European Triticeae Genomics Initiative (ETGI) 1st Workshop at the 4th Plant Genome European Meeting Amsterdam, Sep 21st, 2005 Why and how to build up a network of excellence on Triticeae genomics in Europe? Nils Stein, Catherine Feuillet I nstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique
European Triticeae Genomics Initiative (ETGI) • What is the added value of the ETGI network and projects for the EU? What genomic tools, resources and strategies have to be developed to address the next challenges of a knowledge-based bio-economy and build the foundation of sustainable agricultural systems? • How do we interact with existing international and European initiatives to build state-of-the-art research on Triticeae genomics in Europe and become major contributors of the international efforts? • What is the best method for creating synergies between the barley and wheat genomic efforts? • What are the next steps necessary for establishing a European network in Triticeae genomics and funding the priority scientific projects of the network?
EU economy relies on plant derived products • Europe has to play a role in the future production of safe, healthy, and affordable food for the world’s growing population as well as in the development of renewable resources to replace the limited fossil resources • EU depends on our crop production to maintain the health and prosperity of its population (food and drink industry is the leading industry sector: 700 billion € annual turnover and 2.6 million workforce) • EU farmers need to keep up with their international competitors (Canada, USA for wheat) by promptly applying advances in plant genetics and molecular biology. • EU economy relies heavily on agriculture - 17 million farms; 8% of EU25 workforce is employed in the agricultural sector; and the EU seed market equals 8.4 billion € annually, largest regional market (representing 30% of the global market) • EU needs to have a knowledge based bio-economy and Plant Genomics will provide the foundation to solve these challenges
Wheat and barley are the most important cereal crops in Europe EU crop production (harv area Ha) FAO 2004 Wheat Barley Maize Rapeseed Rye Oats Triticale Potatoes Sugar Beets Tomatoes wheat (87 Mt vs 64 in USA) and barley (42 Mt vs 12Mt in Canada) are the most important cereal crops grown in Europe Europe is a key player in barley and wheat research (scientific know-how and breeding history)
Wheat and barley are the most important cereal crops in Europe
Technology platform: Strategic research Agenda and Action plan adresses four main challenges: 1. Healthy, safe and sufficient food and feed 2. Sustainable agriculture, forestry, and landscape 1. Improve plant productivity and quality: yield stability under varying environments, high quality of harvest products, adaptability to end use, functional food 2. Reduce and optimise the environmental impact of agriculture: disease R to reduce pecticide application, Nitrogen efficiency reduce fertiliser input 3. Green products 4. Competitiveness, consumer choice
Wheat and Barley: two cereal crops with different nutritional, agronomical, ecological and regional importance Wheat: human nutrition (bread, pasta, cookies….) animal feed non-food use: starch industry renewable resources (ethanol) Barley: malting (brewing industries) animal feed renewable resources (ethanol) human nutrition
Target traits for EU economy : high food quality, yield stability, environmental impact (N efficiency, water efficiency, disease resistance) Structural Comparative genomics genomics Genetics (QTL, Functional association) genomics Ecophysiology (Transcriptomic Proteomic) Identification of genetic loci involved in target trait phenotype Isolate the genes, understand regulation and function Marker assisted Breeding (MAS), Mutant collections, Genetic engineering Exploitation of genetic diversity Crop improvement
Development of molecular tools for wheat and barley genomics Wheat Barley Markers (EST, SSR) ~600‘000 EST (16‘000 ~400’000 EST (>2’000 mapped) mapped) 3‘212 SSR mapped 900 SSR mapped BAC libraries 7 libraries from diploid 2 libraries + 1 in (3), tetraploid (1) and preparation + non hexaploid (3) wheat arrayed libraries Genes isolated Lr10,Pm3,Lr21,Vrn1, mlo,ror2,Mla,Rpg1, Vrn2, Q rym4 DNA arrays 55’000 genes >20’000 genes (53’000 genes)
The genomes of wheat and barley need to become more accessible to allow for targeting traits quicker � Large number of populations, genetic maps and genetic loci identified in the last 20 years. Most important agronomic traits are QTL based � in Wheat and Barley: ~ 900 genetic loci correspond to more than 100 different morphological and physiological protein, biotic and abiotic resistance phenotypes. � bottleneck = map-based cloning, labourious and long (7-10 years projects) � Best way to accelerate is to get the genome sequence (e.g., rice), not yet possible in wheat and barley but: � Physical maps anchored to the genetic maps in both species would: � accelerate gene cloning and gene characterisation � Support the development of markers for efficient MAS and better exploitation of genetic diversity � set up the foundation for sequencing the genomes
European Triticeae Genomics Initiative (ETGI) • What is the added value of the ETGI network and projects for the EU? What genomic tools, resources, and strategies have to be developed to address the next challenges of a knowledge-based bio-economy and build the foundation of sustainable agricultural systems? • How do we interact with existing international and European initiatives to build state-of-the-art research on Triticeae genomics in Europe and become major contributors of the international efforts? • What is the best method for creating synergies between the barley and wheat genomic efforts? • What are the next steps necessary for establishing a European network in Triticeae genomics and funding the priority scientific projects of the network?
A European Competence Network for Barley Genome Research SCRI Risoe IPK Member Institutions: MPIZ 1. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research ( IPK ), Gatersleben, Germany. 2. Scottish Crop Research Institute ( SCRI ), Dundee, UK 3. Max-Planck-Institute of Plant Breeding Research ( MPIZ ), Cologne, Germany (4. Risoe National Institute,Roskilde, Denmark)
General objectives: (1) Exchange of information (2) Joint scientific events (3) Mutual use of research and test facilities (4) Joint use of resources (5) Development and promotion of joint projects (6) Promotion of the training of young scientists (7) Joint public relations work
European barley genomics network • BarleyGenomeNet Nordic Joint Commitee • Nordic Joint Commitee: FI,DK,SE,NO genomics of endosperm development bi- and multilateral projects: Barley EGRAM (EU FP4) (The European � Genome gramineae mapping programme) Net MABDE (EU FP5) (Mapping adaption � of barley to drought environments) BIOEXPLOIT (EU FP6) (Disease � resistance and diversity) Network of bilateral GABI-Genoplante (Rye-Barley � and multilateral projects Diversity) plentiful cooperations at the international level
European barley genomics network White paper: Barley Genome Physical Map and Sequence Initiative of IPK(DE),SCRI(GB),UH(FI), EOI of numerous EU partners (NL,DK,IT,ES) Phase I (short/medium term) Generate a physical map of the whole barley WP1 whole genome physical map of barley genome thereby providing a platform: WP2 genetic anchoring of physical map UH WP3 concerted development of germplasm SCRI •for systematic gene isolation in barley and mapping populations for high- throughput phenotyping •for future genome sequencing WP4 sample sequencing of targeted regions in the barley genome •for elucidating the genetic basis of complex WP5 bioinformatics IPK traits for accelerated crop improvement TUM A proposal for WP1 was submitted by IPK •for understanding the complex functionality of Phase II (long term) in cooperation with ACPFG, AUS and the cereal genome WP6 complete genome sequence of barley TUM, GER to „Pakt f. Forschung“, WGL - recommended for funding - descision pending, expected by Nov 14, = initiating partners 2005 = EOI
European wheat genomics Network of bilateral and multilateral projects � EGRAM (EU FP4) (European Gramineae Mapping Programme) � HEALTHGRAIN (EU FP6) (nutrition, health, grain technology and quality) IEB � BIOEXPLOIT (EU FP6) (Disease resistance and diversity)
International Wheat G enome Sequencing Consortium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Collaboration between academia, industry and governmental research organizations to: � build the foundation for advancing research for wheat production and utilization by developing DNA-based tools and resources that result from a sequenced wheat genome � facilitate international collaborations and coordination www.wheatgenome.org
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