 1; ; ; ;

34 $"K&

$"K& $"K& $"K&ILHDD2D ILHDD2D ILHDD2D ILHDD2D> > > >8M# 8M# 8M# 8M#> > > >MN# MN# MN# MN#> > > ># # # #> > > ># # # #(* (* (* (*$%$ $%$ $%$ $%$

35 ;O;%&

;O;%& ;O;%& ;O;%&,;;%, ,;;%, ,;;%, ,;;%,> > > >H?? H?? H?? H??(* (* (* (*;;% ;;% ;;% ;;%

36
;O

;O ;O ;O;%& ;%& ;%& ;%&,;;%, ,;;%, ,;;%, ,;;%,> > > >H?? H?? H?? H??(* (* (* (*

;;%

;;% ;;% ;;%

37 ;""O;%&

;""O;%& ;""O;%& ;""O;%&62E- 62E- 62E- 62E-> > > >62EA 62EA 62EA 62EA(* (* (* (*;"" ;"" ;"" ;""

38 ;O$%&

;O$%& ;O$%& ;O$%&,;:', ,;:', ,;:', ,;:',(* (* (* (*$" $" $" $"

39 ;KO

;KO ;KO ;KO62E- 62E- 62E- 62E-

=

= = =* * * *';$ ';$ ';$ ';$K K K K1 1 1 1

40 ;/O

;/O ;/O ;/O62EA 62EA 62EA 62EA

=

= = =* * * *';$/ ';$/ ';$/ ';$/1 1 1 1

41
;?/O

;?/O ;?/O ;?/O62EA 62EA 62EA 62EA

=

= = =* * * *

'"%$/

'"%$/ '"%$/ '"%$/1 1 1 1

42
;E/O

;E/O ;E/O ;E/O62EA 62EA 62EA 62EA

=

= = =* * * *

'%$/

'%$/ '%$/ '%$/1 1 1 1

43 $&&

$&& $&& $&&H?? H?? H?? H??((* ((* ((* ((*$" $" $" $"

44 O&(Q

O&(Q O&(Q O&(QM M M M* * * *9 9 9 9

45
Outline

" # " # " # " #

&/ $% $

SLIDE 62

62

46

:

: : :&.9/R &.9/R &.9/R &.9/R@562 @562 @562 @562S( S( S( S($%9/$%$$ $%9/$%$$ $%9/$%$$ $%9/$%$$

47 )

) ) )

48 'G&(*

'G&(* 'G&(* 'G&(*'; '; '; ';

49
$%D@/;&(*

$%D@/;&(* $%D@/;&(* $%D@/;&(*

$%9/;%

$%9/;% $%9/;% $%9/;%

50
:>%";;""

:>%";;"" :>%";;"" :>%";;""

51
&;"">9&

&;"">9& &;"">9& &;"">9&= = = = > > > >= = = = > > > >= = = = ((* ((* ((* ((*

52 ;&;>;"">

;&;>;""> ;&;>;""> ;&;>;""># # # #> > > ># # # #>;K>;/>; >;K>;/>; >;K>;/>; >;K>;/>;1 1 1 1:>; :>; :>; :>;1 1 1 1(* (* (* (*

53
;&;>;"">

;&;>;""> ;&;>;""> ;&;>;""># # # #> > > ># # # #> > > ># # # #>;?/>; >;?/>; >;?/>; >;?/>;1 1 1 1:>; :>; :>; :>;1 1 1 1(* (* (* (*

54
;&;>;"">

;&;>;""> ;&;>;""> ;&;>;""># # # #> > > ># # # #> > > >8=# 8=# 8=# 8=#>;E/>; >;E/>; >;E/>; >;E/>;1 1 1 1:>; :>; :>; :>;1 1 1 1(* (* (* (*

55 ;&;"">$>

;&;"">$> ;&;"">$> ;&;"">$># # # #> > > ># # # #> > > ># # # #> > > ># # # #>;"" >;"" >;"" >;""1 1 1 1:>;"" :>;"" :>;"" :>;""1 1 1 1(* (* (* (*

56 ;%&;""(*

;%&;""(* ;%&;""(* ;%&;""(*

57 0

0: : : :

58

59 $/;%&;(* $/;%&;(* $/;%&;(* $/;%&;(*$/;;% $/;;% $/;;% $/;;%

60
$/;

$/; $/; $/;%&;(* %&;(* %&;(* %&;(*

$/;;%

$/;;% $/;;% $/;;%

61 $/;%&;""(*

$/;%&;""(* $/;%&;""(* $/;%&;""(*$/;"";% $/;"";% $/;"";% $/;"";%

62 $/$%&;(*

$/$%&;(* $/$%&;(* $/$%&;(*$/;$" $/;$" $/;$" $/;$"

63
#

# # #* * * *

64 0

0" " " "

65 &(

&( &( &(P" P" P" P"$. $. $. $.

66

67 ' ' ' ''G&( 'G&( 'G&( 'G&('$; '$; '$; '$;

Outline

" # " # " # " #

'/ respondToKeyboard while

SLIDE 63

63

68 ) ) ) )

69
$:

$: $: $:&() &() &() &()

70
$

$ $ $

EIAD
EIAD
EIAD
EIAD!

! ! !

71 CC;K*

CC;K* CC;K* CC;K*'; '; '; ';

72 CC;/*

CC;/* CC;/* CC;/*';: ';: ';: ';:

73
;9

;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

74
$

$ $ $H3EIAD H3EIAD H3EIAD H3EIAD! ! ! !

75 CC;K*

CC;K* CC;K* CC;K*'; '; '; ';

76
11

11 11 11;/* ;/* ;/* ;/*';% ';% ';% ';%

77
;9

;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

78
$

$ $ $-?D

?D
?D
?D!

! ! !

79
11

11 11 11;K* ;K* ;K* ;K*';" ';" ';" ';"

80 CC;/*

CC;/* CC;/* CC;/*';: ';: ';: ';:

81
;9

;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

82
$

$ $ $H3?D H3?D H3?D H3?D! ! ! !

83
11

11 11 11;K* ;K* ;K* ;K*';" ';" ';" ';"

84
11

11 11 11;/* ;/* ;/* ;/*';% ';% ';% ';%

85
;9

;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

86 0

0$: $: $: $:

87

88

9$;$P""$

9$;$P""$ 9$;$P""$ 9$;$P""$

89

90

";$

";$ ";$ ";$""%; ""%; ""%; ""%;

91
"

" " "&;/O &;/O &;/O &;/O<# <# <# <#TT;/O TT;/O TT;/O TT;/OMM# MM# MM# MM#( ( ( (

92 '$7&(*

'$7&(* '$7&(* '$7&(*

93

94

";$"""

";$""" ";$""" ";$"""

95
"

" " "&;KO &;KO &;KO &;KO# # # #TT;KO TT;KO TT;KO TT;KO8## 8## 8## 8##( ( ( (

96
'$A+

'$A+ '$A+ '$A+&(* &(* &(* &(*

97 0

0"'G "'G "'G "'G

Outline

" # " # " # " #

#/

SLIDE 64

64

98 99 ' ' ' '$%D@/;&( $%D@/;&( $%D@/;&( $%D@/;&($%$9/;% $%$9/;% $%$9/;% $%$9/;%

100

) ) ) )

101
"

" " "&9/R &9/R &9/R &9/R@5 @5 @5 @5S( S( S( S("$;%$$ "$;%$$ "$;%$$ "$;%$$

102
;?/

;?/ ;?/ ;?/1 1 1 1O O O O< < < <* * * *'"%% '"%% '"%% '"%%

103
"

" " "&9/R &9/R &9/R &9/R@5X @5X @5X @5XS( S( S( S("X$;%$$ "X$;%$$ "X$;%$$ "X$;%$$

104
;?/CO

;?/CO ;?/CO ;?/CO< < < <* * * *'"%: '"%: '"%: '"%:

105

106

"

" " "&9/R &9/R &9/R &9/R@5H3 @5H3 @5H3 @5H3S( S( S( S("%:9/$;%$$ "%:9/$;%$$ "%:9/$;%$$ "%:9/$;%$$

107
;E/

;E/ ;E/ ;E/1 1 1 1O O O O< < < <* * * *'%% '%% '%% '%%

108
"

" " "&9/R &9/R &9/R &9/R@5- @5- @5- @5-

S(

S( S( S("::9/$;%$$ "::9/$;%$$ "::9/$;%$$ "::9/$;%$$

109
;E/CO

;E/CO ;E/CO ;E/CO< < < <* * * *'%: '%: '%: '%:

110

111

9$%$

9$%$ 9$%$ 9$%$P""$ P""$ P""$ P""$

112
"

" " "&;?/ &;?/ &;?/ &;?/<# <# <# <#( ( ( (""%$""% ""%$""% ""%$""% ""%$""%

113
;?/O

;?/O ;?/O ;?/O<# <# <# <#* * * *

114
$

$ $ $

"

" " "&;?/ &;?/ &;?/ &;?/<N# <N# <N# <N#( ( ( ("" "" "" ""%$""; %$""; %$""; %$"";

115
;?/O

;?/O ;?/O ;?/O<N# <N# <N# <N#* * * *

116
"

" " "&;E/ &;E/ &;E/ &;E/<# <# <# <#( ( ( ("%$""% "%$""% "%$""% "%$""%

117
;E/O

;E/O ;E/O ;E/O<# <# <# <#* * * *

118
$"

$" $" $"&;E/ &;E/ &;E/ &;E/<N# <N# <N# <N#( ( ( ("%$""; "%$""; "%$""; "%$"";

119
;E/O

;E/O ;E/O ;E/O<N# <N# <N# <N#* * * *

120

0"$%D@/; "$%D@/; "$%D@/; "$%D@/;

121
Outline

" # " # " # " #

)/ respondToKeyboard

if key

SLIDE 65

65

122 ' ' ' ''$7&( '$7&( '$7&( '$7&('$;P$% '$;P$% '$;P$% '$;P$%1 1 1 1: : : :

123

) ) ) )

124
"

" " "&&Q &&Q &&Q &&Q= = = =(OO (OO (OO (OO# # # #( ( ( (,:,$';$ ,:,$';$ ,:,$';$ ,:,$';$

125

CC* CC* CC* CC*9;$'% 9;$'% 9;$'% 9;$'%

126

$ $ $ $,%, ,%, ,%, ,%,$;$ $;$ $;$ $;$

127
11

11 11 11* * * *9;$': 9;$': 9;$': 9;$':

128

%/$%&;> %/$%&;> %/$%&;> %/$%&;>= = = = > > > >=N =N =N =N> > > >### ### ### ###> > > ># # # #(* (* (* (*%/,;,$ %/,;,$ %/,;,$ %/,;,$

129

0"'$7 "'$7 "'$7 "'$7

130

131 ' ' ' ''$A+ '$A+ '$A+ '$A+&( &( &( &('$$+ '$$+ '$$+ '$$+

132

) ) ) )

133

O&C O&C O&C O&C= = = =(Q (Q (Q (QM M M M* * * *'$+ '$+ '$+ '$+

134

%/$%& %/$%& %/$%& %/$%&; ; ; ;> > > >= = = = > > > >=N =N =N =N> > > >### ### ### ###> > > ># # # #(* (* (* (*%/,;,$ %/,;,$ %/,;,$ %/,;,$

135

0"'$A "'$A "'$A "'$A+ + + +

Outline

" # " # " # " #

5/

SLIDE 66

66

Outline

" # " # " # " #

//

SLIDE 67

67

15.8 Fonts and Displaying Text

+'&

– #$

E

– &$ & – $D D D D

"

" " "

– '" " " " * KD D D D

SLIDE 68

68

15.8 Fonts and Displaying Text

" " " "

– , – '- K

$H??

H?? H?? H??

– 6D D D D H?? H?? H?? H??

$/" $/" $/" $/"

– + – '-D D D D – 6

SLIDE 69

69

15.8 Fonts and Displaying Text

+'&

– %$ K%"K K%"K K%"K K%"K &

K%"K

K%"K K%"K K%"K

– + – '-KGD3 GD3 GD3 GD3$D D D D$ $ – E & – &

SLIDE 70

70

15.8 Fonts and Displaying Text

K%"K K%"K K%"K K%"K

– '" " & – E&

&
<9

9 9 9

<1

1 1 1

–
'$
# $

SLIDE 71

71

Function prototype Description

'K%"K&GD3;%> $D">K>/> >;2> $">(

";%

$ 68 9 'K%"K& GD3;%>$D"> K>/>> ;2>$

">
(
2K%"K6

89

'K%"K&

GD3;%>$D"> K>/>> ;2>$

">
(
2K%"K6

89

K&$D">

$$( ( !

K&$D">

$$( ( !

Fig. 15.11 | Functions that are useful for drawing text onto a bitmap.

SLIDE 72

72

1 =!" = =!" = =!" = =!" =

2

$%/K$ $%/K$ $%/K$ $%/K$

3
4

5 $/;$$";P$%$$;$ $/;$$";P$%$$;$ $/;$$";P$%$$;$ $/;$$";P$%$$;$

6

" " " "-EIAD#

EIAD#
EIAD#
EIAD#
7

" " " "H3EIAD H3EIAD H3EIAD H3EIAD

8

" " " "-?D=

?D=
?D=
?D=
9

" " " "H3?D H3?D H3?D H3?D< < < <

10

11 "%/%$ "%/%$ "%/%$ "%/%$

12 '

' ' ''G& 'G& 'G& 'G&' ' ' '(* (* (* (*

13 '

' ' '$%D@/;& $%D@/;& $%D@/;& $%D@/;&' ' ' '(* (* (* (*

14 '

' ' ''$7& '$7& '$7& '$7&' ' ' '(* (* (* (*

15 '

' ' ''$A+& '$A+& '$A+& '$A+&' ' ' '(* (* (* (*

16

17

;K*

;K* ;K* ;K*;P$K ;P$K ;P$K ;P$K1 1 1 1

18
;/*

;/* ;/* ;/*;P$/ ;P$/ ;P$/ ;P$/1 1 1 1

19
;?/*

;?/* ;?/* ;?/*/ / / /1 1 1 1""% ""% ""% ""%

20
;E/*

;E/* ;E/* ;E/*/ / / /1 1 1 1"% "% "% "%

21
$?*

$?* $?* $?*

$""%/

$""%/ $""%/ $""%/

22
$E*

$E* $E* $E*

$"%/

$"%/ $"%/ $"%/

23
*

* * *;P$ ;P$ ;P$ ;P$

24 GD3;*

GD3;* GD3;* GD3;*%;P$;% %;P$;% %;P$;% %;P$;%

25 GD3;*

GD3;* GD3;* GD3;*%%P$;% %%P$;% %%P$;% %%P$;%

26 GD3;""*

GD3;""* GD3;""* GD3;""*%;"" %;"" %;"" %;""

27 63?;*

63?;* 63?;* 63?;*%$" %$" %$" %$"

28 D

D D D%* %* %* %*

%""

%"" %"" %""

29
Outline

" = " = " = " =

"5 2. 6 % FONT*

SLIDE 73

73

30

&

& & &

'

' ' '

(

( ( (

31 )

) ) )

32
"$>$%%$

"$>$%%$ "$>$%%$ "$>$%%$

33 &(*

&(* &(* &(*+ + + +

34 $9/;&(*

$9/;&(* $9/;&(* $9/;&(*$9/;"$ $9/;"$ $9/;"$ $9/;"$

35 $$&

$$& $$& $$&IHDD2D IHDD2D IHDD2D IHDD2D> > > >H H H HDD2D DD2D DD2D DD2D> > > >H?? H?? H?? H??(* (* (* (*

36 $%&

$%& $%& $%&8 8 8 8(* (* (* (*$%8 $%8 $%8 $%81 1 1 1; ; ; ;

37 $"K&

$"K& $"K& $"K&ILHDD2D ILHDD2D ILHDD2D ILHDD2D> > > >8M# 8M# 8M# 8M#> > > >MN# MN# MN# MN#> > > ># # # #> > > ># # # #(* (* (* (*$%$ $%$ $%$ $%$

38 ;O;%&

;O;%& ;O;%& ;O;%&,;;%, ,;;%, ,;;%, ,;;%,> > > >H?? H?? H?? H??(* (* (* (*;;% ;;% ;;% ;;%

39 ;O

;O ;O ;O;%& ;%& ;%& ;%&,;;%, ,;;%, ,;;%, ,;;%,> > > >H?? H?? H?? H??(* (* (* (*;;% ;;% ;;% ;;%

40 ;""O;%&

;""O;%& ;""O;%& ;""O;%&62E- 62E- 62E- 62E-> > > >62EA 62EA 62EA 62EA(* (* (* (*;"" ;"" ;"" ;""

41 ;O$%&

;O$%& ;O$%& ;O$%&,;:', ,;:', ,;:', ,;:',(* (* (* (*$" $" $" $"

42
%O"&

%O"& %O"& %O"&,%"%K,>H?? ,%"%K,>H?? ,%"%K,>H?? ,%"%K,>H??> > > >H?? H?? H?? H??(* (* (* (*

"

" " "

43 ;KO62E-

;KO62E- ;KO62E- ;KO62E-= = = =* * * *';$K ';$K ';$K ';$K1 1 1 1

44 ;/O62EA

;/O62EA ;/O62EA ;/O62EA= = = =* * * *';$/ ';$/ ';$/ ';$/1 1 1 1

45 ;?/O62EA

;?/O62EA ;?/O62EA ;?/O62EA= = = =* * * *'"%$/ '"%$/ '"%$/ '"%$/1 1 1 1

46 ;E/O62EA

;E/O62EA ;E/O62EA ;E/O62EA= = = =* * * *'%$/ '%$/ '%$/ '%$/1 1 1 1

47
$?O

$?O $?O $?O# # # #* * * *

$"%/P$$#

$"%/P$$# $"%/P$$# $"%/P$$#

48
$EO

$EO $EO $EO# # # #* * * *

$%/P$$#

$%/P$$# $%/P$$# $%/P$$#

49 $&&

$&& $&& $&&H?? H?? H?? H??((* ((* ((* ((*$" $" $" $"

50 O&(Q

O&(Q O&(Q O&(QM M M M* * * *9 9 9 9

51
Outline

" = " = " = " =

&5 load_font

SLIDE 74

74

52

:

: : :&.9/R &.9/R &.9/R &.9/R@562 @562 @562 @562S( S( S( S($%9/$%$$ $%9/$%$$ $%9/$%$$ $%9/$%$$

53 )

) ) )

54 'G&(*

'G&(* 'G&(* 'G&(*'; '; '; ';

55 $%D@/;&(*

$%D@/;&(* $%D@/;&(* $%D@/;&(*$%9/;% $%9/;% $%9/;% $%9/;%

56
:>%";;""

:>%";;"" :>%";;"" :>%";;""

57
&;"">9&

&;"">9& &;"">9& &;"">9&= = = = > > > >= = = = > > > >= = = = ((* ((* ((* ((*

58 ;&;>;"">

;&;>;""> ;&;>;""> ;&;>;""># # # #> > > ># # # #>;K>;/>; >;K>;/>; >;K>;/>; >;K>;/>;1 1 1 1:>; :>; :>; :>;1 1 1 1(* (* (* (*

59 ;&;>;"">

;&;>;""> ;&;>;""> ;&;>;""># # # #> > > ># # # #> > > ># # # #>;?/>; >;?/>; >;?/>; >;?/>;1 1 1 1:>; :>; :>; :>;1 1 1 1(* (* (* (*

60 ;&;>;"">

;&;>;""> ;&;>;""> ;&;>;""># # # #> > > ># # # #> > > >8=# 8=# 8=# 8=#>;E/>; >;E/>; >;E/>; >;E/>;1 1 1 1:>; :>; :>; :>;1 1 1 1(* (* (* (*

61
:K;""

:K;"" :K;"" :K;""

62
K%"K&;"">%>

K%"K&;"">%> K%"K&;"">%> K%"K&;"">%>U U U U > > > ># # # #>9& >9& >9& >9&# # # #> > > ># # # #> > > ># # # #(> (> (> (>

63
1

1 1 1

>

> > >,?"3/6!Q, ,?"3/6!Q, ,?"3/6!Q, ,?"3/6!Q,>$?(* >$?(* >$?(* >$?(*

64
K%"K&;"">%>

K%"K&;"">%> K%"K&;"">%> K%"K&;"">%>M## M## M## M##> > > ># # # #>9& >9& >9& >9&# # # #> > > ># # # #> > > ># # # #(> (> (> (>

65
1

1 1 1

>

> > >,E3/6!Q, ,E3/6!Q, ,E3/6!Q, ,E3/6!Q,>$E(* >$E(* >$E(* >$E(*

66 ;&;"">$>

;&;"">$> ;&;"">$> ;&;"">$># # # #> > > ># # # #> > > ># # # #> > > ># # # #>;"" >;"" >;"" >;""1 1 1 1:>;"" :>;"" :>;"" :>;""1 1 1 1(* (* (* (*

67 ;%&;""(*

;%&;""(* ;%&;""(* ;%&;""(*

68 0

0: : : :

69

70

$/;%&;(*

$/;%&;(* $/;%&;(* $/;%&;(*$/;;% $/;;% $/;;% $/;;%

71 $/;%&;(*

$/;%&;(* $/;%&;(* $/;%&;(*$/;;% $/;;% $/;;% $/;;%

72 $/;%&;""(*

$/;%&;""(* $/;%&;""(* $/;%&;""(*$/;"";% $/;"";% $/;"";% $/;"";%

73 $/$%&;(*

$/$%&;(* $/$%&;(* $/$%&;(*$/;$" $/;$" $/;$" $/;$"

74
$/"&%(*

$/"&%(* $/"&%(* $/"&%(*

$/"

$/" $/" $/"

75
#

# # #* * * *

76 0

0" " " "

77 &(

&( &( &(P"$. P"$. P"$. P"$.

78
Outline

" = " = " = " =

'5 textprintf_ex

SLIDE 75

75

79 ' ' ' ''G&( 'G&( 'G&( 'G&('$; '$; '$; '$;

80 )

) ) )

81
$:

$: $: $:&() &() &() &()

82
$

$ $ $

EIAD
EIAD
EIAD
EIAD!

! ! !

83 CC;K*

CC;K* CC;K* CC;K*'; '; '; ';

84 CC;/*

CC;/* CC;/* CC;/*';: ';: ';: ';:

85
;9

;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

86
$

$ $ $H3EI H3EI H3EI H3EIAD AD AD AD! ! ! !

87 CC;K*

CC;K* CC;K* CC;K*'; '; '; ';

88
11

11 11 11;/* ;/* ;/* ;/*';% ';% ';% ';%

89
;9

;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

90
$

$ $ $-?D

?D
?D
?D!

! ! !

91
11

11 11 11;K* ;K* ;K* ;K*';" ';" ';" ';"

92 CC;/*

CC;/* CC;/* CC;/*';: ';: ';: ';:

93
;9

;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

94
$

$ $ $H3?D H3?D H3?D H3?D! ! ! !

95
11

11 11 11;K* ;K* ;K* ;K*';" ';" ';" ';"

96
11

11 11 11;/* ;/* ;/* ;/*';% ';% ';% ';%

97
;9

;9 ;9 ;9* * * *

98 0

0$: $: $: $:

99

100

9$;$P""

9$;$P"" 9$;$P"" 9$;$P""$ $ $ $

101

102

";$""%;

";$""%; ";$""%; ";$""%;

103
"

" " "&;/O &;/O &;/O &;/O<# <# <# <#TT;/O TT;/O TT;/O TT;/OMM# MM# MM# MM#( ( ( (

104

'$7&(* '$7&(* '$7&(* '$7&(*

Outline

" = " = " = " =

#5

SLIDE 76

76

105 106

";$"""

";$""" ";$""" ";$"""

107
"

" " "&;KO &;KO &;KO &;KO# # # #TT;KO TT;KO TT;KO TT;KO8## 8## 8## 8##( ( ( (

108

'$A+&(* '$A+&(* '$A+&(* '$A+&(*

109

0"'G "'G "'G "'G

110

111 ' ' ' '$%D@/;&( $%D@/;&( $%D@/;&( $%D@/;&($%$9/;% $%$9/;% $%$9/;% $%$9/;%

112

) ) ) )

113
"

" " "&9/R &9/R &9/R &9/R@5 @5 @5 @5S( S( S( S("$;%$$ "$;%$$ "$;%$$ "$;%$$

114

;?/ ;?/ ;?/ ;?/1 1 1 1O O O O< < < <* * * *'"%% '"%% '"%% '"%%

115
"

" " "&9/R &9/R &9/R &9/R@5X @5X @5X @5XS( S( S( S("X$;%$$ "X$;%$$ "X$;%$$ "X$;%$$

116

;?/CO ;?/CO ;?/CO ;?/CO< < < <* * * *'"%: '"%: '"%: '"%:

117

118

"

" " "&9/R &9/R &9/R &9/R@5H3 @5H3 @5H3 @5H3S( S( S( S("%:9/$;%$$ "%:9/$;%$$ "%:9/$;%$$ "%:9/$;%$$

119

;E/ ;E/ ;E/ ;E/1 1 1 1O O O O< < < <* * * *'%% '%% '%% '%%

120
"

" " "&9/R &9/R &9/R &9/R@5 @5 @5 @5-

S(

S( S( S("::9/$;%$$ "::9/$;%$$ "::9/$;%$$ "::9/$;%$$

121

;E/CO ;E/CO ;E/CO ;E/CO< < < <* * * *'%: '%: '%: '%:

122

123

9$%

9$% 9$% 9$%$P""$ $P""$ $P""$ $P""$

124
"

" " "&;?/ &;?/ &;?/ &;?/<# <# <# <#( ( ( (""%$""% ""%$""% ""%$""% ""%$""%

125

;?/O ;?/O ;?/O ;?/O<# <# <# <#* * * *

126
$"

$" $" $"&;?/ &;?/ &;?/ &;?/<N# <N# <N# <N#( ( ( (" " " ""%$""; "%$""; "%$""; "%$"";

127

;?/O ;?/O ;?/O ;?/O<N# <N# <N# <N#* * * *

128
"

" " "&;E/ &;E/ &;E/ &;E/<# <# <# <#( ( ( ("%$""% "%$""% "%$""% "%$""%

129

;E/O ;E/O ;E/O ;E/O<# <# <# <#* * * *

130
$"

$" $" $"&;E/ &;E/ &;E/ &;E/<N# <N# <N# <N#( ( ( ("%$""; "%$""; "%$""; "%$"";

131

;E/O ;E/O ;E/O ;E/O<N# <N# <N# <N#* * * *

132

0"$%D@/; "$%D@/; "$%D@/; "$%D@/;

133
Outline

" = " = " = " =

)5

SLIDE 77

77

134 ' ' ' ''$7&( '$7&( '$7&( '$7&('$;P$% '$;P$% '$;P$% '$;P$%1 1 1 1: : : :

135

) ) ) )

136
"

" " "&&Q &&Q &&Q &&Q= = = =(OO (OO (OO (OO# # # #( ( ( (,:,$';$ ,:,$';$ ,:,$';$ ,:,$';$

137

CC* CC* CC* CC*9;$'% 9;$'% 9;$'% 9;$'%

138

$ $ $ $,%, ,%, ,%, ,%,$;$ $;$ $;$ $;$

139
11

11 11 11* * * *9;$': 9;$': 9;$': 9;$':

140

%/$%&;> %/$%&;> %/$%&;> %/$%&;>= = = = > > > >=N =N =N =N> > > >### ### ### ###> > > ># # # #(* (* (* (*%/,;,$ %/,;,$ %/,;,$ %/,;,$

141

0"'$7 "'$7 "'$7 "'$7

142

143 ' ' ' ''$A+ '$A+ '$A+ '$A+&( &( &( &('$$+ '$$+ '$$+ '$$+

144

) ) ) )

145

O&C O&C O&C O&C= = = =(Q (Q (Q (QM M M M* * * *'$+ '$+ '$+ '$+

146

%/$%&;> %/$%&;> %/$%&;> %/$%&;>= = = = > > > >=N =N =N =N> > > >### ### ### ###> > > ># # # #(* (* (* (*%/,;,$ %/,;,$ %/,;,$ %/,;,$

147

0"'$A "'$A "'$A "'$A+ + + +

Outline

" = " = " = " =

55

SLIDE 78

78

15.9 Implementing the Game of Pong

<#

– '

.-

.-

– #$ – 2-

– - $

" " " "

SLIDE 79

79

15.9 Implementing the Game of Pong

– #$ $ – 2*

– +

– '-&KGD3 GD3 GD3 GD3 – E – " " – E" " – &*K9 9 9 9

SLIDE 80

80

1 <!" < <!" < <!" < <!" <

2

$%3 $%3 $%3 $%3

3
4

5 $/;$$";P$%$$;$ $/;$$";P$%$$;$ $/;$$";P$%$$;$ $/;$$";P$%$$;$

6

" " " "-EIAD#

EIAD#
EIAD#
EIAD#
7

" " " "H3EIAD H3EIAD H3EIAD H3EIAD

8

" " " "-?D=

?D=
?D=
?D=
9

" " " "H3?D< H3?D< H3?D< H3?D<

10

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" M " M " M " M

&/ moveBall ) respondToKeyboard "* install_timer

SLIDE 95

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'/ <moveBall respondToKeyboard while ? while remove_int

SLIDE 96

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86 )

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88
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SLIDE 98

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SLIDE 100

100

15.11 The Grabber and Allegro Datafiles

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SLIDE 101

101

15.11 The Grabber and Allegro Datafiles

I

– + *- – '- – G& &

SLIDE 102

102

Fig. 15.15 | Allegro’s grabber utility.

SLIDE 103

103

15.11 The Grabber and Allegro Datafiles

E

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SLIDE 104

104

15.11 The Grabber and Allegro Datafiles

J

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SLIDE 105

105

Fig. 15.16 | Adding a bitmap to a datafile.

SLIDE 106

106

15.11 The Grabber and Allegro Datafiles

J

– J$

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SLIDE 107

107

Fig. 15.17 | Applying an imported bitmap to an object.

SLIDE 108

108

15.11 The Grabber and Allegro Datafiles

J

– I- ?,,J – +& – &

SLIDE 109

109

Fig. 15.18 | A complete imported object.

SLIDE 110

110

15.11 The Grabber and Allegro Datafiles

#

– ?,,J – 6

#J

– '$ J(A ) (%J) – %J$(I) J&

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SLIDE 111

111

Fig. 15.19 | The grabber window after importing all of our objects.

SLIDE 112

112

15.11 The Grabber and Allegro Datafiles

– ?() $% % % % (!) – ' -

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SLIDE 113

113

15.11 The Grabber and Allegro Datafiles

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SLIDE 114

114

15.11 The Grabber and Allegro Datafiles

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SLIDE 115

115

1 ";4K$>%;/;;'M=#>I-<= ";4K$>%;/;;'M=#>I-<= ";4K$>%;/;;'M=#>I-<= ";4K$>%;/;;'M=#>I-<=

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SLIDE 116

116

15.11 The Grabber and Allegro Datafiles

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SLIDE 117

117

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17

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SLIDE 118

118

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41 ;?/O

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49
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50 $&$%D@/;>

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51
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" = " = " = " =

&/ load_datafile

SLIDE 119

119

52

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54
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56
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