Why did Mary gorp ? Inferring word meanings from the semantic - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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why did mary gorp

Why did Mary gorp ? Inferring word meanings from the semantic - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jun 16, 2023 288 likes •639 views

Till Poppels Hannah Rohde, PhD Patrick Sturt, PhD Why did Mary gorp ? Inferring word meanings from the semantic context Overview / This T alk Word-object mapping Umbrella! The Induction Problem Umbrella! Whole-object bias Mutual

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Why did Mary gorp?

Till Poppels Hannah Rohde, PhD Patrick Sturt, PhD

Inferring word meanings from the semantic context

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Overview / This T alk

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Umbrella!

Word-object mapping

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The Induction Problem Umbrella!

Whole-object bias Mutual Exclusivity Gestural cues

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Learning abstract meanings Did you see the debate last night?

Whole-object bias? Mutual Exclusivity? Gestures? Children’s fjrst words tend to be concrete object words (Bergelson & Swingley, 2012, 2013) But: Adult vocabularies are dominated by abstract words, like debate or ironic (Murphy, 2001).

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The power of the semantic context

(1) Mary laughed; the sun was shining. (2) Mary laughed because the sun was shining. (3) Mary GORPED because the sun was shining. (4) Mary GORPED even though the sun was shining.

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Procedure: example trial

Context sentence T raining sentence A T raining sentence B Dashed sentence Plausibility Judgment

Mary and John went skiing… John gorped because he is a skiing expert. Mary preeked because she is a novice skier. Susan and David are novice skiers so they probably preeked as well. Is this sentence plausible?

Um… example please?

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Procedure: example trial

Ready?

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Rock climbing is a dangerous sport.

Procedure: example trial

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Jack tromed because he is an extremely cautious person.

Procedure: example trial

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Is rock climbing dangerous?

Procedure: example trial

Yes No

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Jana slalted because she tends to be rather reckless.

Procedure: example trial

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Is Jana reckless?

Procedure: example trial

Yes No

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____ ____ ________ ____ ____ ________ _______ __ ____ _______ _ ___ . Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so they slalted a lot

Procedure: example trial

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____ ____ ________ ____ ____ ________ _______ __ ____ _______ _ ___ . Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so they slalted a lot

Procedure: example trial

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____ ____ ________ ____ ____ ________ _______ __ ____ _______ _ ___ . Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so they slalted a lot

Procedure: example trial

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____ ____ ________ ____ ____ ________ _______ __ ____ _______ _ ___ . Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so they slalted a lot

Procedure: example trial

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____ ____ ________ ____ ____ ________ _______ __ ____ _______ _ ___ . Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so they slalted a lot

Procedure: example trial

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____ ____ ________ ____ ____ ________ _______ __ ____ _______ _ ___ . Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so they slalted a lot

Procedure: example trial

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____ ____ ________ ____ ____ ________ _______ __ ____ _______ _ ___ . Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so they slalted a lot

Procedure: example trial

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____ ____ ________ ____ ____ ________ _______ __ ____ _______ _ ___ . Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so they slalted a lot

Procedure: example trial

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____ ____ ________ ____ ____ ________ _______ __ ____ _______ _ ___ . Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so they slalted a lot

Procedure: example trial

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____ ____ ________ ____ ____ ________ _______ __ ____ _______ _ ___ . Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so theytromed lot

Procedure: example trial

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____ ____ ________ ____ ____ ________ _______ __ ____ _______ _ ___ . Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so they slalted a lot

Procedure: example trial

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____ ____ ________ ____ ____ ________ _______ __ ____ _______ _ ___ . Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so they slalted a lot

Procedure: example trial

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Is this sentence plausible?

Procedure: example trial

Yes No

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Procedure: example trial

Context sentence T raining sentence A T raining sentence B Dashed sentence Plausibility Judgment

Mary and John went skiing… John gorped because he is a skiing expert. Mary preeked because she is a novice skier. Susan and David are novice skiers so they probably preeked as well. Is this sentence plausible?

Semantic Congruency Semantic Congruency Plausibility Judgment Plausibility Judgment Reading Times Reading Times Yes No

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Reading times

Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so they tromed a lot. non-target region non-target region target region target region

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The Hypotheses

Congruent trials Incongruent trials Plausibility Judgment Plausibility Judgment Reading Times Reading Times

Yes

No

No

Yes

Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so they tromed a lot. non-target region non-target region target region target region Paul and Delphine are very cautious people so they tromed a lot. non-target region non-target region target region target region

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Results: Plausibility Judgment

No No Yes No No Yes

Congruent trials Incongruent trials

50% 100% X2 = 95.37 p < .001

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Results: Reading Times

0 ms 1000 ms

Congruent trials Incongruent trials

500 ms t = -1.28 p = .2

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‘Converging evidence’ interpretation

Context sentence T raining sentence A T raining sentence B Dashed sentence Plausibility Judgment

Mary and John went skiing… John gorped because he is a skiing expert. Mary preeked because she is a novice skier. Susan and David are novice skiers so they probably gorped as well. Is this sentence plausible?

“Aha, so gorping is something that is expected of skiing pros.” “Aha, so gorping is something that is expected of skiing beginners.”

Wait – what?!

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Plausibility Judgments - again

Correct Incorrect Incorrect Correct

Congruent trials Incongruent trials

50% 100% X2 = 73.55 p < .001

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Where to go from here…

More exposure per word: contextual word learning is

known to be incremental (Maratsos, 2001; Murphy, 2001) and more exposure may produce a bigger efgect

T

est other aspects of the semantic context: e.g., selectional properties of verbs (e.g. Bowerman, 2005)

r subtle distinctions between abstract nouns (Scott,

2001)

Thanks for listening!