1 13 th International Emission Inventory Conference June 7-10, 2004 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 13 th International Emission Inventory Conference June 7-10, 2004 Clearwater, Florida Session 7 Data Management Session 7 Data Management Design of Georeference Design of Georeference- -Based Based Emission Activity Modeling Emission Activity Modeling System (G- -BEAMS) for Japanese BEAMS) for Japanese System (G Emission Inventory Management Emission Inventory Management Keisuke Nansai, Noriyuki Suzuki, , Noriyuki Suzuki, Keisuke Nansai Kiyoshi Tanabe, Shinji Kobayashi and Kiyoshi Tanabe, Shinji Kobayashi and Yuichi Moriguchi Moriguchi Yuichi National Institute for Environmental Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, JAPAN JAPAN

2 Outlines Outlines 1. Background 2. Objective 3. Materials and Methods System functions System configuration Emission calculation Spatial distribution Temporal distribution 4. Conclusions

3 Background Background A systematic emission inventory is needed – to improve accuracy of emission inventory – to manage data and methodologies on emission estimations, and – to quantify effect of countermeasure to reduce pollutants.

4 Objective Objective • The aims of this study are to design a methodology for systematizing an emission inventory building and to develop the emission inventory system actually.

5 Necessities for emission inventory Necessities for emission inventory For emission management For environmental and analysis fate models ・ Emission within calculation ・ Macro total emission ・ Source contribution domain ・ Spatial emission distribution ・ Annual change Different ・ Temporal emission distribution ・ Emission projection concerns ・ emitted media (air, water, soil) ・ Quantification of emission ・ emission condition (height, temp. , reduction measures velocity) (fuels change, new tech.) ・ Chemical species and physical ・ Pollutants to be managed properties of pollutants (GHG, Air pollutants) Needs for emission inventory system ・ Inventories for various types of environmental burdens ・ Easy update of emission factors and activity data ・ Use of top-down and bottom up methods for emission estimation ・ Combination of existing emission data with estimation ・ Finding of data to be modified for accuracy improvement ・ Open access to data and methods

6 Outlines Outlines 1. Background 2. Objective 3. Materials and Methods System functions System configuration Emission calculation Spatial distribution Temporal distribution 4. Conclusions

7 System functions and tools functions and tools System System functions Systematizing tools Inventory generator Inventory generator Programming (Emissions, Spatial and temporal functions distributions) Database Data converter for calculation Data converter for calculation software (Activity data, Factors) GIS Original data storage Original data storage (Statistics, Actual emission survey) User interface User interface

8 Recipe of emission inventory Recipe of emission inventory System User Methods Recipes of emission inventory Emission calculations Emission Database inventory

9 Flow of building emission inventory Flow of building emission inventory User’s request Database Pollutant Year Source Time Add. info Geometry Domain Control factors Read recipe Select Select Select Select Select Select Recipes of estimation methods Generator Activity Control factors Emission source Recipe of emission EF estimation Emission estimation Chem. spec. Recipe of estimation Phy. spec. of emission’s spatial Emission by actual survey distribution Emission survey Spatial distribution Geographic. Info. Recipe of estimation Time of emission’s temporal distribution Temporal distribution SWF Add. Info. Recipe of additional info. GWF Adding emission conditions Recipe of control factors Geometry Other info. Conversion into output geometry Requested area Output

10 Outlines Outlines 1. Background 2. Objective 3. Materials and Methods System functions System configuration Emission calculation Spatial distribution Temporal distribution 4. Conclusions

11 System configuration System configuration 3. Estimation methods 1. Emission activity (Programming function) (Database software) HSCC Emission activity data with Estimation of quantity and +Data distribution of emissions HSCC and LinkID LinkID Method 2 Input/Output Input/Output Method 1 2. Location (GIS) Predefined geometry 100001 100007 100010 100004 given unique number (LinkID) 100002 100005 100008 100011 200005 100003 100006 100009 100012 200004 13 200001 200003 standard layers 300001 300002

12 The standard layers The standard layers ・ Prefecture Grid type ・ City ・ Basin ・ 80km-by-80km ・ Agricultural village ・ 10km-by-10km ・ Sea ・ 5km-by-5km ・ Lake ・ 1km-by-1km ・ River Linear type ・ Road Polygonal type

13 Outlines Outlines 1. Background 2. Objective 3. Materials and Methods System functions System configuration Emission calculation Spatial distribution Temporal distribution 4. Conclusions

14 Main steps of emission inventory Main steps of emission inventory time 4. Temporal 4. Temporal distribution distribution Source A Source B 3. Spatial distribution 3. Spatial distribution Emission quantity Source A Source B 2. Chemical and physical speciation 2. Chemical and physical speciation Emission quantity 1. Emission by source 1. Emission by source

15 Two approaches to building an emission Two approaches to building an emission inventory inventory Top-down approach Bottom-up approach Conversion of emissions on large geometries basis into Conversion of emissions on small geometries emissions on smaller geometries basis basis into emissions on larger geometries basis 0 10 10 10 80 10 20 20 0 Layer 1 Large geometries Layer 2 Small geometries Whole Japan Grids 0 10 10 10 80 10 20 20 0 Layer 1 Layer 2 Smaller geometries Larger geometries Whole Japan Grids

16 Recipe for emission calculation Recipe for emission calculation The inventory recipe format applicable to the top-down and bottom-up approaches <Variations <Database> <Source> <Location> <Method> order> Emission Input order File name Table name HSCC LinkID Function Coal Activity.mdb 100100100 25 F1.exe 1 100100100 F1.exe 2 EF.mdb NOxEF 25 100100200 25 F2.exe Activity.mdb Naphtha 1 100100200 25 F2.exe 2 Activity.mdb BurnRt 100100200 25 F2.exe 3 EF.mdb NOxEF a1=15 F1[a1,a2].exe Activity F1[a1,a2].exe 30 F1= a1 x a2 a2=2 F1= a1 x a2 EF a1=20 F2[a1,a2, a3].exe a2=0.5 50 F2= a1 x a2 x a3 a3=5

17 Main steps of emission inventory Main steps of emission inventory time 4. Temporal 4. Temporal distribution distribution Source A Source B 3. Spatial distribution 3. Spatial distribution Emission quantity Source A Source B 2. Chemical and physical speciation 2. Chemical and physical speciation Emission quantity 1. Emission by sources 1. Emission by sources

18 Speciation of pollutant Speciation of pollutant Emissions Chemical property A Chemical property A X = 200 x 0.3 = 60 (0.3) (0.3) Chemical property B Chemical property B Pollutant [200] X = 200 x 0.6 = 120 Pollutant [200] (0.6) (0.6) Chemical property C Chemical property C X = 200 x 0.1 = 20 (0.1) (0.1) Sum (0.3+0.6+0.1) = 1

19 Main steps of emission inventory Main steps of emission inventory time 4. Temporal 4. Temporal distribution distribution Source A Source B 3. Spatial distribution 3. Spatial distribution Emission quantity Source A Source B 2. Chemical and physical speciation 2. Chemical and physical speciation Emission quantity 1. Emission by sources 1. Emission by sources

20 Spatial distribution Spatial distribution Characteristics of calculation method • Emission conversion based on the spatial weighting factor (SWF) – SWF is defined by geometry on a layer. – SWF is normalized value in each standard layer, or the sum of SWF for all geometries on the layer equals 1. – SWF represents the magnitude of emission activity for a geometry. • The cascade weighting method – It considers the relationship between geographical resolution and uncertainty of public statistics. – It enables us to convert estimated emission based on a layer to emission based on other layer using SWF for each geometry. • The hybrid weighting method – Emissions from actual emission survey, existing emission inventory and emission report can be used as emissions at a geometry in preference to emission estimated by the cascade weighting method.

21 Uncertainty and resolution Uncertainty and resolution The number of Source category Geographical Country City Grid Types of statistical data level 20 % 20 % Many Uncertainty (%) decrease decrease 0 20 40 Uncertainty (Large) 1. Direct conversion from country level into gird level 1 x (1-0.4) = 0.6 (60 %) 2. Cascading conversion from country level into gird level Geographical Little resolution (Small) 1 x (1-0.2) x (1-0.2) = 0.64 (64%) Low High Where, original information quantity is 1 Country Prefecture City Grid Fig. Relationship between types, sector categories and geographical resolution of Japanese statistics applicable as emission activity data