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การบรรยายพิเศษ การบรรยายพิเศษ World Nutrition Forum World Nutrition Forum ประเทศออสเตรีย ประเทศออสเตรีย 7 7-

• 8

8 กันยายน กันยายน 2549 2549

โดย โดย รศ รศ. . ดร ดร. . กิจการ กิจการ ศุภมาตย ศุภมาตย ศูนยวิจัยสุขภาพสัตวน้ํา ศูนยวิจัยสุขภาพสัตวน้ํา คณะทรัพยากรธรรมชาติ คณะทรัพยากรธรรมชาติ

Biomin Biomin’ ’s s Friend Friend

Biomin Biomin GmbH GmbH Headquarter : Austria Headquarter : Austria : Thailand Branch : Thailand Branch :Worldwide distribution :Worldwide distribution

News and Trends in News and Trends in Aquaculture Aquaculture

Dr.

• Dr. Kidchakan

Kidchakan Supamattaya Supamattaya Prince of Prince of Songkla Songkla University University Songkhla Songkhla, Thailand , Thailand E E-

• mail:

mail: kidchakan.s@psu.ac.th kidchakan.s@psu.ac.th

World Population and Food World Population and Food needs needs

World population increase by 75 million per year How will the world feed its people in 2050? (with 9 Billion population) 850 million people suffer from chronic hunger

Can fisheries and Can fisheries and aquaculture be a solution? aquaculture be a solution?

Malnutrition ??

• ver nutrition/under nutrition

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year Production (m.m.t) Aquaculture Capture Total

World Fisheries and World Fisheries and Aquaculture Production Aquaculture Production

146 mmt 91 mmt 55 mmt

F FAO, 2005 Presently, aquaculture shared 37% of total production and will increase to 50% in 2010

Aquaculture is the fastest Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production growing food production sector sector

9-10 % increasing rate per year

Distribution of Aquaculture Distribution of Aquaculture production production

Molluscs, 23% Finfish, 52% Crustacean, 4% Aquatic plants, 21%

Global production of major farmed species

Tilapia, 1.5, 6%

Carps, 20, 77%

Salmon, 1.2, 5%

Catfish, 0.5, 2% Trout, 0.5, 2%

S h r i m p , 1 . 8 , 7 %

FW prawn, 0.25, 1%

unit = 1,000,000 tonnes, FAO

Top ten aquaculture producing country in 2002

Chile, 546 USA, 497 Viet Nam, 519 Norway, 554 Thailand, 645 Japan, 828 Bangladesh 787 I ndonesia, 914 I ndia (5.51% ) 2,192

Other (11.43% ) 4,550 China (82.15% ) 27,767

unit = 1,000 tonnes, FAO

Global consumption Global consumption

• The global seafood market is estimated at US$

The global seafood market is estimated at US$ 100 billion per year 100 billion per year

• The world demand increases 3% per year

The world demand increases 3% per year

• Japan is the world largest seafood market

Japan is the world largest seafood market followed by EU followed by EU

• World per capita consumption, at present is 16

World per capita consumption, at present is 16 kg, 18.4 kg in 2010 and 21 kg in 2030 kg, 18.4 kg in 2010 and 21 kg in 2030

Tsukiji Tsukiji, the world largest , the world largest seafood market, Japan seafood market, Japan

Top five consumed species Top five consumed species

• Salmon

Salmon

• Shrimp

Shrimp

• Tilapia

Tilapia

• Catfish

Catfish

• Carp : (major

Carp : (major consumption is in consumption is in China and India) China and India)

I ssues in Aquaculture I ssues in Aquaculture

Genetic improvement in Genetic improvement in Aquaculture Aquaculture

• Less than 10% of aquaculture production

Less than 10% of aquaculture production based on genetically improved strain based on genetically improved strain

• Full genome sequenced only from few

Full genome sequenced only from few species (zebra fish, puffer fish, Japanese species (zebra fish, puffer fish, Japanese medaka medaka) )

• Selective breeding program is widely used

Selective breeding program is widely used in many species for strain selection in many species for strain selection

Genetic improvement in Genetic improvement in Aquaculture Aquaculture

• Established species

Established species

• Salmon

Salmon

• Trout

Trout

• Tilapia

Tilapia

• White shrimp

White shrimp

• Experimental stages

Experimental stages

• Black tiger shrimp

Black tiger shrimp

• Cobia

Cobia

• Grouper

Grouper

• Catfish

Catfish

• Seabass

Seabass ( (Lates Lates calcarifer calcarifer) )

• Cod

Cod

• Turbot

Turbot

Transgenic : solve or cause Transgenic : solve or cause problems ???? problems ????

• Tilapia with insulin producing

gene !!

• Transgenic salmon escape

from farm !!!!

• Transgenic food relieve world

hunger

I mportant Culture Species I mportant Culture Species

(more than 250 species are cultured) (more than 250 species are cultured)

• High value species

High value species

• Salmon

Salmon

• Cod

Cod

• Atlantic halibut

Atlantic halibut

• Sea urchin

Sea urchin

• Marine Shrimp

Marine Shrimp

• Cobia

Cobia

• Tuna

Tuna

• Grouper/Snapper

Grouper/Snapper

• Bass (European and

Bass (European and Asian) Asian)

• Pacific threadfin

Pacific threadfin

Culture commodity Culture commodity

• Salmon

Salmon

– – Established production Established production – – Well known market Well known market – – High value High value – – Most advanced Most advanced production technology production technology – – High production cost High production cost – – Use high fishmeal and Use high fishmeal and fish oil diet fish oil diet – – Environmental concern Environmental concern

• Shrimp

Shrimp

– – Well developed market Well developed market – – High value High value – – Production cycle not Production cycle not completed in some sp. completed in some sp. – – Need genetic Need genetic improvement and improvement and domestication domestication – – Use high fishmeal and Use high fishmeal and fish oil diet fish oil diet – – Environmental concern Environmental concern

CP shrimp farm, I ndonesia

Domestication and genetic improvement in Black tiger shrimp still in experimental stages

Black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

Cobia farm in Taiwan

• Fastest growing specie (6-8 kg/ year)
• High value/ well accept market
• genetic improvement needed
• New diseases emerge and needs

vaccine development

I mportant Culture Species I mportant Culture Species

• Low value species

Low value species – – Tilapia Tilapia – – Carp Carp – – Catfish Catfish

• Low on food chain

Low on food chain – – Require less fishmeal in diet Require less fishmeal in diet – – High plant protein diet High plant protein diet – – Trend for the future (not rely on FM/FO) Trend for the future (not rely on FM/FO)

Offshore Aquaculture for Offshore Aquaculture for Future Production Future Production

• Aquaculture need space

Aquaculture need space

• Arable land is decreasing

Arable land is decreasing (10 ha/min) (10 ha/min)

Offshore cage 3-6,000 tons capacity

• Submerged
• Out of sight
• Out of reach of storm
• Out of coastal pollution
• Out of shipping traffic

Constraints Constraints

I mpact of Aquaculture on I mpact of Aquaculture on Environment Environment

• Aquaculture need space

Aquaculture need space

• Waste and nutrient loaded to natural

Waste and nutrient loaded to natural water (Eutrophication) water (Eutrophication)

• FM and FO used in aqua

FM and FO used in aqua-

• feed

feed

• Diseases transmission from farm fish to

Diseases transmission from farm fish to wild fish wild fish

• Chemical contaminant in natural water

Chemical contaminant in natural water

Arial view of shrimp farm

Do you know? Do you know? How much fecal waste from 500 How much fecal waste from 500 million farmed salmon?? million farmed salmon??

200,000 salmon can produce as much as fecal 200,000 salmon can produce as much as fecal waste as a city of 62,000 peoples waste as a city of 62,000 peoples !! !!

Animal feed production in 2003 : 620 m mt

19.5 m mt (Tacon presentation, 2005)

Future use of Fishmeal and Future use of Fishmeal and Fish oil Fish oil

• Estimated production of Aqua

Estimated production of Aqua-

• feed in 2010 and

feed in 2010 and 2020 is 27 and 37 m 2020 is 27 and 37 m mt mt

• Global production of fishmeal and fish oil are

Global production of fishmeal and fish oil are stable at 7 stable at 7-

• 8 m

8 m mt mt and 1 and 1-

• 1.1 m

1.1 m mt mt/yr /yr

• > 50% fishmeal and > 80% fish oil are used in

> 50% fishmeal and > 80% fish oil are used in aqua aqua-

• feed

feed

• Urgent need for research and market

Urgent need for research and market

– – Fish meal and fish oil replacement in aqua Fish meal and fish oil replacement in aqua-

• feed

feed – – Biotechnology for single cell protein rich in DHA and Biotechnology for single cell protein rich in DHA and EPA EPA

Diseases and Prevention Diseases and Prevention

• New diseases will always emerge in the

New diseases will always emerge in the culture system culture system

• Strategies

Strategies

• Surveillance and bio

Surveillance and bio-

• security system

security system

• Rapid diagnosis

Rapid diagnosis

• Develop the disease resistant strains

Develop the disease resistant strains

• Vaccine technology

Vaccine technology

• Use of antibiotics to be minimized (trend

Use of antibiotics to be minimized (trend

• f
• f prebiotics

prebiotics, , probiotics probiotics and medicinal and medicinal plants) plants)

Good Example for vaccine Good Example for vaccine technology from Salmon culture in technology from Salmon culture in Norway and Chile Norway and Chile

Commercial scale vaccination in salmon farm

Advantages and disadvantages Advantages and disadvantages

• f Aquaculture compared with other food
• f Aquaculture compared with other food

production sector production sector

• No severe disease

No severe disease transmission to human transmission to human

• Good for health (lower

Good for health (lower cholesterol, high EPA cholesterol, high EPA DHA) DHA)

• Increasing in market

Increasing in market demand demand

• High potential in

High potential in developing countries developing countries

• Need R&D for new

Need R&D for new species in various species in various aspect aspect

• Aquaculture activities

Aquaculture activities have direct impact to have direct impact to environment environment

Outlook Outlook

• Aquaculture is a key food producing sector

Aquaculture is a key food producing sector with a high projection growth with a high projection growth

• Demand of seafood is increasing 3% /yr with

Demand of seafood is increasing 3% /yr with value > US$ 100 billion value > US$ 100 billion

• Sustainable aquaculture is needed for future

Sustainable aquaculture is needed for future production (GAP, production (GAP, CoC CoC, Eco , Eco-

• labeling)

labeling)

• The future use of FM and FO in Aqua

The future use of FM and FO in Aqua-

• feed

feed become a serious issue become a serious issue

• Genetic improvement is badly need for many

Genetic improvement is badly need for many

• f culture species
• f culture species

Hugh Potential for Growth of Hugh Potential for Growth of Aquaculture Aquaculture and Related and Related Business in the Future Business in the Future

Thank you Thank you