1. Farming Farming is the growing of crops and the rearing of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

• 1. FARMING.
• 1.1. Physical factors: climate, relief, soil.
• 1.2. Social and economic factors: labour, market, government.
• 2. CLASSIFICATION.
• Arable, pastoral, mixed.
• Intensive, extensive.
• Commercial, subsistence.
• Nomadic, sedentary.
• 3. DIFFERENT TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY

IN THE WORLD.

• 3.1. Shifting cultivation.
• 3.2. Wet rice farming.
• 3.3. Intensive commercial farming: market gardening.
• 3.4. Extensive commercial farming.
• 3.5. Plantation agriculture.

. 4. THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ITS CAP.

• 1. Farming

Farming is the growing of crops and the rearing of animals

1.1.Physical factors: climate

• Temperature: crops

need a minimum of 6°C to grow. (Look over climates in the world)

• Rainfall: crops need

between 250 mm and 500 mm a year.

Climatic regions in the world

Physical factors: relief

• Flat land is easier to grow crops on, there is less soil

erosion and machinery can be used safely.

• Some places are too high to grow crops because they are

too cold. Temperature decreases 6°C each 1000 m.

• Only south facing slopes are warmer because they face the

sun

Physical factors: soil

• Soil needs to be

fertile, deep and well drained.

1.2. Social and economic factors: labour

Farming requires either

• Human labour (low

yields)

• r
• Mechanisation (high

yields)

Social and economic factors: market

• Farmers grow crops that are in demand and

change to meet new demands.

• Markets are now global.

Social and economic factors: governments

• Quotas are limits on the

amount of some produce set by the governments.

• Subsidies are money

paid by the government to encourage some types

• f produce.

• 2. Classification of agriculture

Arable Pastoral Mixed

Classification of agriculture

• Intensive: high yields

from a small area of land. It needs high input of money, labour or technology.

• Extensive: low yields from

a large area of land.

Classification of agriculture

• Pastoral farming can also be intensive or extensive

Classification of agriculture

• Commercial: farming

to make profit from sales of food.

• Subsistence: it

produces food for the farmer’s family

Classification of agriculture

• Nomadic: moving

from place to place

• Sedentary:

farming in a fixed location

3.Agricultural activity in the world: shifting cultivation

• It occurs in equatorial

forests in South-East Asia, Central and South America and Africa

• It is extensive: when

soil loses its fertility the land is abandoned.

3.1. Shifting cultivation

• They use manual labour

and simple tools.

• The farmers grow crops

from themselves and their families (subsistence).

• The main crops are rice,

maize, tapioca, sweet potatoes, bananas and vegetables.

Agricultural activity in the world: wet rice farming

3.2.Wet rice farming

• It occurs in many Asian

countries (tropical and monsoon climate)

• It requires 1000 mm to 2500

mm of rainfall a year and an average temperature of 20°C.

• It is intensive: irrigation allows

2 or 3 crops per year in very small farms.

• The level of technology varies

(low in India or China, high in Japan or Taiwan). Planting and transplanting are usually done by hand.

3.3. Intensive commercial farming: market gardening

• It produces the vegetables,

fruit and flowers that are found in supermarkets.

• It uses limited land and it

is often near urban markets.

• Although they are

perishable products, refrigeration and faster transport allow more distant markets to be served.

3.3.Market gardening

• Market gardens have high

inputs, especially labour, and high yields (intensive).

• A wide range of technology is

available, from hand hoes to computer-controlled robots.

• Farmers usually specialise in a

few crops, e.g. salads or flowers.

• Some vegetables are grown into

greenhouses or using hydroponics (plants grow without soil)

3.4. Extensive commercial farming

• It occurs in “new

countries”, e.g. US, Australia or Argentina, especially in continental climate.

• Farms are large

and highly mechanised.

3.3. Extensive commercial farming

• It can be arable,

e.g. crops of wheat, maize, barley...

• It can be also

pastoral, e.g. cows and sheep

• Farms are very

big, more than 200 Ha.

3.5. Plantation agriculture

• It takes place in large

farms or estates (40 to 1000 Ha) existing in South East Asia and the Caribbean.

• Crops are grown for

export

• It needs a lot of money for

building, planting and making processing factories.

3.5. Plantation agriculture

• They employ many

workers and use high levels of technology.

• They produce coffee,

cocoa, sugar or trees like tea, rubber and oil palm.

• 4. The European Union and its

Common Agricultural Police (CAP)

The CAP tries:

• to protect the income of farmers.
• to ensure reasonable prices for consumers.
• to increase the production.
• to protect the quality of life in rural areas.

The CAP consists of.

• grants.
• subsidies.
• guaranteed prices.

• 4. The European Union and its

Common Agricultural Police (CAP)

The main problems are:

• it has created mountains of food and lakes of wine,

more expensive than in the USA. It was necessary to create quotas (e.g. milk).

• environmental damages (soil erosion, excesive use
• f fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides to increase

production). Recently the EU has been paying farmers to take part

• f their land out of production.