Workshop for the definition of a methodological approach for the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Governance situation & objectives of the participatory initiative For Jabal Moussa Biosphere , Lebanon Workshop for the definition of a methodological approach for the participative management of forests in the Mediterranean Region Component 3: “Development of territorial participatory governance approaches for the management of Mediterranean forest ecosystems” 25-27 June 2013, Antalya, Turkey

FFEM Project “Optimizing the production of goods and services by Mediterranean forest ecosystems in a context of global change”

General Description of the Pilot Site (1)

Total area of the site (ha):

• Jabal Moussa is a Biosphere Reserve located in Keserwan-Jbeil area,

Lebanon.

• It became part of the UNESCO Network of Biosphere under the Man

and Biosphere (MAB) Program in February 2009 .

• It is located in the Kesrouan area, 50 km from the capital Beirut,

dominates two rivers: Nahr Ibrahim from the northern side and Nahr el-Dahab from the southern side. It covers an area of 6500ha at an altitude ranging between 350m and 1700m

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West the Med Sea has a dominant pristine steep, verdant mountainsides rising from a river lined with cool aromatic sycamore trees, to reach summits of statue-like karstic rocks.

Jabal Moussa

• Situation maps
• Pictures…
• Road map
• Trail distances
• Location Map
• Overview pic

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General description of the pilot site (2)

Main surrounding villages are: Qehmez - Nahr el-Dahab - Yahchouch - Ghbeleh - el-Aabri

General description of the pilot site (2)

Total forested area (ha):

• The summit of the reserve totalling to 270 ha: g predominantly Quercus cerris

associated with Q. infectoria to the north and Q. caliprinos in the south. Two distinct sub-zone are observed one is -160 ha- of forest on the north band with predominate

• O. carpinifolia trees and -110 ha- of forest (having predominately Fraxinus ornus and

Ostrya carpinifolia) on the South band .

• The steep sides of North-West have a total area of 765 ha as follows:

– Mixed forest (Q. Calliprinos and Pinus brutia): 231 ha – Dense forest Q. Calliprinos forest: 260 ha – Dense forest of (Styrax, Ostrya...) 55 ha – Riparian 5 ha – in addition to a 214 ha of degraded forest zone area (mainly of Q. caliprinos and grass)

• The steep slopes of South and South-East has a poorer vegetative cover and is a 215

ha of forest as follows:

– Dense forest of Q. Calliprinos: 5 ha – Mix of Q. Calliprinos and Q. infectoria: 167 ha – Calicoton and spartium: 32 h – Riparian : 2

The total forest area thus covers1250 ha (of which 17% are degraded).

General Description of the Pilot site (2)

• Area concerned by component 3 : 1250 ha
• Forested area concerned by component 3 :

the whole forest area 1250 ha.

• the reserve has 4 kind of ownerships:
• 1. the religious property that form the majority of the land owners
• 2. the family ownership that run by elected members representing

the family

• 3. the communal land (local authority or public property)
• 4. private owners
• In the core zone: 94% are of the first 3 types and 6% are of private
• wnership.
• Buffer zones : 58.60% of the first 3 types and 41.40% are private
• wnership.
• Development zone: 14.30% are of first 3 listed types and 85.70%

private ones.

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General Description of the Pilot site (2)

Ownership of the forest land:

• The Reserve is managed by an NGO (the Association for the

Protection of Jabal Moussa (APJM). the latter has evolved from initially focusing on nature conservation solely to addressing both conservation and livelihood improvement (local specialized staff has been recruited. The ecotourism infrastructure is completely community-based ).

• The site is also subject to the law number 558 dated 24th of July

1996 with a ministerial decree issued by the Ministry of Agriculture relating to the protection and the management of such forests.

• APJM has acquired new levels of legal protection for the reserve. In

February 2012 a Presidential Decree was issued identifying and classifying Jabal Moussa as a Protected Natural Site.

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General Description of the Pilot site (2)

• Population in the site:

The total inhabitants are 8 379 people where only 4 715 are permanent residents.

• Forest users:

around 10% of the above total population

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General Description of the Pilot site (2)

General description of the pilot site (3)

• The reserve has 4 mediterranean types:
• 1. the « thermomediterranean» (up to 500 m. of altitude)
• 2. the «meso-mediterranean» (500 -1000 m)
• 3. the «supra-mediterranean » (1000 -1500 m)
• 4. the « mountain-Mediterranean » (1500 – 1700 m of

altitude).

Bioclimatic zone:

Jabal Moussa

has a variety of bioclimates varying from sub-humid to humid with warm winter in the lower altitude areas and temperate humid in the medium altitude zones reaching per-humid climate in the upper altitudes.

General Description of the Pilot Site (3)

• the biogeography region of the evergreen sclerophyllic shrubs and

forests within Mediterranean biomes.

• slopes of dense forests, deep valleys, dissected with rivers and

streams, water catchment, caves and rocky karstic habitat with various oak trees, agricultural land, and urban area.

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Main types of ecosystems:

• It is a Global Important Bird Area (IBA) where

it hosts 83 bird species, 7 are regionally or globally threatened.

• Around 30 reptiles and amphibians .
• 23 mammal species encountered in the

reserve area including the squirrel, wolf, hyrax, and hyena. 14 species, are wholly or partially limited to the Middle East region, 8 are regionally threatened and 6 are significantly declining.

General Description of the Pilot Site (3)

• Eleven endemic plant species , with

many of high genetic and economic value including wild relatives.

• An impressive diversity of forestry,

variety of trees.

• Twenty specimens of trees and shrubs

can be observed such as Ostrya carpinifolia (JM is the southern-most frontier in the oriental Mediterranean)

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Forest can be captured in:

• specimens that are attractive to tourists such as futaies (dense or

bright) and cepees;

• classical specimens such as Pinus brutia, Quercus infectoria,

Quercus calliprinos

• rare specimens in Lebanon that are developing at a remarkable

rate such as Quercus cerris, Juniperus drupacea, Fraxinus ornus

General Description of the Pilot Site (3)

• Predominant activities: charcoal

production, traditional agricultural activities (fruit trees plantation, olive, grape, apple, cereals and legumes) grazing, and seasonal recreation.

• The ecotourism infrastructures (APJM),

provide income to local residents including hiking, available guest houses (local guards, guides, guesthouses, bed-and breakfast..).

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Socio-economic activities in JM Native tree nurseries create income to locals from land rental and maintenance. Local food and handicraft products branded and sold generate substantial income for non-working women.

Apricot and peach Jam , Kishk, thyme , tomato Paste…. lavender bags Jar covers, wooden coasters , traditional embroidered bags, traditional d ll d t i bi di it k h i

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lavender bags Jar covers, wooden coasters , traditional embroidered bags,

thyme , tomato Paste….

Local food and handicraft products branded

Natural Resource Management Framework

Sector Competent authority

Forestry Ministry of Agriculture (MOA)

Ministry of Environment (MOE)

Agriculture MOA Fauna/Flora conservation MOA MOE Livestock farming MOA Tourism Ministry of Tourism Urban & rural spatial planning Ministry of Public Affaire Water management MOA Ministry of Energy and Water (MOEW) Fishing MOA Hunting MOA MOE Pasture management MOA

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Natural Resource Management Framework

• Decision number 1/399 dated 2008 declares Jabal Moussa as

protected forest site (the core zone, 43% of buffer zone and et 14% of the development zone).

• The site is also subject to the law number 558 dated 24th of July 1996

with a minister decree issued by the Ministry of Agriculture relating to protection and management of such forests

• The site has acquired new levels of legal protection for the reserve. In

February 2012 a Presidential Decree was issued identifying and classifying Jabal Moussa as a Protected Natural Site. Some legislations (laws, ministerial decree) contribute to protect and manage the site.

Stakeholders & their interests in the pilot site

Actors/Stakeholders

(people/groups who have an interest/implication in the site)

Type of interest Participation in management choices and/or implementation

• f actions

MOA Strengthen enforcement of existing forest law / regulations Improvement in forest law /regulations Enhance MOA forest inventory biodiversity data & pasture management Coherence with national forest programs and plans Participate in design of management plans and execution of actions Issuing of JM forest management plan through a decision/decree MOE national reserve planning and management Participate in design of management plans Municipalities/Local authority Enhanced local governance Income benefit through taxes Direct revenues on communal land ecotouristic investements Consultation and implications to actions

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Stakeholders & their interests in the pilot site

Actors/Stakeholders

(people/groups who have an interest/implication in the site)

Type of interest Participation in management choices and/or implementation

• f actions

NGO/APJM Enhanced management of JM Protection of local patrimony /heritage Participate in design of management plans and execution of actions Facilitate/coordinate/collaborate all activities/interventions

Other NGO SPNL IBA Provides guidelines for management plans to improve fauna/flora protection JM inhabitants owners Own natural resource evelopment

Capacity dvelopment in management Economic benefits /revenues /added values house owners

Management and implementation

• f actions

JM inhabitants non

• wners

Alternative/income and or employment generation activities (thyme, agriculture, pastoralists/local food production, local handicraft production, labors .... implementation of actions

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Stakeholders & their interests in the pilot site

Actors/Stakeholders

(people/groups who have an interest/implication in the site)

Type of interest Participation in management choices and/or implementation

• f actions

Foresters/chracoal producers Wood extraction Participate in design of management plans and execution of actions Tourists/consumers/hu nters Wildlife

• bservation/hicking/local

enjoying products Contribute to revenues for managing the site

Researchers/international expert visitors Knowledge generation on natural resources and Mediterranean forest biodiversity Guidelines, methodologies International

• rganizations (UNEP, plan

bleu, FFEM, IUCN, ..... Enhanced regional/global capacities to climate change responses through Mediterranean forest management International guidelines and methodologies funding of planning and implementation of action plans Religious Waqf responsible-owners Protection of own resources Management and implementation of actions

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Pressures on natural resources in the pilot site

Type of pressure Framing or control measure Organism responsible for application Efficiency

(0=inefficient, 1=partially efficient; 2=efficient)

Hunting - Illegal hunting Hunting management plans and controls in the field Forest services-MOA Wood collection for Charcoal production Promoting non-wood products alternative energy sources and income generating activities and control in the field Forest services-MOA 1.5 Urbanism and road building Law enforcement Site Urban planning legislation/decree Municipalities Ministry of Public Works Green plan at MOA 1 Illegal Grazing Determining grazing capacities and provide alternative pasture lands or animal feeding scenarios MOA 1 Deforestation /forest fires Reforestation Fire prevention and control MOA Civil defense Municipalities 1

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Stakeholders’ conflicts & synergies in the pilot site

• Conflicts
• Scattered and diversified land ownership
• Local inhabitants are resisting to uncommon initiatives
• Measures

– Proper dialogue is to be in place – Proper implication of APJM – Good targeted awareness raising for users

• Synergies:
• Establish a consultative entity representing diversified actors and the

interventions through other funded projects

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Conflicts of interest:

• Objectives of the participative management initiative
• Development of management plan for JM based on all stakeholders

contributions, insights and endorsement

• Capacity building for all stakeholders
• Creation of platform for communication, knowledge management and sharing

and awareness campaign for the users

• Create local ownership for JM mangement, maintenance and development
• Allow better valorisation and added value to beneficiaries and users.
• Promote fund raising for remaining needed and or other future activites
• Participative initiatives already implemented in the site:
• Ecotouristic community based management

Participative management in the pilot site (1)

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• Stakeholders that could be involved in the participative

initiative and their potential roles:

– Official partners: MoA, Municipalities – Local mobilizers/ leaders – Actors: tourism promoters, local producers, small businesses

• wners, charcoal producers, shepherds

– Legal and official site managers, representative of forest owners – Technical partners: experts, MoA entities, research institutions

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Participative management in the pilot site (2)

• Dialogue is enhanced between the stakeholders (public, non governmental,

international, national and local)

• All stakeholders are involved and a shared vision is developed
• Management is based on the active engagement of the local actors,

agriculture producers, shepherds, guest houses.

• Decision taken at various levels are coordinated
• Good practices are developed to reduce the risks of forest fires
• forest Management plan is integrated in approach through positive

engagement, involvement

• Forest protection and related laws are enforced and in place following the

basic actors needs

• Capacity is strengthened for management of the site and for addressing new

challenges

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Participative management in the pilot site (3)

Expected Results from the participative initiative:

Thanks for your attention!

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