Why Does Agile Software Development Why Does Agile Software - - PDF document

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Why Does Agile Software Development Why Does Agile Software - - PDF document

TSP Symposium 2012 2012/9/18 TSP Symposium 2012 TSP Symposium 2012 Why Does Agile Software Development Why Does Agile Software Development Not Require the TSP Disciplines? Yoshihiro Akiyama Next Process Institute (NPI) September 18 th , 2012


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TSP Symposium 2012 2012/9/18 Yoshihiro Akiyama (c) 2012 NPI 1

Why Does Agile Software Development

TSP Symposium 2012

TSP Symposium 2012

Why Does Agile Software Development Not Require the TSP Disciplines?

Yoshihiro Akiyama Next Process Institute (NPI)

Y.Akiyama@NPI 2012 CMU-SEI TSP Strategic Partner since 2010

September 18th, 2012

TSP Symposium 2012

Next Process Institute Ltd.

A TSP Strategic Partner provides:

  • PSP Instructor training
  • TSP coach training

A TSP Partner provides:

  • Training for engineers

All SEI PSP/TSP courses

  • Coaching for software teams
  • Mentoring for TSP coach

A CMMI Partner provides

  • “Introduction to CMMI for Development” course

NPI is a SEI TSP Strategic Partner since Feb. 2010.

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TSP Symposium 2012 2012/9/18 Yoshihiro Akiyama (c) 2012 NPI 2

TSP Symposium 2012 1.

Why the Agility is Needed

2.

Review on Agile Method by Waterloo Univ. and ACM P bl i A il M th d

Contents

3.

Problems in Agile Methods

4.

Two Principles for Making the Agility Meaningful

  • Isolation of “process to develop a solution” from

“process to seeking a solution”

  • Prediction capability at any time during project

5

TSP principles and practices for improving the agility

5.

TSP principles and practices for improving the agility

6.

Summary

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TSP Symposium 2012

Needs for the Agility – Open system Evolution

Integrated Task Work

Integrated Task Work

Closed Architecture Cl d/O A hit t

Simple Task Work

Closed/Open Architecture

  • Mult. System & Appl. Integration.

Open Architecture Open System Integrated 2012/09/18 4

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TSP Symposium 2012 2012/9/18 Yoshihiro Akiyama (c) 2012 NPI 3

TSP Symposium 2012

Needs for Agility - Knowledge Work

  • “Invisible from outside,” “complex,” and “distributed,”
  • Directly related to customer, end-user, and market
  • Presented the “goals” with numbers.

“Man-Month is not equivalent to Calendar-Month.”

  • Ref. The Mythical Man-Month,Frederick P. Brooks, 1974

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TSP Symposium 2012

Why “Agile” started Claimed problems in the current development methodology

Working software at the project end Low Interaction in team Low listening to Customer Voice

gy

Slow Responding to Changes 2012/09/18 6

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TSP Symposium 2012 2012/9/18 Yoshihiro Akiyama (c) 2012 NPI 4

TSP Symposium 2012

Challenges of Migrating to Agile Methodologies

– CACM May 2005

Traditional Agile

Functions Fully specifiable, predictable, extensive planning required High quality, adaptive software can be developed by small teams by testing with rapid feedback and …testing with rapid feedback and change, Control Process centric People centric Management style Command-and-control Leadership-and-collaboration Knowledge management Explicit Tacit Role Assignment Individual-favors specialization Self-organizing teams – encourages role interchangeability Communication Formal Informal Customer’s role Important Critical Project cycle Guided by tasks and activities Guided by product features Development model Life cycle model (WF, Spital, or …) Evolutionary-delivery model Technology No restriction Favors object-oriented technology

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TSP Symposium 2012

Reports by Waterloo Experience

University of Waterloo, Investigation to Agile Methodology, 2009

Canadian Pension Plan Investment Board/Enterprise Data Management (CPPIB/EDM) switched over to the Agile development methodology using Scrum framework from traditional waterfall model.

  • 1. Advantages

– notable increase in productivity, teamwork, and knowledge sharing

  • 2. Disadvantages

– more time needed in design discussions/documentation – lack of time for thorough testing of the product before deployed – difficult to prioritize stories (product owner) – the process regarding defects/bugs is not clearly defined

  • 3. Recommendations

– should have more design stories in their sprints with clear deliverables and the documentation done together – invite others for daily standup meetings to show how Agile does and works

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TSP Symposium 2012 2012/9/18 Yoshihiro Akiyama (c) 2012 NPI 5

TSP Symposium 2012 1.

Impediments to Agility in Software

  • Lack of “done” at the end of an iteration

Agility Impediments

From “Balancing Agility and Disciplines” by James Over 2012

  • Lack of teamwork
  • Lack of good design
  • Lack of tolerating defects

2.

Avoiding the Impediments

  • Build high-performance teams
  • Plan all development work

p

  • Use a measured process
  • Design before you build
  • Make quality the top priority.

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REQ defects brake on Agility – from PSP

Defects injected in PLAN phase

imated

PSP class data

1 2 3 4 5 6

Design Unit_Test

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

No defect injected in PLAN phase

/ Unit_Test Time - Actual / Est

nit_Test Time - Actual / Estimated

1 1 2 1 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

The design and unit test times are extensively spread respectively if defect is injected during the requirement phase.

Total Time - Actual / Planned Total Time - Actual / Estimated DLD /

DLD / U

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TSP Symposium 2012 2012/9/18 Yoshihiro Akiyama (c) 2012 NPI 6

TSP Symposium 2012 min/KLOC

Incorrect Understanding leads Upstream Defect

longer test time per module leads higher defect density

Log Scale

Test time in min/KLO

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Unit Test Defect Density OC

TSP Symposium 2012

Assumptions:

REQ/HLD Defects Brake on Agility

. ST) IT, UT, Code, n(DLD, Actual/Pla     done is work quality low when 3 3,1.2,3,3, done is work quality when 1

Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 Case5

Mixing Ratio

Quality work 0.95 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 Low quality work 0.05 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 Life Cycle Increase Ratio estimation with a mixture of quality and low quality work  6 – 82% increase in life cycle is expected for the mixture of 5 – 70% of low quality work. Increase 1.06 1.12 1.27 1.59 1.82 2012/09/18 12

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TSP Symposium 2012 2012/9/18 Yoshihiro Akiyama (c) 2012 NPI 7

TSP Symposium 2012

The PSP Conceptual Design and the PROXY

0.5 0.6

Reused%

w/ Planning + Review

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

LOC Code Modified Added LOC & 

Proxy based planning is the key for small & simple, high quality, understanding, and faster.

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Using the part concept as proxy ensures in early phase

  • Thinking more clearly on what to build

The PSP PROXY Based Planning is Key

  • Planning with simplicity and reuse
  • Avoiding potential low-quality and ill-enlarged code

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TSP Symposium 2012 2012/9/18 Yoshihiro Akiyama (c) 2012 NPI 8

TSP Symposium 2012 1.

Creating/searching a new solution may results in

  • Unlimited time required because of the complexity

The TSP Solution PROXY Based Planning

  • More defects injected in the upper stream

2.

Using the solution proxy concept ensures

  • Thinking more clearly on what to build
  • Avoiding potential defect injected in early phases
  • Communicating clearly with clients and team members

E ti ti f ith i li it d

  • Estimating for accuracy with simplicity and reuse
  • Being helped with architecture or framework centered

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TSP Symposium 2012

TSP gives the shortest life cycle time with

  • Estimating with process data

Tracking daily weekly to date Individual and team

TSP Balanced Plan Gives Shortest Cycle Time

  • Tracking daily, weekly, to_date, Individual, and team
  • Ordering tasks properly
  • Launch, relaunch, checkpoint, and weekly meeting to
  • maximize utilizing all team talents and resources
  • ask management support properly

E

R l d B l d Pl

S E 1 2 3

Replanned Balanced Plan 2012/09/18 16

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TSP Symposium 2012 2012/9/18 Yoshihiro Akiyama (c) 2012 NPI 9

TSP Symposium 2012

The TSP Launch Discipline Supports the Agility

TSP Launch Meeting

anagement s and egy, ion plans n Plan ing nt

  • val

r Agility

M1Goals by ma and customers M2 Team Goals Roles M3 Dev. Strate process definiti M4: Top down p M5: Quality pla M6: Individual P M7: Risk Planni M9: Managemen Proposal/appro X Understand all requirements from management and customer X Define the team goals and roles X Establish strategy with solution and multi cycles X E t bli h t ti t

Supports for

X Establish accurate estimate X Establish quality reliable by solution/part X Building balanced plan (shortest life cycle) X Eliminating potential variation X Ensuring management agreement/approval

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TSP Symposium 2012 1.

Demanding for the open infrastructure (Internet or TCP/IP) and the knowledge work enabled agility in development, Th TSP di i li th ilit f h t

Conclusions

2.

The TSP disciplines ensures the agility for shorter development life cycle because it filters out the “seeking for a solution” complexity during the planning

  • r the launch and the upper stream phases.

3.

Also the residual cycle time of a project is “balanced,” i.e., planned for shortest, by fully utilizing the abilities and resources of the team and management.

4.

As Agile methods may allow more defects injected during upper stream, the braking is estimated by somewhere 6% to 80% longer than its planned time.

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TSP Symposium 2012 2012/9/18 Yoshihiro Akiyama (c) 2012 NPI 10

TSP Symposium 2012

Thank you for your patience.

Contact: Yoshihiro Akiyama Next Process Institute Ltd. 102-3-3024 Nogawa Miyamae Kawasaki Kanagawa 216-0001, Japan

Email: y.akiyama@next-process.com HomePage: http://www.next-process.com Tel: +81-44-751-1360 TSP Strategic partner CMU/Software Engineering Institute

Note: The NPI home page will be opened by Oct. 3rd, 2012.

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