1 2 3 Project Area Purpose Extreme water shortage in Chao Phraya - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Project Area Purpose

Extreme water shortage in Chao Phraya Basin, Thailand Establishing additional water supply plan & water resources development plan

Stable Water Supply Solution for Water Scarcity Promotion of Cooperation Relationship in Water Field

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Country The Kingdom of Thailand Location Southeast Asia (5.6~20.7 degrees North Latitude, 97.3~105.7 degrees East Longitude) Administrative division 1 capital city (Bangkok), 1 special governed city (Pattaya), 77 provinces Area 513,000㎢ (some 2.3 times as large as the territorial area of the Korea peninsula) Climate /Ann Prec. Tropical monsoon Capital Bangkok Population 68.25 million Language Thai Religion Buddhism (94.6%), Muslim (4.6%), Others (0.8%)

General status of Thailand

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Basin Chao Phraya river basin Area 158,592 km 2 Sub-basin 8 Sub-basins (Ping, Wang, Yom, Nan, Sakae-Krang Pasak, Thachin, Lower Chaophraya) Landuse Agriculture : 45.2 % Forest : 43.3 % Urban : 6.3% Others : 5.2% Total Water resources 173,593 MCM (Yearly Rainfall : 1,088.1mm) Annual Runoff 35,424 MCM Runoff Rate 20.4 %

General status of Chaophraya basin

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Rainfall & Temperature

Item em Jan Jan Feb eb Mar ar Apr pr May May Jun Jun Jul Jul Aug ug Sep Sep Oct ct Nov De Dec Ann. nn. Rai Rainfall(mm) 6. 6.2 10 10.9 33 33.3 64 64.2 15 156.5 12 124.3 13 130.0 17 174.2 22 220.8 13 134.2 27 27.4 6. 6.3 1, 1,088.1 Mea ean n mont

• nthl

hly temperature (℃) 24 24.0 25 25.6 27 27.5 28 28.9 28 28.2 27 27.6 27 27.2 27 27.0 26 26.8 26 26.4 25 25.1 23 23.8 26 26.5

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Sur

urvey and and eval aluate the avai ailable wate water reso sour urces ces in in Chao ao Phraya riv river basi basin “How much water is available or needed in Chao Phraya river basin?”  Wat ater Bal alance ce Asse Assessm ssment : : An Anal alyzing g wat water sh shorta tage in in sub sub-basi sin

Sur

urvey and and eval aluate the avai ailable wate water reso sour urces ces in in Chao ao Phraya riv river basi basin “How much water is available or needed in Chao Phraya river basin?”  Wat ater Bal alance ce Asse Assessm ssment : : An Anal alyzing g wat water sh shorta tage in in sub sub-basi sin 01

Form

rmulate a a comprehensi sive pla lan for r add additio ional l wate water sup supply from the near arby basi basins

“If water shortage happened, How can we supply the additional water?”

 Pla Plannin ing Wate ter r diversio sion from Mae ae Kl Klon

• ng ,

, Pas asak and and Sala Salawin in ri river er ba basin sin

Form

rmulate a a comprehensi sive pla lan for r add additio ional l wate water sup supply from the near arby basi basins

“If water shortage happened, How can we supply the additional water?”

 Pla Plannin ing Wate ter r diversio sion from Mae ae Kl Klon

• ng ,

, Pas asak and and Sala Salawin in ri river er ba basin sin

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Preli

liminary Feasi asibility Stud udy conside sidering g the prior riority of coun unte termeasu sure projects ts

“What is the best project for solving the issue?”

 Su Suppo port t pr projec

• ject

t imple lementatio ion with th st stru ructu ture-pla lannin ing with th econ

• nomic

ic ana analy lysis is ind ndex Preli

liminary Feasi asibility Stud udy conside sidering g the prior riority of coun unte termeasu sure projects ts

“What is the best project for solving the issue?”

 Su Suppo port t pr projec

• ject

t imple lementatio ion with th st stru ructu ture-pla lannin ing with th econ

• nomic

ic ana analy lysis is ind ndex

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Basic Concept

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Average annual precipitation & runoff (1986~2015yr)

Available Water Resources in Chao Phraya Basin

Bas asin Preci cipitation (mm) Runof Runoff (MCM CM) Runof Runoff Rat Rate (%) Ping ng 1, 1,029.7 9, 9,044 25 25.5 Wang ang 1, 1,042.3 1, 1,663 14 14.8 Yom

• m

1,1 1,118.2 4,1 4,166 15 15.6 Nan an 1, 1,195.9 12 12,428 29 29.8 Sa Sakae ae Krang ang 1, 1,132.8 1, 1,269 21 21.0 Pas asak ak 1, 1,117.0 2, 2,921 22 22.2 Tha ha Ch Chin 1, 1,045.1 1, 1,437 10 10.2 Ch Chao ao Phr hraya 1, 1,024.1 1, 1,748 8. 8.3 (Avr.) .) 1, 1,088.1 (Tot

• tal)

35 35,424 20 20.4

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Water Demand of each sub-basin Basin in Water Demand (M (MCM/yr yr) Pr Present 20 2020 20 2025 20 2035 Pi Ping 3,6 3,692.7 3,7 3,786.0 3,8 3,879.1 4,2 4,261.8 Wang 32 320.3 39 392.0 46 463.4 47 477.4 Yom

• m

2,1 2,128.2 2,3 2,394.0 2,6 2,661.1 2,7 2,774.1 Na Nan 3,8 3,807.8 4,2 4,259.0 4,7 4,710.8 4,9 4,930.6 L.

• L. Cha

hao Phr Phraya + + Th Tha Chin hin 19 19,342.8 19 19,968.0 20 20,591.2 22 22,296.5 Sak Sakae Kr Krang 58 583.0 58 585.0 58 585.6 1,1 1,188.4 Pasak 1, 1,388.3 1,4 1,456.0 1,5 1,524.6 1, 1,720.5 Tota

• tal

31 31,263.0 32 32,840.0 34 34,415.8 37 37,649.3

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Water Demand of each water usage

Item Present 2025 2035 Domestic (MCM/yr) 3,271.6 4,395.1 5,910.3 Industrial (MCM/yr) 2,371.1 2,589.3 2,827.6 Agricultural (MCM/yr) 25,305.3 27,057.6 28,419.5 Total (MCM/yr) 30,948.0 34,042.0 37,157.4 River maintenance flow (Station C2, ㎥/s) 175.0 175.0 175.0

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Build a model for water balance analysis for the Chao Phraya Basin (with K-MODSIM) Build a model for water balance analysis for the Chao Phraya Basin (with K-MODSIM)

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Agricultural (irrigation), domestic, industrial and ecological water demand and supply Agricultural (irrigation), domestic, industrial and ecological water demand and supply

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Evaluate current (2015) and future (2025, 2035) water demand and supply Evaluate current (2015) and future (2025, 2035) water demand and supply

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WBA (Water Balance Analysis – K-MODSIM*)

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Water Supply & Demand Analysis (K-MODSIM)

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Water Supply & Demand Analysis (K-MODSIM)

Setting up water supply network. ▼ Input of Water Demand (Domestic, Industry, Agricultural, River Maintenance flow) ▼ Input of Water Supply Source (River, Dam, Reservoir, Diversion, Pumping) ▼ Modeling and Checking Water Shortage

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Water Supply & Demand Analysis (K-MODSIM)

(Water Supply Priority) 1st Domestic water 2nd Industrial water 3rd River maintenance flow 4th Agricultural water (Return Flow rate) 1. Domestic & Industrial water : 0% 2. Agricultural water : 30% (Water Supply Reliability) 1. Domestic & Industrial water : 97 % 2. Agricultural water : 80%

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Irrigation water

Result of Water Balance Analysis

Bas Basin in Wat ater sh shorta rtage (MC MCM/y /yr) Pr Present 2020 2020 2025 2025 2035 2035 Pi Ping 4.4 7.0 9.6 29.1 Wan ang 48.5 54.1 59.6 106.5 Yo Yom 328.1 549.3 770.4 1,061.9 Nan Nan 201.3 252.6 303.8 474.9

• L. Chao

Chao Phr Phraya + + Tha ha Chi Chin 1,682.2 (57.0%) 1,732.8 (52.4%) 1,783.3 (48.8%) 1,794.0 (41.0%) Saka kae Kra rang 397.2 397.7 398.1 543.2 Pa Pasak 290.9 310.4 329.9 370.7 Tota

• tal

2,952.6 3,303.9 3,654.7 4,380.3

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Domestic water

Result of Water Balance Analysis

Bas Basin in Wat ater sh shorta rtage (MC MCM/y /yr) Pr Present 2020 2020 2025 2025 2035 2035 Pi Ping

• Wan

ang

• Yo

Yom

• Nan

Nan

• L. Chao

Chao Phr Phraya + + Tha ha Chi Chin 21.8 (100.0%) 27.3 (100.0%) 32.8 (100.0%) 70.9 (99.4%) ) Saka kae Kra rang

• Pa

Pasak

• 0.4

Tota

• tal

21.8 27.3 32.8 71.3

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Industrial water

Result of Water Balance Analysis

Bas Basin in Wat ater sh shorta rtage (MC MCM/y /yr) Pr Present 2020 2020 2025 2025 2035 2035 Pi Ping

• Wan

ang

• Yo

Yom

• Nan

Nan

• L. Chao

Chao Phr Phraya + + Tha ha Chi Chin 40.6 (100.0%) ) 44.6 (100.0%) 48.6 (100.0%) 74.5 (99.9%) Saka kae Kra rang -

• Pa

Pasak

• 0.1

Tota

• tal

40.6 44.6 48.6 74.5

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Result of Water Balance Analysis

Bas asin in Wat Water er De Deman mand (MC MCM/yr yr) Pres esent 2020 2025 2035 Ping 3,692.7 3,786.0 3,879.1 4,261.8 Wan ang 320.3 392.0 463.4 477.4 Yom

• m

2,128.2 2,394.0 2,661.1 2,774.1 Nan an 3,807.8 4,259.0 4,710.8 4,930.6

• L. Chao

hao Phr hraya a + Tha ha Chi hin 19,342.8 19,968.0 20,591.2 22,296.5 Sak Sakae ae Kran ang 583.0 585.0 585.6 1,188.4 Pas asak ak 1,388.3 1,456.0 1,524.6 1,720.5 Tot

• tal

al 31,263.0 32,840.0 34,415.8 37,649.3

Water Demand Water Shortage

Bas asin in Wat ater er Sho Shortag tage (MC MCM/yr yr) Pres esent 2020 2025 2035 Ping 4 7 7 10 10 29 29 Wan ang 49 49 54 54 60 60 107 107 Yom

• m

328 328 549 549 770 770 1,062 Nan an 201 201 253 253 304 304 475 475

• L. Chao

hao Phr hraya a + Tha ha Chi hin 1,744 1,810 1,877 1,900 Sak Sakae ae Kran ang 397 397 398 398 398 398 543 543 Pas asak ak 291 291 310 310 330 330 371 371 Tot

• tal

al 3,015 3,384 3,736 4,526

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Result of Water Balance Analysis

3,01 015 3,38 384 3,736 4,52 526

31 31,263 32 32,840 34 34,416 37 37,649

5,0 ,000 00 10, 0,00 000 15, 5,00 000 20, 0,00 000 25, 5,00 000 30, 0,00 000 35, 5,00 000 40, 0,00 000 1,0 ,000 00 2,0 ,000 00 3,0 ,000 00 4,0 ,000 00 5,0 ,000 00 6,0 ,000 00 2015 2020 2025 2035

Wat ater De Demand (MCM) Wat ater Sh Shortage (MCM) Wat ater De Demand & & Sh Shortage in n Chao Phr Phraya bas asin in Short rtage Demand

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Result of Water Balance Analysis : Considering Thai Gov. plan (By RID)

Ba Basi sin Wat ater Sh Shortage (MCM) Gov.

• v. Pl

Plan (MCM) Ex Expec pected ed Sh Shortage (MCM) 20 2025 20 2035 20 2025 20 2035 20 2025 20 2035 Ping 10 29 170 350 Wang 60 107 18 19 42 88 Yom 770 1,062 193 252 577 810 Nan 304 475 909 1,276

• L. Chao Phraya

+ Tha Chin 1,877 1,900 36 113 1,841 1,787 Sakae Krang 398 543 70 346 328 198 Pasak 330 371 330 371 Tot

• tal

3, 3,749 4, 4,487 1, 1,396 2, 2,356 3, 3,118 3, 3,253

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Strategy to solve the water shortage in Chao Phraya river basin

1 In n th the e futu future, wat ater sh shortage is s to to be e ex expec pected ed ab about t 3 3 bil.m3 in n Chao Phr Phraya river basin asin 2 Limit itatio ion of

• f de

develo lopin ing water res esource ces in n its ts basin asin 3 Thi This s stud study focuses on

• n de

develo lopin ing ad addit itio ional l wat ater res esource ces nea nearby Chao Phr Phraya river bas asin in

• Maeklo

long river

• Pasak river
• Sala

Salawin in river etc etc.

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Overview of additional water supply plan

Basin St Structural Plan Non

• n-Structural Plan

Mae aeklo long river 1) 1) Ne New Diversio ion Wei eir and and Can anal l

• r
• r

2) 2) Est Estuary y Wei eir and and Can anal l 1) 1) Usi sing ex exis istin ing can canal 2) 2) Int nteg egrated ed da dam op

• peratio

ion (SND, VJK JK) 3) 3) Usi sing ina nactiv ive stor storage for

• r ex

extreme dr drought (70 700 mil.m3 m3) Pas asak river 1) 1) Ne New Res eservoir ir con

• nst

structio ion 2) 2) Hei eightenin ing Pasak Dam am

• Sala

Salawin in * * Ex Exis istin ing pl plan is s on

• n goin
• ing by

y Tha Thai i Gov. v. (Bhumib ibol da dam wat ater res esource ces inc ncreasin ing pr projec ect by y di diversio ion fr from Sala Salawin in bas asin in) After analysis of potential water resources, the plans have studied as for structural and non-structural countermeasures in nearby Chao Phraya river basin

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Water Resources in Mae Klong Basin

• Location: Wes

est of Chao Phraya Basin in Th Thailand

• Population: 2.25

25 mi million (p (population

• n den

ensity: 73 3 person

• n/km2)
• Land use:

e: Forest - 69 69%, Agr gricultural land - 22 22%, Others - 9% ※ Except for downstream plains, the runoff rate is expected to be somewhat higher.

Basin Status & Annual Runoff

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Additional Water Resource Development Plans (Mae Klong Basin)

Present Status of Dams

Item em Unit Vaji jiralongk gkorn Dam Sr Srinagarind Dam Location

• Khawe Noi
• i Ri

River er (2 (270 70km nor

• rthwest
• f Bangkok)

Khawe Yai Ri River (1 (150 50km nor

• rthwest
• f Bangkok)

Catchment area ea km km2 3,72 720 10, 0,88 880 Annual Inflow MCM 5,50 500 (5 (5,49 491*) 4,40 400 (4 (4,60 605*) Dam type pe

• CFRD

FRD EC ECRD RD Dam height x Len engt gth m 92 2 x 1,01 019 140 40 x 610 10 Dam cr crest m MSL 163.0 185.0 Fl Flood Water Level m MSL 160 60.4 182 82.4 High gh Water Level m MSL 155 55.0 180 80.0 Low

• wer Water Level

m MSL 135 35.0 159 59.0 Total st stor

• rage

MCM 8.86 860 17, 7,74 745 (19, (19,82 825 *) Ef Effective st stor

• rage

ge MCM 5,84 848 7,47 470 (7 (7,32 327 7 *) *) Inactive st stor

• rage

MCM 3,01 012 10, 0,27 275 (10, (10,41 418 *) * : Operation Data

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Ri River Catchment area ea (k (km2) Channel len engt gth (k (km) Mea ean wi width of

• f

basin (A (A/L, km) Sh Shape pe factor

• r
• f basin

(A (A/L2) Khwae Noi

• i

9,25 256 379 79 24. 4.4 0.06 064 Khwae Yai 15, 5,26 267 449 49 34. 4.0 0.07 076 Mae Klon

• ng

30, 0,17 171 589 89 51. 1.2 0.08 087

Basin Diagram & Characteristics

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Water use of Mae Klong Dam Item em Water Use (MCM/yr) Re Remark Total 9,80 800 Irriga gation + Other 5,70 700 Wet Se Season : 2,50 500 Dry Se Season : 3,20 200 Th Tha Chin Ri River 1,50 500 Chao Phraya basins MWA 600 00 (M (Max. 1,50 500) Water er Trea eatment Plant

Ri River Mai aint ntena nance 2, 2,000 Ec Ecolo

• logy

+ + Sa Salinity Cont Control

* MWA : Bangkok Metropolitan Water Work Authority * Source : http://irrigation.rid.go.th/om13

• Status of Water Supply

Diversion of Mae Klong Dam Dam Name Catchment area ea (k (km2) Wi Width (m (m) Len engt gth (m (m) ED ED* (m (m)

• Max. Q

(m (m3/s) Max. wa water level el (m (m MSL) Mae Klon

• ng

25, 5,59 590 10. 0.0 117 17.50 10. 0.00 00 3,10 100 24. 4.36 36 * ED: Elevation difference* between upstream & downstream of the dam

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• Vajiralongkorn Dam(Operation Data, 1985~2015)

Operation Associated With Existing Dams

• Srinagarind Dam(Operation Data, 1980~2015)

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Inp nput da data Dam am da data(from EAGT si site te)

• Inflow, WL & storage, rule curve
• generation capacity, tailwater

Trib ibutary infl nflow(from RID)

• (VJK) K37 - dam outflow
• (SND) K35A - dam outflow

Si Simula latio ion con

• ndit

itio ion Period : ‘02 02.Jan.1 1 ~ ~ 15 15.dec ec.31 31(14 14yrs) Op Operatio ion rul ule cu curve

• existing rule curve
• changing rule curve

(upper : HWL, lowest : LWL) Con

• ntrol

l poin

• int

t op

• peratio

ion con

• nditi

ition

• existing water supply : 9,800MCM
• additional water supply potential : + α

Add ddit itio ional l wat ater sup supply ly pote

• tentia

tial l Si Simula late for

• r maxim

imum ad addit itio ional l water sup supply ly pote

• tentia

tial l

• review of water shortage
• evaluation of additional supply potential

K37 K35A

Coordinate Operation Study between VJK & SND Dams

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Review of Additional Water supply Potentinal

Existing Rule Curve Changing Rule Curve

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Storage Allocation of Srinagarind Dam

Reservoir W.L(m MSL) Reservoir W.L(m MSL)

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Securing Additional Storage of Srinagarind Dam

Item Addit itio ional l Sto Storage (MCM (MCM) Rem emark rk 15 159m MSL SL(Curr rrent) 15 157m MSL SL(-2m) 15 155m MSL SL(-4m) Tot

• tal st

stor

• rage(FWL)

19 19,8 ,825 19 19,8 ,825 19 19,8 ,825 FW FWL 18 182.4 .4m MSL SL Tota

• tal st

stor

• rage(HWL)

17 17,7 ,745 17 17,7 ,745 17 17,7 ,745 HW HWL 18 180.0m MSL SL Ef Effec ectiv tive st storage 7,32 7,327 8,11 8,116 8,61 8,612 Addit itio ional st storage

• 78

789* 1,28 1,285 * * Power r ge generatio ion los

• ss

s 2% 2% Inac nactiv tive st storage 10 10,4 ,418 9,62 9,629 9,13 9,133 Dea ead st storage + + Eme Emergency y st storage

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Item Ad Additio ional l Stora rage (MCM MCM) Remark 159m MS MSL (Cur Current) 157m MS MSL (-2m) Tota

• tal

l st stor

• rage(F

(FWL) 19,825 19,825 FWL L 182.4m MS MSL Tota

• tal

l st stor

• rage(H

(HWL) 17,745 17,745 HW HWL L 180.0m MS MSL Effectiv ive st stor

• rage

7,327 8,116 Ad Additio ional st stor

• rage
• 789

789 Inac nactive st stora rage 10,418 9,629 Item Spe pecific ification Remark Da Dam heigh height (m) 13.0 Da Dam len ength (m) 157.0 Width of

• f div

iversio ion chan hannel l (m) 18.0 Len ength of

• f div

ivers rsion chan hannel l (km km) 71.0 Des Desig ign wat ater Dive Diversion (m (m3/s /s) 12.7 400MCM

Lowering of Reservoir Level(Srinagarind Dam) Facilities Plan(New Diversion Dam)

Results

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Facilities Plan

• Options for securing additional water availability(Comparison Route)

Item em Dam Widt Width (m (m) Gate Diversion Channel Len engt gth (k (km) Re Remark No.

• .

Widt Width (m (m) Hei eight (m (m) Diversion Dam 157 57 10 10 13. 3.0 6.0 71 71 Con

• nnect to the

e Mahawawat WTP TP Est Estuary Wei eir 600 00 38 38 13. 3.0 6.0 75 75 Connec ect to the e Chao Phraya Ri River

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Facilities Plan

Item Spe pecific ification Remark Ne New Dive Diversio ion Da Dam Flood Wat ater Leve vel(m (m MS MSL) L) 10.0 High High Wat ater Leve vel(m l(m MS MSL) L) 5.0 Low Wat ater Leve vel(m l(m MSL) L) 2. 2.0 Gat ate No No.(E (EA) 9 Roll

• ller gat

ate Width(m (m) 13.0 Hei Height(m (m) 6.0 Na Navig vigatio ion Loc

• ck

22x6 x6, 2EA Dive Diversio ion Sys ystem Des Desig ign wat ater div iversio ion(m (m3/s) 12.7 Inl nlet el eleva vatio ion(m (m MS MSL) L) 5.0 Outle Outlet el elevatio ion(m (m MS MSL) L) 1.0 Dive Diversio ion Chan Channel l Gat ate 2x3, 4EA EA Roll

• ller gat

ate Dive Diversio ion chan hannel Len ength(k (km) 71.0 Tha ha Pha Pha ~ ~ WTP Slope(% (%) 0.0001

• Design specification of diversion systems

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Diversion Route (0+000~35+000)

대표단면 1

Profile of Diversion Route

Diversion Route (35+000~70+994) Cross Section (15+000) Cross Section (67+000)

종단 삽도 (35+000 ~ 70+994)

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Section of Diversion Dam

Section A - A Section B - B Section C - C

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WA WANG WA WATE TER (MCM) Shortag

• rtage

(-) 107 107 RID Plan an (+) +) 19 19 Exp.

• p. Shor
• rtag

age (-) 88 88 YOM WA WATE TER (MCM) Shortag

• rtage

(-) 1,062 RID Plan an (+) +) 252 Exp.

• p. Shor
• rtag

age (-) 810 L.C + T.C .C WA WATE TER (MCM) Shortag

• rtage

(-) 1,900 RID Plan an (+) +) 113 Exp.

• p. Shor
• rtag

age (-) 1,787 SAKAE KR KRANG WA WATE TER (MCM) Shortag

• rtage

(-) 543 RID Plan an (+) +) 346 346 Exp.

• p. Shor
• rtag

age (- ) 198 198 PASAK WA WATE TER (MCM) Shortag

• rtage

(-) 371 RID Plan an

• Exp.
• p. Shor
• rtag

age (-) ) 371 371 Wa Water er Suppl upply y Plan an (+) +) 476 476 Sur urpl plus Wa Water er

(+) 105

SALAWI WIN WA WATE TER (MCM) RID Plan an

(+) 1,700

MAE KLO KLONG WA WATE TER (MCM) Note Wa Water er Suppl upply y Plan an (+) +) 1,100 New Plan an Sur urpl plus Wa Water er

(+) 1,100

BASIN WA WATE TER (MCM) SALAWI WIN

(+) 1,700

WA WANG

(-) 88

YOM

(-) 810

SAKAE KR KRANG

(-) 198

Sub TOTA TAL

(+) 604

MAE KLO KLONG

(+) 1,100

PASAK

(+) 105

Sub TOTA TAL

(+) 2,009

L.

• L. C +

+ T. C

(-) 1,787

TOTA TAL

(+) 22

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Item Spe pecific ification Remark Ne New Dive Diversio ion Dam Dam Roll

• ller Gat

ate W13.0 x H6 H6.0 x 9EA Na Navig vigatio ion Loc

• ck

B2 B22.0 x L252.6 Dive Diversio ion Sys ystem Des Desig ign wat ater div iversio ion(m (m3/s) 12.7 Dive Diversio ion Chan Channel l Gat ate W2.0 x H3 H3.0 x x 4EA Dive Diversio ion chan hannel Len ength(k (km) 71.0 Tha ha Pha Pha ~ ~ WTP Slope(% (%) 0.001

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