Workshop Referencing, NOT Plagiarism 1 Dr Ali Rashidi - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1

Workshop

In the name of God

Dr Ali Rashidi

Referencing, NOT Plagiarism

WHAT is referencing? WHY do I need to

reference?

WHAT do I need to

reference?

HOW do I read a

reference?

• Referencing is a way of

acknowledging the sources that you have referred to in your work

• It allows the reader to see where you

are basing the arguments and conclusions you’ve come to in your work.

• It gives a sense of the broader

academic context in which your work sits

• Enables you as an author to do a

number of things

• Being able to read a reference can

help you find more sources for your research.

• You need to reference any work or

ideas that are no your own.

T

• Inform

T

• Demonstrate

T

• Separate

Inform your readers of the sources you have used so they can follow up your references to find the original sources of information Demonstrate that you have read widely – evidence the depth and breadth of your reading. Reading around your subject allows you to interact with ideas and concept and demonstrates your depth of interest and understanding in your subject Separate your ideas from the ideas of others You will often be marked on your ability to assess, contrast, critically analyse and evaluate different arguments. Accurate referencing will help make it clear which parts

• f your writing are based on the work of others and

which are your own analysis and evaluation

4

T

• Reinforce

T

• Acknowledge

Reinforce your own arguments. Illustrate that you are basing your own arguments on established evidence from high – quality sources. Provide credibility to your own ideas Acknowledge contribution from others. Provide context for your writing in the work being done by

• thers. Avoid Plagiarism

When and What to Reference

Write down as many things you can think of that require referencing

• Statistics
• Quotations
• Facts
• Examples from other people’s work
• Diagrams
• Images and photographs
• Models
• Equations
• Theories/ideas/concepts

True or False

• Information on the internet is 'free'. Anyone can use it without having to

reference it.

• As long as I use speech marks, I don't have to say where the quotation is

from.

• I can copy pictures/diagrams/photos without referencing them.
• If I summarise other people's ideas, I still need to reference them.
• If I paraphrase or rewrite the information, I don't need to reference it.
• Some info is 'common knowledge', it doesn't need to be referenced.
• Being caught plagiarising can result in the failure of a degree course.
• Statistics need to be referenced.
• If I cite someone once, I can use their ideas later without needing to cite

them again.

• Plagiarism is copying published work; I can copy my mate's work because

it's not been published.

How to Reference

Cite the original text Directly Quote from the original text Paraphrase the idea or concept This is when you are using someone else’s idea, image, diagram, without using their exact text When you write word-for-word something from someone else’s writing. These should be kept short. When you have a large article and want to summarise the ideas into a few sentences or provide an overview of the idea/concept All of these three methods require you to reference your source of information

Choose your method

You have over two pages of an article that you want to use as evidence for your

• essay. It is possible to quote parts of it, but this might not give the full picture.

How should you do this? Cite the original text Directly Quote from the original text Paraphrase the idea or concept None of These

Choose your method

You have made a point in your essay and need to illustrate it with some evidence from a primary source. You have a sentence that is perfect. How can you include this in your essay Cite the original text Directly quote from the original text Paraphrase the idea or concept None of These

Choose your method

Your teacher mentioned a widely agreed concept in a lecture, you have looked it up in a few books but they do not seem to reference back to any particular

• author. You are worried you will not be able to find a citation for this. What do you

do? Cite the original text Directly Quote from the original text Paraphrase the idea or concept None of These

Be consistent and precise!

How to Reference

In-Text References

These appear in the main body of the text to indicate the source of your information Use in-text references whenever you mention facts written by someone else, or when you include someone else’s ideas Write the surname of the author and the date of publication, in brackets e.g. (Greaves, 2004) Use letters after the date to distinguish between books by the same author published in the same year (Greaves, 2004a)

12

13

MEGGS, P.B. (ed.) (1998) A history of Graphic Design, 3rd ed., Chichester: John Wiley

In-text – (Meggs, 1998)

End list references Harvard style- books

End List References / Bibliography

The end list is a list of sources that you have either quoted directly or used arguments from, listed in alphabetical order by author (or editor) surname Be consistent with formats – capitals & italics should be used in the same way throughout You should also include a bibliography of items consulted but not cited in your work

14

15

5 Steps to Import Citations into your research

paper

1. Install EndNote on your PC/Laptop 2. Create an EndNote Library 3. Collect References and Import into EndNote 4. Insert (Cite) the References in Microsoft Word 5. Change Reference (Citation) Style

16

Objective

To Learn to use EndNote software to manage references and easily insert / format citations, create bibliographies in your publication

17

What is A software that:

• stores and organizes references found

from many sources

• inserts these citations into a Word

document, and

• automatically format your references

according to a predefined citation style

18

Flow Process in EndNote

Search and save References (eg. PubMed, Web of Science) Microsoft Word “Cite While You Write”

Import Export Other citation styles JAMA / Vancouver citation style

19

Step 2 : Create an EndNote Library

a) Open EndNote. b) Click on File  New... to create a new EndNote Library. c) Enter a filename. d) Click Save.

20

Step 3 : Collect References/Citations

a) Method 1: Search in databases and export citations (PubMed) b)Method 2: Search PubMed directly in EndNote c) Method 3 : Manually enter a Reference

21

Step 3 : Collect References/Citations Method 1 Search in databases and export citations

a)Perform search in PubMed b)Mark references to be saved c)From the Display drop-down menu, select MEDLINE. d)From the Send to drop-down menu, select File. e)Save the file as a .txt file

22

Method 1 Con’d: Import into EndNote

a) Open an EndNote library previously created. b) To import references, click on . A dialogue box “Import” appears:

i. Import data file: Browse for the saved file from PubMed ii. Import option : Click Other filters. Look for the database name PubMed (NLM). Click Choose.

c) Click Import. The references will appear in your active EndNote Library.

23

Step 3 : Collect References/Citations Method 2: Search PubMed directly in EndNote

• Valid only for Freely Available Databases
• This Method good for Known Citations

a) In an EndNote Library, under Online Search on the left, click on PubMed (NLM). b)Enter keyword in search box c)Retrieved records from 1 through XX. Enter the desired number for XX. d)All records (relevant?) will be saved into EndNote

24

Step 3 : Collect References/Citations Method 3: Manually Create a Reference in EndNote

• Useful for working papers / manuscripts

which are not found in databases a) In an EndNote Library, at the top, click on ReferencesNew Reference b) Under Reference Type:, click on the drop-down menu and select accordingly (eg. Web Page) c)Enter information such as author, year, title d)Simply click on X (close the window) and the reference will be saved

25

Other Features

a) Remove Duplicates i. In an EndNote Library, click References on the menu bar Find Duplicates b) Organise References into Groups (or folders) i. Highlight a reference in EndNote Library ii. Right – Click Add References To  Create Custom Group…

• iii. Type a group name. Enter.

c) Auto-Filtering with Smart Groups d) Compress a Library and Email to Colleague e) Direct Links to Web of Science via Library Proxy

Toolbar in Microsoft Word

• Microsoft Word 2003
• Microsoft Word 2007

27

Step 4: Insert References in Word (Cite While You Write) a) In an EndNote library, highlight a reference. b) In Microsoft Word, place cursor at insertion point. c) Look for the EndNote toolbar:

i. For Word 2003, click on 4th button Insert Selected Citation(s) ii. For Word 2007, click on the button Insert Citation. Click Insert Selected Citation(s).

d) The reference is inserted.

Step 5: Change Reference Style

28

a) In Microsoft Word, look for the EndNote toolbar:

i. For Word 2003 & below, click on the 3rd button Format Bibliography. ii. For Word 2007, go to Style:  Select another style

b) Under With output style, click Browse... c) Select the desired journal style. Eg. JAMA d) The references are now re-formatted.

Advanced Session

The slides of this section of presentation were adopted from the workshop done at the university of Southampton

Work with the EndNote Library

30

Edit the reference style - footnotes

31

Apply an edited reference style

32

Templates - how they work

33

Set some EndNote preferences

34

Using special characters

35

Managing duplicates

36

Working with groups

37

Sort references into groups

• Groups can be custom groups or Smart

groups

• Records can be copied into more than one

group

• Group sets can be created from a mixture of

custom groups and smart groups

• New groups can be created from records in

existing groups

38

Create custom groups

39

Create Smart groups

40

Group sets

You can further organise your groups:

Combine selected Custom Groups and Smart Groups into a Group Set

41

Create from groups

• Existing groups can be combined with

AND/OR operators

• Identify records appearing in a particular

combination of groups

• Identify records appearing in one group

but not in another

42

Edit an existing reference

43

Edit a group of references

• Make changes to any field in all

references or a group of references

• Useful for adding keywords, or

research notes, to a group of references

44

Search the Endnote Library

45

Working with figures

46

47

Attach a figure to any reference in the Endnote Library The 'figure' can be:

• an image file (JPEG, GIF, TIFF, BMP)
• a multimedia file (MOV, QuickTime)

Audio files can also be added (WAV, MP3)

47

Attach PDF files to records

48

Importing references from PDF files

49

Importing files from a pdf folder containing pdf files

50

Use EndNote with Word

51

Insert footnote references into Word

52

Manage the bibliography layout

53

Export the EndNote Library

54

Export references from external databases

55

Export from OVID databases

56

Export from EBSCO databases

57

Exporting from the Cochrane Library

58

Import references from Google Scholar

59

Search and export from library catalogues

60

Sharing a library on EndNote Web

61

62

 Best Wishes in Your Referencing