X-ray Laser Wakefield Acceleration in Nanotubes Sahel Hakimi 1 , - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
x ray laser wakefield acceleration in nanotubes
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

X-ray Laser Wakefield Acceleration in Nanotubes Sahel Hakimi 1 , - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 13, 2024 365 likes •675 views

X-ray Laser Wakefield Acceleration in Nanotubes Sahel Hakimi 1 , Xioamei Zhang 2 , Deano Farinella 1 , Calvin Lau 1 , Youngmin Shin 3 , Jonathan Wheeler 4 , Peter Taborek 1 , Gerard Mourou 4 , Franklin Dollar 1 , Toshiki Tajima 1 1 University of

slide-1
SLIDE 1

X-ray Laser Wakefield Acceleration in Nanotubes

Sahel Hakimi1, Xioamei Zhang2, Deano Farinella1, Calvin Lau1, Youngmin Shin3, Jonathan Wheeler4, Peter Taborek1, Gerard Mourou4, Franklin Dollar1, Toshiki Tajima1

1 University of California, Irvine, CA, United States 2 Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 3 Northern Illinois University and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, US 4 Ecole Polytechnique, France

Acceleration in Crystals and Nanostructures 2019

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Outline

v Motivation and Background v Simulation Results ØX-Ray laser driven wakefield ØScalings ØAddition of Lattice force v Discussion and conclusions

1

Acceleration in Crystals and Nanostructures 2019

slide-3
SLIDE 3

SLAC’s 2 miles long LINAC

  • Material breakdown (~100MV/m)
  • Increasing size and cost
  • r
  • Increasing acceleration gradients

UCI’s wakefield experiment

~ 10’s of microns long

𝐹"# = 𝑛&𝑑𝜕) 𝑓 = 96 n.(cm23) V m ~100GV/m

2

Advantage of Plasma Accelerators

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Laser-Driven Plasma Accelerators

3

… lasers of power density 1018 W/cm2... … plasmas of densities 1018 cm-3...

slide-5
SLIDE 5

4

Chirped Pulse Amplification

Invention of CPA won the Nobel prize in 2018

slide-6
SLIDE 6

5

Tajima T, Mourou G. PRAB. 2002

Chirped Pulse Amplification

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA)

6

Bubble regime

Nature 2004

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Current Challenges

  • Laser defocusing

– Guiding

  • Dephasing

– Density tailoring

  • Beam loading

– Electron beam shaping

7

[7.8GeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 084801 (2019)]

slide-9
SLIDE 9
  • Ponderomotive Force
  • Density perturbation
  • Wake creation
  • Particle trapping

F

𝑏< = 𝑓𝐹 𝑛&𝜕=𝑑 𝜕)

> = 4𝜌𝑜&𝑓>

𝑛&

̅ 𝑤DEF& ̅ 𝑤

GHIJ)

̅ 𝑤DEF& ̅ 𝑤

GHIJ)

𝜇) = 2𝜌𝑑 𝜕)

𝜇)

8

Physics of LWFA

slide-10
SLIDE 10

̅ 𝑤GHIJ) = 𝑑 1 − (𝑜&/𝑜N) 𝜗& = 2𝑏<

>𝑛&𝑑>( PQ PR)

𝑀T ∝

PQ PR

V/W ;

𝑀)T ∝

PQ PR

V/W ;

𝑎H = 𝜌𝑥<

>

𝜇

Dephasing Depletion Diffraction

9

Physics of LWFA

F

  • Wake velocity

𝑜& is the electron density in plasma (10Z[2Z\𝑑𝑛23) 𝑜N is the critical density of the laser (10>Z𝑑𝑛23)

  • Energy gain
  • Acc. length
slide-11
SLIDE 11
  • Energy gain and acc. length dependence on

target density

  • Increasing energy gain via critical density

Optical laser (800nm) X-ray laser (1nm)

𝜗& = [1MeV](𝑜N 𝑜& ) 𝑀 ∝

PQ PR Z PR

×103 ×10b

10

TeV/cm acc. gradient

𝑜N ≈ 10>Z cm23 𝑜& ≈ 10Z[ cm23 𝑜& ≈ 10>Z cm23 𝑜N ≈ 10>d cm23 ⁄ 𝑜N 𝑜& = 103 ⁄ 𝑜N 𝑜& = 10b

slide-12
SLIDE 12

11

Next Generation X-ray Lasers

Wheeler J, Mourou G, Tajima T. Technology and Applications of Advanced Accelerator Concepts 2016

slide-13
SLIDE 13

12

Mourou G, Mironov S, Khazanov E, Sergeev A. The European Physical Journal Special Topics. 2014

Thin Film Compression

slide-14
SLIDE 14

13

Naumova NM, Nees JA, Sokolov IV, Hou B, Mourou GA. Physical review letters. 2004

Relativistic Compression

RelaAvisAc Compression

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Advantages of Nanotubes

14

  • High density Higher acceleration gradient
  • Provides a mean to guide laser and the accelerated beam
  • Avoid slow-down of electrons due to collisions
  • Intact in time of ionization

Lazarowich RJ, Taborek P, Yoo BY, Myung NV. Journal of applied physics. 2007

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Epoch Simulations

  • QED 2D Particle-in-cell simulations

– Developed by Chris Brady, Keith Bennett, Christopher Ridgers, Roland Duclous – Available for free and is open source

  • Examined 1 and 1000 nm wavelengths
  • Simulations performed on the UCI HPC cluster

15

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Simulation Parameters

  • Moving box simulation with 3000 x 500 cells

– 60 x 100 nm (μm) box size

  • 10 particles per cell
  • Normalized vector potential a0 = 4

– Corresponding to intensity of 2.2 x 1025 Wcm-2 (5 x 1018 Wcm-2)

  • Focal size of 5λL
  • Plasma wall density of 5 x 1024 cm-3 (5 x 1018 cm-3)

16

Zhang X, Tajima T, Farinella D, Shin Y, Mourou G, Wheeler J, Taborek P, Chen P, Dollar F, Shen B. PRAB. 2016

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Guided vs. Unguided

17

Nanotube radius of 5 nm

Zhang X, Tajima T, Farinella D, Shin Y, Mourou G, Wheeler J, Taborek P, Chen P, Dollar F, Shen B. PRAB. 2016

slide-19
SLIDE 19

18

Guided vs. Unguided

Zhang X, Tajima T, Farinella D, Shin Y, Mourou G, Wheeler J, Taborek P, Chen P, Dollar F, Shen B. PRAB. 2016

slide-20
SLIDE 20

LWFA comparison

19

Maintaining laser wavelength to plasma wavelength ratio preserves wakefield structure 1 nm and 1000 nm laser confined in tubes of diameter 5λL and intensity a0 = 10

Zhang X, Tajima T, Farinella D, Shin Y, Mourou G, Wheeler J, Taborek P, Chen P, Dollar F, Shen B. PRAB. 2016

slide-21
SLIDE 21

20

Increasing radius ratio decreases effective density

Scalings

Zhang X, Tajima T, Farinella D, Shin Y, Mourou G, Wheeler J, Taborek P, Chen P, Dollar F, Shen B. PRAB. 2016

slide-22
SLIDE 22

21

Scalings

The wakefield scales with the tube wall density as 𝐹f ∝

𝑜gJh&

<.jd in the low density

region, which in principle agrees with the theory expected as 𝐹f ∝

𝑜 in the

uniform density case

Zhang X, Tajima T, Farinella D, Shin Y, Mourou G, Wheeler J, Taborek P, Chen P, Dollar F, Shen B. PRAB. 2016

slide-23
SLIDE 23

22

Scalings

As intensity increases, effective density increases due to larger plasma wavelength Similar scalings found for different radius ratios

Zhang X, Tajima T, Farinella D, Shin Y, Mourou G, Wheeler J, Taborek P, Chen P, Dollar F, Shen B. PRAB. 2016

slide-24
SLIDE 24
  • Dispersion relation is modified by the

transverse optical frequency

Tajima, T. and Ushioda Phys. Rev. B 1978

𝜗 𝑙, 𝜕 = 1 −

mno

W

mW2mpq

W −

mnR

W

mW2Fr

WsR W ;

𝜕"t

>

= 𝐿v 𝑛

23 Transverse Optical Frequency

Dispersion Relation

slide-25
SLIDE 25

𝑒x 𝑤P 𝑒𝑢 z 𝑦 = 𝑟 𝑛 } 𝐹 + x 𝑤P× } 𝐶 z 𝑦 − 𝐿v 𝑛 𝑦P − 𝑦P< z 𝑦

24

Lattice Force simulation and Parameters

Hakimi S, Nguyen T, Farinella D, Lau CK, Wang HY, Taborek P, Dollar F, Tajima T. Physics of Plasmas. 2018

  • EPOCH PIC code
  • Introduction of ionic structure
  • Addition of the ionic lattice force
  • Parameters
  • 𝜇= = 10nm; 125eV
  • 𝑜N = 10>‚cm23; 𝑜& = 10>3cm23
slide-26
SLIDE 26

without phonon frequency with phonon frequency

.

E„ E… P

„.

3× P

„ˆ

∗

25

Simulation Results

Hakimi S, Nguyen T, Farinella D, Lau CK, Wang HY, Taborek P, Dollar F, Tajima T. Physics of Plasmas. 2018

slide-27
SLIDE 27

26

Conclusions

  • Time-scales

– Passage of X-ray Pulse: attosecond – Ionization: femtosecond

  • Atom stabilization
  • Raster
  • X-ray photons: ℏ𝜕 ≫ 𝜚&

– Metallic plasma at solid density

slide-28
SLIDE 28

27

Conclusions

  • Crystal + Nanotubes

– Wakefield acceleration

  • 𝐹• ~ Ž.•
  • ‘
  • 𝜗 ~ 1eV over 2cm

TeV acc. on a chip

  • Recent proposal of TFC (2014) + RC (2004)

– Allows high intensity ultrafast X-ray laser

slide-29
SLIDE 29

Thank you

Acceleration in Crystals and Nanostructures 2019