1 What treatments are available for How does this compare to people - PDF document

Key Players The Clinical Needs of Adult Firesetters Theresa A. Gannon Lona Lockerbie Nichola Tyler University of Kent Emma Alleyne Magali Barnoux Forensic & Specialist Care Group, KMPT Helen Butler Caoilte Ó Ciardha Harriet Danby Aparna Kapoor Tamsin Lovell Katarina Mozova Elizabeth Spruin Tracey Tostevin University of Kent Trevor Gibbens Unit Characteristics Theory Treatment 2005 – Date 2008 – Date Academic Practitioner University of Kent Trevor Gibbens Unit What are the reoffending rates for people who have set deliberate fires? 1 in 5 2005 – Date 2008 – Date Academic Practitioner 1

What treatments are available for How does this compare to people people who have set deliberate fires? who sexually offend? Very Little 1 in 5 Well Established Treatment Generally Male Ratio = 6 Male:1 Female (Bourget & Bradford, 1989; Stewart, 1991) Generally Low SES Low School Attainment Unskilled Employment (Doley, 2003; Ritchie & Huff,1999) Characteristics Tough Backgrounds Neglectful Parenting Physical/Sexual Abuse Financial Hardship (Bradford, 1982; Slavkin, 2000; Showers & Pickrell,1987) People who set deliberate fires: Interested in fire Generalist Specialist Vs Aggressive/ impulsive Not Unique Unique Criminal attitudes Poor communicators Rice & Chaplin, 1979; Rice & Harris, 1996; Tennent et al., 1971 2

Generalist Specialist Generalist Specialist Vs Vs Not Unique Unique Not Unique Unique Commit various offences Fire is special Commit various offences Fire is special Need general treatment Need special treatment Do individuals who set deliberate fires have unique clinical characteristics? Firesetters versus Offending Non Firesetters Generalist Specialist Vs Not Unique Unique • Interest in serious fires Commit various offences Fire is special • Identify with fire • Normalise fire • Fire safety awareness low • Anger problems Need general treatment Need special treatment • Self esteem issues YES! Reviews Jackson’s Model (1987) Comprehensive Theory Needed Multi-Trajectory Theory of Adult Firesetting M-TTAF 3

The Multi-Trajectory Theory of Adult Firesetting The Multi-Trajectory Theory of Adult Firesetting Other Influences Other Influences Life Events Life Events Emo:on Emo:on Thoughts Thoughts Development Development Clinical Needs Mental Health Mental Health Gannon, Ó Ciardha, Doley, & Alleyne (2012) Gannon, Ó Ciardha, Doley, & Alleyne (2012) Case Study Other Influences Life Events Emo:on Thoughts Development “James” Gannon, Ó Ciardha, Doley, & Alleyne (2012) Other Influences Life Events - Dismissal Other Influences Life Events - Dismissal Life Events Life Events Emotion - Anger Emotion - Anger Emo:on Emo:on Thoughts – “I’ll pay you back” Thoughts – “I’ll pay you back” Thoughts Thoughts Development Development Mental Health Gannon, Ó Ciardha, Doley, & Alleyne (2012) Gannon, Ó Ciardha, Doley, & Alleyne (2012) 4

Subtypes Other Influences Life Events Emo:on Thoughts Development Clinical Needs Mental Health Gannon, Ó Ciardha, Doley, & Alleyne (2012) Gannon, Ó Ciardha, Doley, & Alleyne (2012) Subtypes Subtypes Antisocial Antisocial boredom boredom profit profit vandalism vandalism crime concealment crime concealment Gannon, Ó Ciardha, Doley, & Alleyne (2012) Gannon, Ó Ciardha, Doley, & Alleyne (2012) Subtypes Subtypes Grievance Fire Interest revenge boredom retribution stress fire fascination Gannon, Ó Ciardha, Doley, & Alleyne (2012) Gannon, Ó Ciardha, Doley, & Alleyne (2012) 5

Subtypes Subtypes Emotionally Expressive Multifaceted self harm cry for help various suicide Gannon, Ó Ciardha, Doley, & Alleyne (2012) Gannon, Ó Ciardha, Doley, & Alleyne (2012) Case Study Grievance Specialist Generalist retribution Antisocial Grievance Multifaceted Fire Interest revenge Emotionally Expressive “James” ? Subtypes - Evaluation Barnoux (2015) Hagenauw et al. (2015) Long, Dickens, & Dolley (2014) Treatment Gannon, Ó Ciardha, Doley, & Alleyne (2012) 6

Referral Criteria 1+ deliberate or attempted firesetting Male or Females Group Work (2 hours) Semi-structured Manuals Registered Practitioner Lead Largely Same Content Plus 1 or 2 Assistants (Nurses, Fire Officers) Plus Individual Support (1 hour) Essential Requirements Psychological Expertise Patients Prisoners Fire Safety Expertise Psychological Group Formation Group Formation Understanding Offending Understanding Offending Group Sessions Fire Interest/Safety Fire Interest/Safety Mood and Coping Mood and Coping Communication/Relationships Communication/Relationships Offence Supportive Thinking Offence Supportive Thinking Mental Health & Offending Mental Health & Offending Risk Management/Better Life Risk Management/Better Life Group Formation Group Formation Formulation Skills Formulation Skills Understanding Offending Understanding Offending Fire Interest/Safety Fire Interest/Safety Mood and Coping Mood and Coping Communication/Relationships Communication/Relationships Offence Supportive Thinking Offence Supportive Thinking Mental Health & Offending Mental Health & Offending Risk Management/Better Life Risk Management/Better Life 7

Group Formation Group Formation Behavioural Psychology Behavioural Psychology Understanding Offending Understanding Offending Fire Interest/Safety Fire Interest/Safety + + + Mood and Coping Mood and Coping + + + Communication/Relationships Communication/Relationships + + + + + Offence Supportive Thinking Offence Supportive Thinking + + + Mental Health & Offending Mental Health & Offending Risk Management/Better Life Risk Management/Better Life Cognitive Behavioural Group Formation Group Formation Psychology Behavioural Psychology Understanding Offending Understanding Offending Fire Interest/Safety Fire Interest/Safety + + Mood and Coping Mood and Coping + + Communication/Relationships Communication/Relationships + + Offence Supportive Thinking Offence Supportive Thinking + Mental Health & Offending Mental Health & Offending Risk Management/Better Life Risk Management/Better Life Fire Safety Input Risk Management Plan Group Formation Group Formation Understanding Offending Understanding Offending • Fire Triangle • Fire Spread (Flashover, Fire Interest/Safety Fire Interest/Safety Backdraft) Mood and Coping Mood and Coping • Videos Communication/Relationships Communication/Relationships • Unintended Effects Offence Supportive Thinking Offence Supportive Thinking Mental Health & Offending Mental Health & Offending • Equipment/Uniform Risk Management/Better Life Risk Management/Better Life 8

32 Years Old 32 Years Old Numerous Arsons on Record Numerous Arsons on Record Hospital Fires Hospital Fires Adam Adam • Highly Interested in Fires Since Childhood • Felt He Was ‘Expert’ Around Fire • Stated He Could Control Fire = Fire Interest Subtype • Used ‘Expertise’ to Minimise Seriousness Key Risk Factors or Clinical Needs in the M-TTAF? 32 Years Old ‘What Works?’ Numerous Arsons on Record Hospital Fires Adam Group Formation Empathy Positive Approaches Understanding Offending Supporting New Perspectives on Fire Fire Interest/Safety Treatment Plan Mood and Coping • Decrease Fire Interest - Psychology • Re-Education – Fire Safety Officers Communication/Relationships • Self-Testing Faulty Beliefs – Psychology + Fire Safety Input Offence Supportive Thinking Mental Health & Offending Risk Management/Better Life Marshall & Burton, 2010; Ward & Stewart 2003 Things to Avoid Group Formation Shock Tactics Understanding Offending Working Outside Expertise Fire Interest/Safety Evidence of Treatment Effect Mood and Coping Communication/Relationships Offence Supportive Thinking Mental Health & Offending Risk Management/Better Life Forde, 2017; MacKenzie & Souryal, 1994; Tyler et al., 2014 9

Treatment Comparison Treatment Comparison N = 54 N = 45 N = 54 N = 45 Age Recruited from Sites Sentence Length Previous General Offences Where Treatment Previous Firesetting Offences Engagement with Mental Health Services Unavailable Treatment Comparison Treatment N = 54 N = 45 N = 54 Time 1 Assessment Time 1 Assessment Time 1 Assessment Any Improvement 28 28 28 Relative to Weeks Weeks Weeks Comparisons? Time 2 Assessment Time 2 Assessment Time 2 Assessment Time 3 Assessment Time 3 Assessment Time 3 Assessment Treatment Group Improvement? What Improves Most? Serious Fire Interest Serious Fire Interest Identification with Fire Identification with Fire Fire Safety Awareness Fire Safety Awareness Fire Factors Fire Factors Anger Regulation Anger Regulation Locus of Control Locus of Control Coping with Emotions/Communication Coping with Emotions/Communication Self Esteem Self Esteem Violent Attitudes Violent Attitudes Fire/Offending Supportive Attitudes Fire/Offending Supportive Attitudes Antisocial Attitudes Antisocial Attitudes 10