12 - PDF document

ﻲﻜﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﺖﺴﭘ ﺖﻴﻨﻣا ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣﻞﺼﻓ 12 بﺎﺘﻛ زا Network Security, Principles and Practice,2nd Ed. ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﺶﻳاﺮﻳو : ﺎﺿر ﺪﻴﻤﺣيرﺎﻳﺮﻬﺷ http://www.fata.ir http://mehr.sharif.edu/~shahriari �� ١ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ � ﺖﺴﭘ ﺖﻴﻨﻣا ﻲﻜﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا PGP � يﺎﻬﻴﮔﮋﻳو PGP � ﺳﺮﻳوﺲيﺎﻫ � اﻮﻧاعهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻴﻠﻛ � ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ � � �� ٢

ﻣا ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧﻨﺖﻴ � هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺴﮔهدﺮﺘ ﺖﺴﭘ ﺲﻳوﺮﺳ زا وﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻧلدﺎﺒﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻜﻴ ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻐﻴﭘ � ﻧزﺎﻴ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ اﺲﻳوﺮﺳ ﻦﻳ ﺑﺮﮕﻳد يﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ياﺮ � ﻦﻴﻤﻀﺗ طﺮﺷ ﻪﺑﻲﮕﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣ زاﺮﺣا وﺖﻳﻮﻫ � ﻲﮕﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣ دﺎﺠﻳا وﺖﻳﻮﻫزاﺮﺣا ياﺮﺑ شور ود PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) � S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail � Extensions) � � �� ٣ ﻲﻜﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﺖﺴﭘ يﺎﻫدادراﺮﻗ SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) � SMTP ﻲﻠﺻا ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ وﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻜﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﺖﺴﭘ دادراﺮﻗ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ . � دادراﺮﻗ ASCII لﺎﺳرا � مﺎﻐﻴﭘ ﻚﻳ يﺎﻫﺪﻛ ترﻮﺼﺑ نآ ﻪﻳآﺮﺳ وﻲﻠﺧاد ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ار ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ . SMTP هداد ياﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﻴﻨﻣا ﭻﻴﻫ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ هﺪﺷ لﺎﺳرا يﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻛ . � � هداد ﻲﻣﺮﻴﺴﻣ لﻮﻃ رد ﺎﻫ هﺪﻧاﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗﺎﻳهﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ هداد ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ . � ﺖﺳا ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﺘﺣاﺮﺑ هﺪﻨﺘﺳﺮﻓ سردآ . MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) � SMTP MIME ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻊﻓر ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻜﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﺖﺴﭘ دادراﺮﻗ ﻚﻳ يﺎﻫ � مﺎﻐﻴﭘ وهدﺎﻴﭘ ﻲﻨﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺪﺷيزﺎﺳ . MIME ﭻﻴﻫ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﻲﺘﻴﻨﻣا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﻛ . � � � �� ٤

PGP ويﺎﻬﻴﮔﮋﻳ Phil Zimmermann � اارﺋﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﻪ � هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺴﮔهدﺮﺘ زا آناﻮﻨﻌﺑنﺲﻳوﺮﺳ ﭘﻲﻜﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﺖﺴ ﻦﻣا � ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يﺎﻬﻤﺘﻳرﻮﮕﻟا ﻚﻳ رد ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ودﻮﺟﻮﻣ يرﺎﮕﻧﺰﻣر ﺪﻨﭼ يدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ هرﻮﻈﻨﻣ Unix � هﺪﻧزادﺮﭘ وﻦﻴﺷﺎﻣ زا ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ياﺮﺟا ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ) ، Macintosh PC (... ، � ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻳ ﺖﻟود ﻂﺳﻮﺗ رﺎﺼﺤﻧا مﺪﻋ صﺎﺧ � ﺖﺳا ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻣ نآ يراﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ وزﺎﺑ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳد viacrypt � ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ يدادراﺮﻗ ﻲﻃ نآ يرﺎﺠﺗ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻴﻬﺗ لﺎﺣ رد � � �� ٥ PGP basic Services Sharif Network Security Center ٦

PGP ﺴﻳوﺮﺳﻬيﺎ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ مﺪﻋ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ : SHA-1 � هﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ 160 زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻴﻟوا مﺎﻐﻴﭘ زا ﻲﺘﻴﺑ RSA � زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ندﺮﻛ ﺰﻣر ياﺮﺑ هﺪﻨﺘﺳﺮﻓ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ وهﺪﻴﻜﭼ � يﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺰﻣر هﺪﻴﻜﭼ قﺎﺤﻟا مﺎﻐﻴﭘ RSA � زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺖﻤﺳ رد هﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ ياﺮﺑ هﺪﻨﺘﺳﺮﻓ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﺎﺑ هﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ � ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ هﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﺎﺑ نآ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ وهﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ مﺎﻐﻴﭘ هﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ � � �� ٧ PGP- Authentication Only �� ٨

PGP ﺴﻳوﺮﺳﻬيﺎ ﻣﻲﮕﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤ � ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ دﺪﻋ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا 128 ﻲﺘﻴﺑ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ مﺎﻐﻴﭘ هﮋﻳو ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ يرﺎﺟ ﺎﻳ 3DES IDEA CAST-128 � ندﺮﻛﺰﻣر زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ مﺎﻐﻴﭘ و ﺎﻳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ هﺪﺷ RSA � ندﺮﻛﺰﻣر زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻢﺘﻳرﻮﮕﻟا ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ وهﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ � ﺪﻴﻠﻛ قﺎﺤﻟا هﺪﺷﺰﻣر لﺎﺳرا ومﺎﻐﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ نآ RSA � زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ وﻲﻳﺎﺸﮔﺰﻣر ياﺮﺑ هﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ � ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد مﺎﻐﻴﭘ ﻲﻳﺎﺸﮔﺰﻣر � � �� ٩ PGP- Confidentiality Only �� ١٠

PGP ﺴﻳوﺮﺳﻬيﺎ � ﻣﻲﮕﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤ + اﺖﻳﻮﻫزاﺮﺣ � ﻪﺑ نآ قﺎﺤﻟا وءﺎﻀﻣا ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻦﺘﻣ CAST-128 � زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻦﺘﻣ وﺎﻀﻣا ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ندﺮﻛ ﺰﻣر RSA � ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ قﺎﺤﻟا هﺪﺷﺰﻣر ﺎﺑ ﻢﺘﻳرﻮﮕﻟا ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻪﺑ قﻮﻓ � لوا اﺮﭼاءﺎﻀﻣاﻲﻤﻗر ﻧﺰﻣر ﺲﭙﺳ ودﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ مﺎﺠﮔيراﺬ ؟ � ﺑﺺﺨﺷ شور ﻦﻳا ﺎﺛﺎﺚﻟﺎﻀﻣا ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ياﺮﺑ ءﻪﻄﺑار رد ﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧ عﻮﻧ ﭻﻴﻫ ﺖﺷاد ﺪﻫاﻮﺨﻧ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﺎﺑ . � � �� ١١ Confidentiality& Authentication �� ١٢

PGP ﺴﻳوﺮﺳﻬيﺎ ﻓهدﺮﺸﺳﺎيز � ﺶﻴﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ضﺮﻓﻓﺸﺮيزﺎﺳ هد ﺲﭘ وءﺎﻀﻣا زا ﻞﺒﻗزادﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا يراﺬﮔﺰﻣر . � ؟ءﺎﻀﻣا زا ﺲﭘ اﺮﭼ � ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺎﻀﻣا ومﺎﻴﭘ ناﻮﺘﺑءهدﺮﺸﻓ ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ نوﺪﺑ ويﺪﻌﺑ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ياﺮﺑ ار ﻲﻳﺎﺸﮔزﺎﺑ ﺎﻳ ويزﺎﺳ دﻮﻤﻧ هﺮﻴﺧذ دﺪﺠﻣ . � ﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا توﺎﻔﺘﻣ يزﺎﺳ هدﺮﺸﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺴﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ زا ﻦﻴﻓﺮﻃ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗرﻮﺻ رد ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ رد ،ﺪﻨ دﻮﺸﻧ دﺎﺠﻳا ﻲﻠﺧاﺪﺗ ﺎﻀﻣا . � اﺮﭼﻗزاﻞﺒرﮔﺰﻣﺬيرا؟ � ﺰﻣر ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻨﺘﻣ ﻲﮕﻧوﺰﻓا وﻢﺠﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ دﻮﺷ � مﺎﻐﻴﭘ يرﺎﻣآ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ � � �� ١٣ PGP ﺴﻳوﺮﺳﻬيﺎ ﻆﻔﺣ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ � ﻞﻜﺸﻣ : � يﺎﻫ هداد ندﺎﺘﺳﺮﻓ يﺮﻨﻳﺎﺑ ﻦﺘﻣ لﺎﺳرا ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻜﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﺖﺴﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺲﻳوﺮﺳ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا ASCII هﺪﺷ ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ ﺪﻧا . � ﻞﺣ هار : ASCII � مﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ هداد ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ يﺮﻨﻳﺎﺑ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ : Radix-64 � زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﮕﻟاﻮﻢﺘﻳر ASCII � ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ 3 ﻪﺑﺖﻳﺎﺑ 4 پﺎﭼ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﺘﻛارﺎﻛ CRC ﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﻪﺑ ينآ � اﺿﺎﻪﻓندﺮﻛ Radix-64 � هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ 33% زاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﺑ يزﺎﺳ هدﺮﺸﻓ و 50%--- < 1. 33 x 0 .5=0.665 � ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ : هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﺑ يزﺎﺳ هدﺮﺸﻓ 1/3 �� ١٤

PGP ﺴﻳوﺮﺳﻬيﺎ ﻗﻌﻄﻪيﺪﻨﺑ � ﻣﺤﺖﻳدوﺪ مﺎﻐﻴﭘ هزاﺪﻧا رد ﻞﻴﻤﻳا يﺎﻫ هﺪﻨﻫد ﺲﻳوﺮﺳ ﻲﻟﺎﺳرا PGP � امﺎﺠﻧ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﺗﻂﺳﻮ ورﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭘزا ﻧاﺠﻪﻴﻠﻛ مﺎﺤﻣﺎتﺎﺒﺳ وتﻼﻳﺪﺒﺗ � ارﺳلﺎرءﺎﻀﻣا ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ وﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻗﻲﻤردﻂﻘﻓاﺘﺑﺪﻪﻌﻄﻗ يا لوا � يور زا ﻲﻠﺻا مﺎﻐﻴﭘ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑﻄﻗﻌﺎﻫﻪدﺳرﻤﺮﻴﮔ ﺖﻧهﺪ ) ﻞﺒﻗ زا ﺮﻫ مﺎﺠﻧاﭘﻲﺷزادﺮ ( � � �� ١٥ �� ١٦

12 - PDF document

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OpenKeychain: An Architecture for Cryptography with Smart Cards and NFC Rings on Android Dominik

CHIMERA: Combining Ring-LWE-based Fully Homomorphic Encryption Schemes Mariya Georgieva 1 , 2 1

Ring Signatures Monero Oct. 14, 2019 Overview Privacy Hierarchy Monero Secretly

Ideal Lattices and Ring-LWE: Overview and Open Problems Chris Peikert Georgia Institute of

Pond: the OceanStore Prototype Sean Rhea, Patrick Eaton, Dennis Geels, Hakim Weatherspoon, Ben

Introduction to Symmetric Cryptography Mar a Naya-Plasencia Inria, France Summer School on

Grover Search and Its Cryptographic Applications Henry Corrigan-Gibbs Qualifying Exam Talk 21

New Algorithms for Quantum (Symmetric) Cryptanalysis Mara Naya-Plasencia 2 , Andr

Attacks on the Mersenne-based AJPS cryptosystem Koen de Boer 1 , L. Ducas 1 , S. Jeffery 1 , 2 , R.

Generic Attacks on Stream Ciphers John Mattsson Generic Attacks on Stream Ciphers 2/22

Stream Ciphers: Cryptanalytic Techniques Thomas Johansson Department of Electrical and

G J Khn Ciphertec cc p gjkuhn@global.co.za Contents Contents Protex: First electronic

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CS 225 Data Structures Ma March 13 BT BTree An Analysis G G Carl Evans BT BTree An

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