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Sustainable Aviation NLR and Partners Research
Roland Vercammen
Nationaal Lucht- en Ruim tevaartlaboratorium – National Aerospace Laboratory NLR
1 European goals for sustainable aviation Vision 2 0 2 0 / ACARE - - PDF document
1 European goals for sustainable aviation Vision 2 0 2 0 / ACARE - - PDF document
Sustainable Aviation NLR and Partners Research Roland Vercammen Roland Vercammen Nationaal Lucht- en Ruim tevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR Various reasons for sustainable aviation W orldw ide attention for clim ate
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CO2 reduction Necessary to break the trend
New legislation New flight procedures New generation aircraft Enablers a.o.
Reduction of environm ental im pact ( noise and em issions) can be achieved by:
W ays to m ake aviation ( m ore) sustainable
Regulation Reduction by the source Flight procedures
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Airports w ith Noise and Em issions regulations Exam ple: Schiphol
CHAPTER 2 restrictions CHAPTER 2 restrictions CHAPTER 3 restrictions APU operating restrictions Engine run-up restrictions Noise preferential runw ays Flight Track Monitoring System Noise level lim its
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Spatial planning
Restricted area’s for
new houses new houses
Area’s in w hich
existing houses should be rem oved
Noise insulation of
existing houses
EU Em ission Trading Schem e for Aviation
Objective
– End goal: reduction of 70% (2050) of the 1990 total i i emissions – Aviation ETS contributes to the compliance to the Kyoto protocol
Design
– Cap based on average 2004-2006 emissions. 2012: 3% 2013: 5% 2012: 3% , 2013: 5% , 2020: 30% reduction – At start 85% of the rights are given away for free (based on 2010 data) , 15% auctioned
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Airport charges ( benchm ark 2 0 0 8 )
Passenger tax ATC costs Noise charge Security costs Em issions charge Airport costs
source: Luchtvaartnota, april 2009, Ministry of Transport
Project exam ples NLR
Noise enforcem ent
Limiting noise levels of
individual aircraft based on principle of speed camera
Noise measurements
for monitoring: – Monitor: How and what? E ceede s – Exceeders: Who and where? – Address: How and when?
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Project exam ples NLR
New noise legislation system
- Replace legislation system with fixed noise limits in 35 points
- New system: prescribed use of runways and routes due to
- 1. Weather (safety, .....)
- 2. Least noise impact
Reduction of environm ental im pact ( noise and em issions) can be achieved by:
W ays to m ake aviation ( m ore) sustainable
Regulation Reduction by the source Flight procedures
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Reduction by the source
Engine noise &
em issions
Airfram e noise New aircraft
architectures
Engine noise reduction
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NLR contribution to EU Turnex & Proband projects
microphone array microphone array
rotor trailing edge
y
stator rotor leading edge
y
NLR m icrophone array to locate & quantify rotating broadband noise sources in turbofan engine on both rotor and stator (never been demonstrated before!)
Exam ples of NLR projects w ith acoustic m icrophone array technology
Fly-over Fo7 0 Landing gear in DNW W ind turbine
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Engine noise reduction
chevron
Source: NASA
NLR participated in EU SI LENCE( R) project
Fan design Exhaust Nozzle Negatively Scarfed I nlet Up Liner Zere splice I nlet Low Freq. Liners High Freq. Liners Landing Gear Fairings
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Em issions reduction – alternative fuels Engine em ission reduction
NASA/ GE Unducted
1 9 8 6 1 9 8 8
NASA/ GE Unducted Fan Dem onstrators
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NLR contribution to EU DREAM project ( valiDation of Radical Engine Architecture systeMs)
Open rotors are m ore fuel efficient ( by ~ 2 5 % ) but w hat Open rotors are m ore fuel-efficient ( by ~ 2 5 % ) , but w hat about the noise? For DREAM to answ er, in 2 0 1 1 , by ( acoustic) w ind tunnel tests
Aircraft noise reduction
10.0 10.0
777-200 A330-300 MD-11 A320-200 747-400 A300-600R 767-300ER A310-300 757-200 MD-87 MD-82 B-747-300 A300B4-620 A310-222 MD-80 B-747-200 B-747-SP DC-10-40 B-747-200 A300 B-747-200 B-747-100 B-737-200 B-737-200 B-727-200 DC9-10 B-727-100 B-727-100
0.0
Average Noise Level Relative to Chapter 3 (EPNdB) Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 A v e r a g e i n S e r v i c e
B-737-800 B-737-900 A320-232 A318-112 777-200 A330-300 MD-11 A320-200 747-400 A300-600R 767-300ER A310-300 757-200 MD-87 MD-82 B-747-300 A300B4-620 A310-222 MD-80 B-747-200 B-747-SP DC-10-40 B-747-200 A300 B-747-200 B-747-100 B-737-200 B-737-200 B-727-200 DC9-10 B-727-100 B-727-100
0.0
Average Noise Level Relative to Chapter 3 (EPNdB) Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 A v e r a g e i n S e r v i c e
B-737-800 B-737-900 A320-232 A318-112
Source: NASA
MD-90-30
- 10.0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Year of Entry (Approximate) NASA Technology Goal
A340-541 MD-90-30
- 10.0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Year of Entry (Approximate) NASA Technology Goal
A340-541
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Aircraft fuel/ em issions reduction NLR contribution to EU NACRE project ( New Aircraft Concepts REsearch)
Shielding & reflection of noise NLR computation
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NLR contribution to Clean Sky Joint Technology I nitiative
SMART Wing Aircraft Regional Air Transport Green Rotorcraft Green Engines
ATS Model
2 years 3 years 3 years
First Definition
- f ecology efficiency
Refined Definition
- f ecology efficiency
2 years 3 years 3 years
First Definition
- f ecology efficiency
Refined Definition
- f ecology efficiency
Simulator Platform AC, ATM, AP (flight segment)
Technology Evaluator Rotorcraft Systems for Green Operation Eco-Design
Linked to “SESAR” Joint Undertaking Linked to “SESAR” Joint Undertaking
Future aircraft architectures
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Reduction of environm ental im pact ( noise and em issions) can be achieved by:
W ays to m ake aviation ( m ore) sustainable
Regulation Reduction by the source Flight procedures
Reduction by flight procedures
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Departure procedures NLR contribution to EU Sourdine projects
7000 Altitude (ft / m) 3000 914 2134 1180-1075 m 2000
Continuous Descent Approach
Distance to threshold (NM / km) 9 ,4 1 7 ,4 2 8 ,3 5 2 ,4 1 1 ,9 2 2 ,0 1 3 ,5 2 5 ,0 2000 610
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Continuous Descent Approach Continuous Descent Approach
Continuous Descent Approaches Current procedures
58 dB(A) 53 dB(A) 48 dB(A)
Lden contour
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NLR contribution to EU OPTI MAL project
ETMA
Required w orking m ethod to enable Continous Descent
TMA
Continous Descent Approaches
OPTI MAL I ntegration in European Airspace Current: 100-200 km Required: ~ 220 km
Conceptual
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OPTI MAL I ntegration in European Airspace But there are more airports....
- > flow management
Conceptual
SESAR: project aim s
S f t 1 0 Environm ent ATM t/ fli ht Capacity x3 Safety x 1 0 Environm ent im pact -1 0 % ATM cost/ flight
- 5 0 %
Capacity x3
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NLR contribution to SESAR
Safety Environm ent Capacity
- Not decided yet
- Airport Operations Centre
- Operations in Adverse W eather Conditions
- I ntegration of airport ( airline/ ground/ atc) processes
- Advanced-Surface Movem ent Guidance and Control System s
Reduction of environm ental im pact ( noise and em issions) can be achieved by:
W ays to m ake aviation ( m ore) sustainable
Regulation Reduction by the source Flight procedures
I f ti M t I nform ation Managem ent
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I nform ation Managem ent Lden, NAx and TAx NAx Lden TAx
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Virtual Com m unity Noise Sim ulator ( VCNS)
Reduction of environm ental im pact ( noise and em issions) can be achieved by:
W ays to m ake aviation ( m ore) sustainable
Regulation Reduction by the source Flight procedures
I f ti M t I nform ation Managem ent Conclusions
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Conclusions
EU Vision 2 0 2 0 provides am bitious targets
50% reduction in CO2 per passenger kilometer 50% reduction in perceived noise per flight
80% d ti i NO
80% reduction in NOx
Sm all up to large ( EU) program s contribute to
- btain these targets
NLR and partners “Break the trend”
“Make the difference” and “Shift Paradigms”
Future .... sustainable aviation.....
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