Zero discharge Why? Why Finite resources vs. increased demand - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Zero discharge Why? Why Finite resources vs. increased demand - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Zero Discharge : towards full recovery of nutrient and energy from animal manure Nigel Penlington Environment Programme Manager BPEX, UK November 2012 www.nigel.penlington@bpex.ahdb.org.uk Zero discharge Why? Why Finite resources

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Zero Discharge:

towards full recovery of nutrient and energy from animal manure

Nigel Penlington Environment Programme Manager BPEX, UK November 2012

www.nigel.penlington@bpex.ahdb.org.uk

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Zero discharge – Why?

  • Why

– Finite resources vs. increased demand

  • Nitrogen, Phosphate, water, land, etc.

– Energy hungry production systems – Environmental Protection – Sustainable food, products and service provision

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Sustainability Meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.”

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Limiting factors for global plant productivity

Baldocchi et al. 2004 SCOPE 62

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Water for life

  • Essential for plant growth

and livestock

  • Changing patterns
  • Will dictate what can be

grown and produced where

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Protect the Natural Environment

  • Resources
  • Habitats
  • Eco systems
  • Getting the balance

right

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Zero discharge – How?

  • Consider the full system – integrated approach.
  • Don’t push losses along the line
  • End to Start or Start to End?

– The product, i.e. the reason – Consequences of actions e.g. nutritional strategy

  • Applied to;

– Existing systems – New systems

  • Windfall Opportunities

– Counteract inevitable losses

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Integrated Systems

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Feed, Housing, Manures

<N2O <NH3 <NO3 <P Inputs Kg £ <CH4 >£ >£ HEAT Water Sun

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Integrated Systems to minimise losses

  • Location
  • Animal Health
  • Feed inputs
  • Housing
  • Manure storage
  • Manure processing
  • Manure utilisation
  • Product utilisation
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Minimising losses - Location

  • Marketable yield
  • Recovery

– Heat – Water – Manures – Generated energy

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Minimising Losses – animal health

  • Growth rate
  • Resource use
  • Product quality & rejections
  • Death = waste
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Precision Feeding & Real Time Monitoring

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Growth Monitoring - pigs

Silsoe Livestock Systems Ltd

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Minimising losses - Housing

  • Low emission housing
  • Combine with low protein diets

– Faeces/urine – Frequent manure removal

  • Slats/part solid
  • solid/solid with gutter
  • Scrape
  • Flush
  • Acidification

– Manure cooling – Straw to absorb

  • Welfare – loose vs. restrained
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Minimising losses – housing 2

  • Ventilation rate
  • Air movement paths
  • Heat exchangers

– 110kg pig = 150W

  • Exhaust air cleaning (ammonia & dust)
  • Opportunities to offset

– Solar heat and power – Ground source heat – Water harvesting

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BAT Part slated floor with manure cooling fins

  • BREF. Figure 4.23: manure surface cooling fins. Wageningen
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Heat Recovery in a Broiler House

BREF Figure 4.3

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Minimising losses – Manure Storage

  • Appropriate storage
  • Separation
  • Covering
  • Diffuse aeration/conditioning
  • Use of additives
  • Holding capacity matched to application

timing

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Minimise Losses – manure processing

  • Anaerobic digestion

– Heat, power – Improved N availability, reduced seed and pathogen burdens

  • Ammonium extraction
  • Phosphate rebalancing and stripping
  • Heat from manure stores
  • Gasification
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Minimising Losses – manure application

  • Analysis

– Laboratory

  • Chemical
  • Near Infrared Spectrometry

– On farm test kits

  • Planning as part of fertilisation regime

– Professional advisers – Decision support tools (MANNER NPK)

  • Homogenous or fractions
  • Application techniques
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Minimising losses – manure application

  • Application techniques

– Timing – Uniformity – Low emissions – Low soil losses – Minimise crop damage/quality impacts

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Crop nutrients

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Recovering Livestock N

  • Treatment

– Separate – De- nitrification – Recover

  • Transport
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Phosphate Recovery

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Anaerobic Digestion

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Minimising losses – product utilisation

  • Extract full value

– Meat cuts – Offals – Oils & fats – Hides, skins, feathers etc – Processed animal protein (PAP)

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Pigmeat Trade Flows (incl. live), 2010 with trend to 2020

5-10 10-25 25-50 50-75 75-100 100-200 > 200 Flows in '000 t cwe

Red arrow: decrease forecast in n+10 Black arrow: no significant change Blue arrow: increase forecast in n+10

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Animal Welfare Customer Aspirations Meat Quality & Safety Return on Investment

Successful sector

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Drivers to Change

  • Legislation?
  • Financial

– Lean manufacturing – Process analysis – Adopting technology and improving skills – Returns to stimulate investment Those who rise to the challenge will not only survive but prosper

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Thank You

www.bpex.org.uk