1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Why do we anticipate? a lot of ideas and - - PDF document

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Why do we anticipate? a lot of ideas and prejudice that have been accumulated over time: it is new, it is impossible, guess what we cannot predict the future, the unknown unknowns, there are black swans (i.e. unforeseeable events, thus let’s forget it), the future is inherently unknowable, what is complicated about the future is that it is future, thus let’s not anticipate, but develop resilient societies, it is too complicated, or on the contrary hidden beliefs into the crystal ball – the search for the easy, one size fit all solution, with two indicators that will work for any problem, the collection paradigm where crowd sourcing will give you THE solution, the there is no point etc.

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It is built-in, in a more or less complex form within living beings, not only as individuals but also as groups and species, again for survival.

communication and defensive "reaction" by plants is a type of foresight or rather

warning capability.

• When attacked by insects or damaged mechanically,
• Some plants produce higher levels of jasmonic acid and methyl

jasmonate, which build up in the damaged parts of the plant.

• If ingested by the insect, can deter the insect from feeding.
• Methyl jasmonate being volatile, it can act as a messenger to

neighbouring undamaged plants, telling them that an attack is under way and prompting them to produce defensive chemicals before they are attacked.

• Herbivore-damaged plants can release volatile organic molecules that

serve as attractants for predators of the herbivores.

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