1 Mitochondria are called the A vacuole is the storage area of the - PDF document

Cells have many different functions and come in many shapes and sizes. • But all cells have some parts in common: Cell Structures & Functions – All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. membrane. Cells function similarly in all living C ll f i i il l i ll li i – Cells have organelles, which are organisms. structures inside the cell that have Characteristics distinguish plant cells specific jobs. from animal cells, including chloroplasts and cell walls. Here is a diagram of a typical animal cell and To make cell parts visible under a its parts. microscope, you can apply a stain to the cells. • Methylene blue is a stain often used to look at animal cells. Cell membrane Nucleus • The cell membrane is a • The nucleus is covered with a membrane thin layer that that allows materials to pass in and out. separates the inside of • It’s often called the “control center” of the the cell from its the cell from its cell because it contains DNA. cell because it contains DNA outside environment. • The nucleolus acts as • It keeps the cytoplasm a storage area for inside while letting materials. waste products out. Can you identify the nucleus too? 1

Mitochondria are called the A vacuole is the storage area of the cell. “powerhouses” of cells. • Vacuoles store water, food, and waste. • Mitochondria produce much of the energy a cell needs to carry out its functions. f Ribosomes are the protein factories of The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a the cell. series of tunnels throughout the cytoplasm. • When ribosomes make proteins, they release them into the ER. • They transport proteins from one part of the cell to another. Lysosomes contain enzymes that can Golgi bodies receive proteins and other break things down. compounds from the ER. • Lysosomes pick up • They package these bacteria, food, and old materials and distribute organelles and break them to other parts of them to other parts of them into small pieces the cell. that can be reused. 2

What organelles does this plant cell have The cytoskeleton is a series of fibers in common with the animal cell? made from proteins. • It provides structure to the cell and gives it its shape it its shape. Plant cells have a cell wall, but animal How are plant cells different from cells do not. animal cells? • The cell wall is made of a carbohydrate • Plant cells have called cellulose . chloroplasts, but animal • Cell walls provide structure and support for cells do not. the plant the plant. • A chloroplast is an organelle that contains a green pigment called chlorophyll . When a plant needs water it wilts Plant cells have a large central vacuole because the central vacuoles in its cells that stores cell sap. are empty. • They no longer push against the cell walls to keep the plant upright. • Wate i g the pla t e t • Watering the plant restores water in the e ate i the central vacuoles. 3