(Wood Stoves, Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces) WESTAR Fall - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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(Wood Stoves, Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces) WESTAR Fall - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 01, 2023 344 likes •546 views

EPA Report on Residential Wood Heaters (Wood Stoves, Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces) WESTAR Fall Meeting September 19, 2018 Overview Regulatory Activities o 1988 and 2015 NSPS Rulemakings o 2018 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking o

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EPA Report on Residential Wood Heaters (Wood Stoves, Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces)

WESTAR Fall Meeting September 19, 2018

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SLIDE 2

Overview

  • Regulatory Activities
  • 1988 and 2015 NSPS Rulemakings
  • 2018 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
  • 2018 Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
  • Cordwood Test Method Development
  • ASTM
  • Integrated Duty Cycle
  • EPA Assistance to States

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SLIDE 3

Air Agency Concerns

Wood smoke is a major contributor to areas exceeding or close to exceeding NAAQS for fine particles (PM2.5 measured over 24 hour period):

  • Fairbanks, AK
  • Greater Salt Lake, UT area
  • West Silver Valley, ID
  • Plumas County, CA

State/local air agencies (and EPA) regularly receive nuisance complaints from citizens concerned about excessive smoke from neighbor’s wood- burning devices. In absence of an effective national standard, individual state actions will result in a regulatory patchwork – tighter, disparate emission standards and burn bans.

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1988 and 2015 NSPS

  • The original New Source Performance Standards (NSPS),

issued in 1988, covered only new adjustable burn-rate woodstoves and fireplace inserts.

  • The 2015 NSPS, published on March 16, 2015
  • Regulates new residential wood heaters
  • Covers adjustable and single burn-rate woodstoves, pellet

stoves, hydronic heaters, forced air furnaces, and fireplace inserts

  • Does NOT regulate existing heating devices currently in use,

masonry heaters, fireplaces, pizza ovens, barbecues, chimeneas, fire pits, or heaters fueled solely by oil, gas, coal

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SLIDE 5

Overview of 2015 NSPS

Because 90% of wood heater manufacturers are small businesses, a number of accommodations in the 2015 final rule included:

  • Phased compliance approach: Step 1 in May 2015 and Step 2 in May 2020
  • 8-month sell-through period for existing non-Step 1 compliant appliances
  • Automatic Step 1 certification:
  • for the 85% of wood heaters previously certified under the 1988 NSPS
  • for 70 hydronic heater models qualified under EPA’s Voluntary

Program, plus an additional 20 models approved under New York hydronic heater programs

  • for forced-air furnaces that have test reports that are independently

certified (not self-tested)

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2015 NSPS Health Benefits and Costs

  • Reduces emissions of about 8,300 tons of fine particles
  • Reduces emissions of about 9,300 tons of VOCs
  • Reduces emissions of about 46,100 tons of CO
  • Benefits of $3.4 billion to $7.6 billion annually at 3% discount rate and $ 2013
  • Range reflects number of avoided deaths estimated using two long-term cohort

studies (Krewski et al. 2009 and Lepeule et al. 2012); unable to monetize benefits from VOC and CO reductions

  • Costs of $46 million annually (in $2013)
  • $74 to $165 in health benefits for every dollar spent
  • Benefits and costs are an average of annual impacts between 2015 and 2020

inclusive.

  • Benefits and costs reflect implementation of both Steps 1 and 2, with Step 2

implementation dominating the impacts by 2020

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Ongoing Engagement

  • Implementation of 2015 NSPS
  • Appliances compliant with Step 2 emission limits as of Spring 2018:
  • Wood & pellet stoves – 77 models
  • Hydronic heaters – 9 models
  • Forced-air furnaces – 1 model, plus another currently being reviewed by EPA
  • Encouraging States to take delegation of rule
  • Developing Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) and cordwood test method
  • Supporting wood stove change-out programs and Burn Wise education program
  • Non-Rulemaking Changes
  • Collaborating with masonry heater industry to collect preliminary data
  • Cordwood test method development is ongoing, but industry can request it as an

alternative test method now. Cordwood methods for HHs and FAFs were allowed in the 2015 NSPS.

  • ERT should be available in 2019

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Plan for Revising the Woodheater NSPS

  • Summer/Fall 2018
  • Propose changes to 2015 rule via a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), proposing

a 2-year sell-through provision and soliciting comment on pellet fuel requirements

  • Currently under OMB review (accepted August 3)
  • Solicit ideas about other issues via an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

(ANPRM). These other issues may include Step 2 compliance date, emission limits, and audit testing.

  • Currently under OMB review (accepted August 10)
  • Fall/Winter 2018: Publish final rule regarding sell-through and pellet fuel

requirements and a proposal on other issues based on responses to ANPRM.

  • Mid-2019: Issue a Final Rule addressing the Step 2 compliance date, emissions

limits, audit testing, and/or other issues, as appropriate.

  • Next several years: work with stakeholders to develop a cordwood test method

and fueling protocol, collect sufficient test data with this method/protocol, revisit BSER, and if necessary, revise NSPS.

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SLIDE 9

Development of Cordwood Test Method

  • Test Methods in 2015 Rule
  • Cordwood Test Method Collaborative Process (Fall 2015 – Spring 2018)
  • NESCAUM/WESTAR will facilitate the process, EPA will participate in an advisory role and

communicate EPA information requirements

  • Steering Committee and Technical Workgroups (PM Measurement and Fueling/operational

Protocols)

  • EPA Discussion Paper: “Process for Developing Improved Cordwood Test Methods for Wood

Heaters” (March 2016)

  • Status
  • Recently met with HPBA to discuss ASTM E3053 and Integrated Duty Cycle – see

https://www.regulations.gov/docket?D=EPA-HQ-OAR-2016-0130.

  • Upcoming state meetings
  • Will also be soliciting stakeholder input via ANPRM

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AAA Woodstoves QQQQ Hydronic Heaters QQQQ Forced Air Furnaces PM Method Operating Protocol EPA 28 R (crib) ASTM E3053 (cord) - approved alternative No Thermal Storage EPA 28 WHH, ASTM E2618 Partial Thermal Storage EPA 28 WHH-PTS, ASTM E2618 Annex 1 Full Thermal Storage ASTM E2618 Annex 2 CSA 415.1-10 ASTM E2515 (crib)

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SLIDE 10

EPA Assistance to States

  • Voluntary Programs
  • Burnwise
  • PM Advance
  • Grant Programs
  • Targeted Airshed Grants
  • Community-Scale Air Toxics Monitoring Grants

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SLIDE 11

What Burn Wise Materials are Available?

Posters Brochures Tear Pads Tip Sheet Wood Shed Construction Plans Videos

Note: free hard copies are currently available for most tools

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SLIDE 12

Partnerships Examples:

Washington State’s Northwest Clean Air Agency “Learn Before You Burn” Poster Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation: “Burn Wise, Breathe Easy” Makah Tribe’s Modular Wood Shed Design Retailers and Chimney Sweeps

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SLIDE 13

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Washington - NW Clean Air Agency: “Learn Before You Burn”

Poster modified to include local air quality district’s logo

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SLIDE 14

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Alaska DEC: Burn Wise, Breathe Easy

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Build a Firewood Storage Shed – Adapted from the Makah Tribe’s Modular Wood Shed Design

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Targeted Airshed Grants

  • Competitive grant program for state/local/tribal air agencies authorized

by Congress under appropriations in 2010 and 2015-2018.

  • 2010: $10M
  • 2015: $10M
  • 2016: $20M
  • 2017: $30M
  • 2018: $40M
  • 2019: $55M (House markup)
  • Area must be one of the five most polluted areas for ozone, PM2.5-

annual, or PM2.5-daily

  • Wood stove changeouts received about $26M – San Joaquin Valley, CA;

Portola, CA; Salt Lake City, UT; Logan, UT; Provo, UT; West Silver Valley, ID; Fairbanks, AK

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SLIDE 17

Appendix

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2015 NSPS – Summary of Standards

Wood-Fired Heating Device Step Effective Date *after F.R. Notice Particulate Matter Emission Standard Test Fuel Wood stoves & Pellet Stoves (both adjustable and single burn rate) (both catalytic & non-catalytic)

1 60 days (May 15, 2015) 4.5 grams/hour (g/hr) Cribwood

  • r

Cordwood 2 5 years (May 15, 2020) 2.0 g/hr Cribwood 2.5 g/hr Cordwood

Hydronic Heaters - all wood fuels

1 60 days (May 15, 2015) 0.32 pounds (lbs)/million British Thermal Units (Mbtu) weighted average AND 18.0 g/hr individual test run cap OR EPA “Phase 2” Qualified Cribwood

  • r

Cordwood 2 5 years (May 15,2020) 0.10 lbs/MBtu for each burn rate Cribwood 0.15 lbs/MBtu for each burn rate Cordwood

Forced Air Furnaces – all wood fuels

60 days (May 15, 2015) New work practice and operational standards, including providing information on best operating practices in owner’s manuals N/A 1 Small: 1 year (May 16, 2016) Large: 2 years (May 15, 2017) 0.93 lbs/MBtu weighted average Cordwood 2 All: 5 years (May 15, 2020) 0.15 lbs/MBtu for each burn rate Cordwood

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