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- 1. What are Information Systems?
1. What are Information Systems? 1.1 Introduction to Information - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
1. What are Information Systems? 1.1 Introduction to Information - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
1. What are Information Systems? 1.1 Introduction to Information Systems 1.2 What Is Information? 1.3 Key Elements of Information Systems 1.4 History of Information Systems 1.5 Information Systems Today 1.6 What We Mean by
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1.4 History of Information Systems 1.5 Information Systems Today 1.6 What We Mean by “Digital”
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1.1 Introduction to Information Systems
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The combination of tools and people who come together to manage information
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Technology Process People Data Elements of Information Systems
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Technology Process People Structure Elements of Information Systems
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The people who use and maintain the system The rules and relationships between IS elements The hardware and software that are in use in the IS The information that fills the system as raw material
Elements of Information Systems
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- Hardware includes
telecommunications
- Software includes
apps, OS, and data base systems
Technology
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Process is often embedded into software as well as being rules followed by people
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Does not include the people who invent/create the software nor those who design and build the hardware Information Systems
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1.2 What is Information?
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Information Data that has been
- rganized and
integrated.
- Wisdom
- Knowledge
- Awareness
- Understanding
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Technology Process People Data Elements of Information Systems
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Data integrity is the
- verall completeness,
accuracy and consistency of data. This can be indicated by the absence of alteration between two instances or between two updates of a data record, meaning data is intact and unchanged.
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Data redundancy is a condition created within a database or data storage technology in which the same piece of data is held in two separate places.
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- Data about other
data - used to develop processes for IS Meta-Data
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- Information
Systems are not Information technology. Information
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1.3 Key Elements of Information Systems
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People Those who use and maintain the IS. The only part of the IS that can break the rules
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Technology Hardware and software. The part that everyone recognizes as IT
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Process The rules and relationships within the
- peration of the
- IS. Tell us how to
use the system
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Data The facts that your IS collects, stores, and analyzes to produce useful information
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- All information
systems use these 4 elements but not all in the same way. Information Systems
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1.4 History of Information Systems
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Analog - Uses a measurable factor (analog) to represent specific data Digital - Converts all data into digital bits
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Analog Devices
- Abacus, slide
rule, or vinyl records
- Limited ability to
manipulate or store data
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Slide Rule - Analog computer of 1950
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Early Mainframe Computers Huge, slow, and expensive. No available software and Limited storage for data
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Data The most common storage method was the Hollerith (IBM) punch card
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Telecommunications The only way to manage complex connections between users was human operators
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The history of IS is the increase in speed, storage, and the ability to exchange data across many users
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1.5 Information Systems Today
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All data is stored and manipulated digitally. Analog data from the real world (sounds, images, instrument readings) is converted to digital data.
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Moore’s Law Computer processing speeds will increase at an exponential rate, doubling every 2 years
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5 10 15 20 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Computer Speed
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Modern Computers Fast, interconnected, and using standard software. Everything seems to be a computer today
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Data Storage Storage density and speed also described by Moore’s law. Most data on Earth stored in Info systems
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Telecommunications Most young people in the US today have never used a rotary dial phone and seldom spoken to a telephone operator
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Networking
Ability to connect different elements of the IS continues to increase.
- Wireless
- Satellite
- Broadband
- The Internet
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What looks amazing to us is commonplace to our children and primitive to our grandchildren
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1.6 What We Mean by “Digital”
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Digital data is expressed in Radix 2 - “Base 2” All data is a 1 or a 0 People normally use base 10, because we have 10 fingers to count on.
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100s / 10s / 1s 1 2 8 (1x100) +(2x10)+(8x1) The Number 128 in Base 10
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128s / 64s / 32s / 16s / 8s /4s / 2s / 1s 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128 Base 10 = 10000000 Base 2 The Number 128 in Base 2
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1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1s and 0s are easy to describe electronically
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Digital information can be easily stored and manipulated electronically.
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Digital networks can process all kinds of data - sound, video, text, numbers, etc, because it can all be converted into strings of digital bits
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- A single 1 or 0 = 1 Bit
- 8 Bits = 1 Byte
- 1 million Bytes = 1 Megabyte
- 1 billion Bytes = 1 Gigabyte
- 1 trillion Bytes = 1 Terabyte
1 Byte can describe 255 characters (11111111) All letters, numbers, and punctuation in English
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