WISE - the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Ned Wright (UCLA) - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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WISE - the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Ned Wright (UCLA) - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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W ide-field I nfrared S urvey E xplorer (WISE) National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology WISE - the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Ned Wright (UCLA) ELW - 1 6 Dec 07 W

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 1 6 Dec 07

WISE - the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer

Ned Wright (UCLA)

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 2 6 Dec 07

Two decades ago IRAS gave us what is still our best view of the mid−infrared sky.

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WISE will map the entire sky with resolution comparable to the few square degrees shown here, achieving 500 times better sensitivity than IRAS.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 4 6 Dec 07

Salient Features

  • 4 imaging channels covering 3 - 25 microns

wavelength

  • 40 cm telescope operating at <17K
  • Two stage solid hydrogen cryostat
  • Delta launch from WTR in November, 2009
  • Sun-synchronous 6am/6pm 500km orbit
  • Scan mirror provides efficient mapping
  • Operational life: 7 months (124% margin)
  • 4 TDRSS tracks per day

Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer

Science

  • Sensitive all sky survey with 8X redundancy

– Find the most luminous galaxies in the universe – Find the closest stars to the sun – Provide an important catalog for JWST – Provide lasting research legacy

Project Overview

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 5 6 Dec 07

WISE Will Fill “the Gap”

  • WISE will fill the gap in wavelengths covered by sensitive all sky

surveys

  • Many pointed JWST observations will be in this wavelength gap

GAL EX DPOSS 2MA SS IRIS Pla nck GAL EX DPOSS 2MA SS IRIS Pla nck GAL EX DPOSS 2MA SS IRIS Pla nck

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 6 6 Dec 07

Why Infrared?

The Cold Universe

12 µm HR 4796 23 µm

The Distant Universe

z =1.3 Galaxy Cluster

The Dusty Universe

Visible NGC2024 1- 2µm

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 7 6 Dec 07

Why Space?

“Ground-based infrared astronomy is like observing stars in broad daylight with a telescope made out of fluorescent lights’’ — George Rieke. 40 cm WISE telescope in space equals six thousand 8-meter telescopes on the ground!

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 8 6 Dec 07

Why All Sky?

  • For superlative and/or unique objects, such as the nearest stars
  • r the most luminous galaxies, only an all-sky survey will do.
  • For uniformly distributed objects, a fast shallow survey finds

more sources per unit time than a deep narrow survey.

  • An all-sky survey finds the brightest objects in a class, which

are the easiest to follow up in detail with large telescopes like the JWST.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 9 6 Dec 07

WISE Survey Strategy Provides Minimum of 8 Exposures Per Position

47′

One frame One

  • rbit

Two

  • rbits

Many orbits

  • Scan mirror enables efficient surveying

– 8.8-s exposure/11-s duty cycle

  • 10% frame to frame overlap
  • 90% orbit to orbit overlap
  • Sky covered in 6 months observing

1 Orbit 2 Consecutive Orbits 2 Orbits 20 Days Apart

  • Single observing mode
  • Minimum 8, median 14

exposures/position after losses to Moon and SAA

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 10 6 Dec 07

WISE and Asteroids

  • Asteroids are much brighter in the IR than in the optical: 100 to

400 times more photons.

  • They move in the hours between WISE frames.
  • For asteroids with known orbits, WISE sensitivity will be slightly

better than for fixed celestial objects:

–Asteroids generally move in the same direction that WISE scans and thus get more repeated observations than stars. –Asteroids’ movement across the sky greatly reduces the confusion noise from unresolved celestial sources.

Gaspra Asteroids move

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 11 6 Dec 07

WISE Will See Many Asteroids

  • Most of the bright
  • bjects are asteroids!
  • Spitzer 24 µm data

in Taurus

  • Flux limit 0.7 mJy
  • Size 0.7o ≈ WISE

FOV

  • Thermal IR provides

diameters, needed for hazard assessment

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 12 6 Dec 07

Value of IR Asteroid Data

  • The total flux of an asteroid, integrated over frequency and angle, gives the power

intercepted from the Sun and thus the diameter.

  • The range in optical albedo (Stuart & Binzel, 2004) corresponds to more than a factor of 5 in

diameter, for the same (reflected) optical flux. 2.3% albedo, 2.6 km diameter 63% albedo, 0.5 km diameter

  • The range in IR emission due to absorbed and reradiated sunlight for a given diameter asteroid is much

smaller (Walker 2003).

  • With both IR & optical data the diameter and albedo are well determined.

– Albedo also provides an estimate of asteroid composition and density, hence mass. – Asteroid mass is essential for hazard assessment.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 13 6 Dec 07

WISE Simulations

  • Launch on 2 Nov 2009
  • Cover off on 16 Nov 2009
  • Hypothetical IOC test using many repeated scans over the

same strip of ecliptic longitude

– This is not the normal data taking survey plan – But it makes visualizing the asteroids easier

  • Noise and source density semi-realistic.
  • Cosmetically perfect detectors for easy visualization
  • Everything from Bowell’s astorb.dat of 21 May 2007 plotted
  • FOV is 47 arc-minutes on a side
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 14 6 Dec 07

Simulated 12 µm data

  • 20 Nov 2009
  • Ecliptic coords

332.65,-14.49

  • Unusually large

number of

  • bjects for this

far off the ecliptic.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 15 6 Dec 07

Simulated 12 µm data

  • 20 Nov 2009
  • Ecliptic coords

332.65,-14.49

  • Unusually large

number of

  • bjects for this

far off the ecliptic.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 16 6 Dec 07 Spitzer/IRAC Shallow Survey 4.5 µm image 8.5 sq degrees 3 x 30 sec/position Eisenhardt et al 2004 ApJSupp 154, 54

Large Area Shallow Surveys Find the Most Interesting Objects for Targeted Followup Observations

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 17 6 Dec 07

Field T4.5 BD Stern et al 2006 ApJ submitted

The First Field Brown Dwarf Discovered by Spitzer

  • The brown dwarf found in the 8 square

degree Spitzer/IRAC Shallow Survey would be a 6σ detection with WISE.

  • WISE will survey 5000 times more sky.
  • WISE should discover several hundred

brown dwarfs cooler than any currently known, and double or triple the density of known star systems in the solar neighborhood.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 18 6 Dec 07

WISE and Brown Dwarfs/Superplanets

  • Brown Dwarfs (BDs): stars with too little mass to fuse H into He.
  • WISE 3.3 & 4.7 µm filters tuned to methane dominated BD spectra.
  • WISE could identify Gliese 229B (10-5 L) to 150 light years, a free

floating planet (FFP) like Jupiter (10-9 L) to 1 light year, BDs with T > 200 K (10-8 L) if closer than α Centauri. Jupiter at 5 µm GL 229B

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 19 6 Dec 07

Theoretical BD Spectra

  • Very strong spectral features
  • Ground-based 0.95 & 1.25 µm in warmer BDs
  • 4.7 µm very strong in cooler BDs
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 20 6 Dec 07

How many BDs will WISE see?

1.74 1310 330 22

Reid etal M-1.3

0.93 921 197 11

Reid etal M-1.0

0.53 671 121 5

Reid etal M-0.7

0.88 1340 221 7

Chabrier etal log-normal d < 1.3 pc Teff < 750 Teff < 500 Teff < 300 Mass Function

Assuming uniform star formation rate over the past 10 billion years and that WISE just meets its 4.6 µm sensitivity requirement.

At present, only 1 Brown Dwarf with T < 750 K has been found, even using Spitzer data. WISE will find about one thousand such objects, including perhaps the nearest planetary system to our own.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 21 6 Dec 07

z = 6.1 Quasar Stern et al 2006 ApJ submitted

  • More luminous quasars tend to have higher

IR:X-ray ratios, and thus an IR survey like WISE can find a large number of quasars, especially at higher redshifts.

  • WISE at 23 µm will see 500,000 quasars

with median redshift 1.2 based on Hopkins, Richards & Hernquist (2006) luminosity function model. This model predicts 14 quasars with z > 6 and 1 with z > 7 for WISE.

  • WISE will see more quasars in its more

sensitive shorter bands.

One of 10 Known Quasars with Redshift > 6

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 22 6 Dec 07

The far-off Universe

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 23 6 Dec 07

Faint Foreground at 12 & 23 µm

  • ISO image of Abell

370 at 15 µm

  • 2nd from right at 2
  • ’clock is a z=2.8

ULIRG

  • WISE will cover

107 times more sky to this level.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 24 6 Dec 07

WISE Will Find the Most Luminous Galaxies

  • Spitzer first look survey images at 3.6 and 24 um
  • ULIRG at z=2.5 (Yan et al 2005)

IRAC 3.6 um MIPS 24 um

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 25 6 Dec 07

Scientific Context for ULIRGs

  • Bottom up structure formation has a

hard time producing high z and high L

  • bjects, but these ULIRGs are seen.
  • JWST will want to observe high L
  • bjects at z=15, so an understanding of

the high L end of the luminosity function will be important.

  • WISE will give nearly a 1000 times

more sky coverage than Spitzer.

  • For a steep high-end power law

luminosity function WISE will find

  • bjects 16 times more luminous and

with 16 times higher fluxes than the top end of the largest Spitzer legacy survey, allowing for detailed study by JWST

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 26 6 Dec 07

Telescope Hardware

Bare-polished aluminum primary mirror prior to coating Prototype scanner during t-vac testing to 11 Kelvin End-to-end system during fit check Afocal telescope during fit check Imager module & scanner during fit check Prototype scanner being mounted to shake fixture (left) and undergoing random vibration and sine burst testing (right).

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 27 6 Dec 07

Hardware Overview

Miscellaneous

MLI (Sec to IVCS) Vacuum Cluster Body FG Tube #4 Assy Secondary Shield Installation

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 28 6 Dec 07

WISE Status

  • Passed mission Critical Design Review in June 2007.
  • Flight detectors and spares being mounted.
  • Optics in cryogenic testing.
  • Launch scheduled for Nov 2009.
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 29 6 Dec 07

Thus WISE will...

  • Discover many new Aten class potentially hazardous asteroids

and give radiometric diameters for >200,000 objects.

  • Find the 2/3 of the stars in the solar neighborhood that have not

yet been seen, including the closest stars to the Sun.

  • Survey star formation in the Milky Way and in massive Ultra-

Luminous Infrared Galaxies.

  • Provide a large scale structure map to z ≈ 1 which combined with

MAP data will determine the dark energy content of the Universe.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

ELW - 30 6 Dec 07

WISE Science Team

  • Andrew Blain - Caltech
  • Martin Cohen - UCB
  • Nahide Craig - UCB
  • Roc Cutri - IPAC
  • Peter Eisenhardt -JPL
  • Nick Gautier - JPL
  • Isabel Hawkins - UCB
  • Tom Jarrett - IPAC
  • Davy Kirkpatrick - IPAC
  • David Leisawitz - GSFC
  • Carol Lonsdale - IPAC
  • Amy Mainzer - JPL
  • John Mather - GSFC
  • Ian McLean - UCLA
  • Robert McMillan - UA
  • Deborah Padgett - IPAC
  • Michael Ressler - JPL
  • Michael Skrutskie - UVa
  • Adam Stanford - LLNL
  • Russell Walker - MIRA
  • Edward L. Wright - UCLA