When Does German Literature Take Place? Frank Fischer 1 & Jannik - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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When Does German Literature Take Place? Frank Fischer 1 & Jannik - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

May 08, 2023 40 likes •364 views

When Does German Literature Take Place? Frank Fischer 1 & Jannik Strtgen 2 1 Gttingen Centre for Digital Humanities 2 Institute of Computer Science, Heidelberg University 1 frank.fischer@zentr.uni-goettingen.de 2 stroetgen@uni-hd.de DH2015

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When Does German Literature Take Place?

Frank Fischer1 & Jannik Strötgen2

1Göttingen Centre for Digital Humanities 2Institute of Computer Science, Heidelberg University 1frank.fischer@zentr.uni-goettingen.de 2stroetgen@uni-hd.de

DH2015 – Sydney, Australia – July 3, 2015

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Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion

Suomen kirjallisuus “The majority of Finnish novels takes place in summer.”

Radio interview with translator Stefan Moster Deutschlandradio Kultur – October 8, 2014

July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 2 / 26

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Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion

Bloomsday “Miss Dunne clicked on the keyboard: — 16 June 1904.”

James Joyce: Ulysses (1922)

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Through the Mountains “Den 20. Jänner ging Lenz durchs Gebirg.” “On the 20th of January, Lenz went through the mountains.”

Georg Büchner: Lenz (publ. 1839)

July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 4 / 26

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Gutenberg-DE

hosted at http://gutenberg.spiegel.de – our source: Gutenberg-DE Edition 13 DVD-ROM (October, 2013) subcorpus containing original German fiction (891 MB of unpacked text)

we extracted texts of these types: <meta name="type" content="{fiction,narrative,novelette}"/> translations into German were eliminated from our subcorpus

total of 549 writers and 2735 works from ca. 1510 to the 1940s (with an emphasis on the decades between 1840 and 1930)

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Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion

Extraction of normalised date & month specs

  • utput

explicit dates and months

book data

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Extraction of normalised date & month specs

Temporal Tagging Extraction and normalisation of temporal expressions Time expressions in TimeML date (today, on Monday, 10th of August, the next day, June) time (in the morning, at 5 o’clock) duration (5 years, 2 hours) set (annually, once a day) Temporal Tagger HeidelTime – freely available, 11 languages, 4 domains

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Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion

Extraction of normalised date & month specs

Temporal Tagging Extraction and normalisation of temporal expressions Time expressions in TimeML date (today, on Monday, 10th of August, the next day, June) time (in the morning, at 5 o’clock) duration (5 years, 2 hours) set (annually, once a day) Temporal Tagger HeidelTime – freely available, 11 languages, 4 domains

July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 7 / 26

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Intro Corpus Workflow Analysis App for Android/iOS Conclusion

Extraction of normalised date & month specs

  • utput

explicit dates and months

book data

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Extraction of normalised date & month specs

Standard Reader

Collection Readers Analysis Engines CAS Consumers

TreeTagger

preprocessing

HeidelTime

temporal tagger

Explicit Data Consumer UIMA Pipeline

Output explicit dates & months book data

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General output of our pipeline ...

Statistical information on text segments containing explicit date & month specifications

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General output of our pipeline ...

“Month vs. Day” specifications

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General output of our pipeline ...

Heatmap with “explicit days”

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General output of our pipeline ...

Text segments with mentionings of “explicit days”

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General output of our pipeline ...

Months vs. Days Days heatmaps Days – in context all statistical information by novel, author, literary epoch, ...

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Heatmap

MONTH: 01 +333222323131323223222222222131 MONTH: 02 43322222133212332332212322231 MONTH: 03 7333432223324342243363232322252 (21.) MONTH: 04 +33233223432223223332322223323 MONTH: 05 +354433235364353232424323223244 (12.) MONTH: 06 733233323333324432343324433233 MONTH: 07 9444332333243652333432224223223 (14.) MONTH: 08 8364422327244463344533332323222 (3., 10., 15.) MONTH: 09 854433233332234233233221222323 MONTH: 10 +353322224223552253432222222133 MONTH: 11 944233333723225213232222222224 (10.) MONTH: 12 5522341213223232132233392122224 (24.)

green fields: days mentioned 50+ times in the corpus

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Semantics of the 10th of August

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Days vs. Months

Corpus of German literature: “In the marvellous month of May ...” (Heinrich Heine)

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Subcorpus 1800–1849

The marvellous month of May, again!

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Subcorpus 1850–1899

And again!

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Subcorpus 1900–1949

And again!

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Theodor Fontane

An author with a preference for autumnal and winterly settings?

July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 16 / 26

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Theodor Storm

Storm’s texts have a strong tendency towards unspecific temporal expressions.

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Theodor Storm: Der Schimmelreiter (1888)

All 19 mentionings of month names in the novella (all unspecific):

“an einem October-Nachmittag” “zu Ende October” “Im Februar bei dauerndem Frostwetter” “seit November” “Es war an einem Maiabend; aber es war Novemberwetter” “Es war im Januar” “es war zu Anfang des Septembers” “die goldene Septembersonne glitzerte” “Es war zu Ende März” “lauter Märzenluft” “Inzwischen war schon Ende März” “noch bis gegen Ende November” “Als es in den October hineinging” “Zu Ende November” “gegen Ende des März” “So war der September gekommen” “Zu Ende des Septembers” “als aber nach Ende September” “Es war vor Allerheiligen, im October.” July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 18 / 26

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Jules Verne, calendar boy of world literature

Jules Verne’s adventure novels always feature an exact chronology.

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Lev Tolstoi

Clear preference of summer months.

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Gutenberg-DE (# Explicit dates by novel)

# Author: Work (Year) Genre 322 Karl Bleibtreu: Bismarck – Band 4 (1915) historical novel 288 Heinrich Albert Oppermann: Hundert Jahre (1870) historical novel 204 Lily Braun: Die Liebesbriefe der Marquise (1912) epistolary novel 170 Arthur Schurig: Seltsame Liebesleute (1920) epistolary novel 124 Robert Ascher: Der Schuhmeier (1933) biographical novel 91 Karl Bleibtreu: Bismarck – Band 2 (1915) historical novel 91 Marie Nathusius: Tagebuch eines armen Fräuleins (1854) diary novel 84 Bertha von Suttner: Die Waffen nieder! (1889) political novel 79 Albert Emil Brachvogel: Oberst von Steuben (1875/1920) historical novel 74

  • M. A. v. Thümmel: Reise in die mittägl. Prov. von Frankr. (1791)

travel novel 69 Sir John Retcliffe: Sebastopol – Band 1 (1855) historical novel 66

  • J. W. von Goethe: Die Leiden des jungen Werther (1774)

epistolary novel 60 Karl Bleibtreu: Bismarck – Band 3 (1915) historical novel 56 Karl von Holtei: Die Vagabunden (1851) bildungsroman 54 Heinrich Lersch: Die Pioniere von Eilenburg (1934) historical novel 53 Kurd Laßwitz: Auf zwei Planeten (1897) science fiction 52 Felicitas Rose: Heideschulmeister Uwe Karsten (1909) regional novel 51 Karl Bleibtreu: Bismarck – Band 1 (1915) historical novel 46 Edlef Köppen: Heeresbericht (1930) historical novel 46 Franz Kafka: Die Acht Oktavhefte (1916) notes, drafts 45 Philipp Galen: Der Strandvogt von Jasmund (1859) historical novel 41

  • F. X. Bronner: Ein Mönchsleben a. d. empfinds. Zeit – B. 2 (1850)

autobiographical novel 40 Ludwig Rellstab: 1812 (1834) historical novel 39 Margarete Böhme: Tagebuch einer Verlorenen (1905) epistolary novel 38 Alfred Schirokauer: Lassalle (1912) biographical novel 37 Jura Soyfer: So starb eine Partei (1934) political novel 36 Alfred Schirokauer: Mirabeau (1921) biographical novel 35 Elisabeth von Heyking: Briefe, die ihn nicht erreichten (1903) epistolary novel 35 Ernst Constantin: Das warme Polarland (1891) adventure novel 35 Friedrich Spielhagen: Frei geboren (1900) diary novel July 3, 2015 When Does German Literature Take Place? Fischer & Strötgen 21 / 26

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Gutenberg-DE (Novels with exactly one date specification)

Author: Title (Year) Date Johann Karl Wezel: Lebensgeschichte Tobias Knauts (1773–76) 24 June Novalis: Heinrich von Ofterdingen (1802) 16 March

  • E. T. A. Hoffmann: Der Sandmann (1816)

30 October Eduard Mörike: Mozart auf der Reise nach Prag (1855) 14 September Gottfried Keller: Der Landvogt von Greifensee (1877) 31 May Marie v. Ebner-Eschenbach: Lotti, die Uhrmacherin (1880) 12 May Theodor Storm: Zur Chronik von Grieshuus (1884) 24 January

  • E. Marlitt: Das Eulenhaus (1888)

6 June Carl Spitteler: Imago (1906) 4 December Fanny zu Reventlow: Der Geldkomplex (1916) 10 August Eduard von Keyserling: Fürstinnen (1917) 20 August Franz Kafka: Das Schloss (1926) 3 July Arthur Schnitzler: Spiel im Morgengrauen (1927) 8 June Robert Musil: Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften (1930) 2 December Stefan Zweig: Schachnovelle (1942) 27 July

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Fictitious (made-up) Days

Why and where do made-up days occur?

Erich Kästner: Der 35. Mai oder Konrad reitet in die Südsee (1931) Shakespeare’s 80th of April in The Winter’s Tale, Autolycus’ ballad in Act IV: “Here’s another ballad of a fish, that appeared upon / the coast

  • n Wednesday the four-score of April, / forty thousand fathom above

water, [...]” (converted: “19 June”) semantics of the 30th and 31st of February 31th of September (Jean Paul: Flegeljahre, 1804–05) ...

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App for Android/iOS: Tiwoli

(= Today in world literature)

Download the beta version from Play Store: https://goo.gl/yrlCb0 Or check out the version of iPhones: https://appsto.re/de/_Lz96.i

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Conclusion

established a workflow for the extraction and analysis of temporal expressions in large literary corpora (works with 11 languages) the month of May is a clear preference for settings of German novels of three centuries certain authors have a preference for certain times of year for their settings to do: comparison of national literatures based on large corpora to do: further qualification of the data (when does a mentioned date really refer to the plot, when does it refer to a historical event? etc.)

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Bibliography

Matthew Jockers: Macroanalysis. Digital Methods and Literary History. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2013. James Pustejovsky, Jose M. Castano, Robert Ingria, Roser Sauri, Robert J. Gaizauskas, Andrea Setzer, Graham Katz and Dragomir R. Radev. TimeML: Robust Specification of Event and Temporal Expressions in Text. In: New Directions in Question Answering, pp. 28–34, 2003. Jannik Strötgen, Michael Gertz. Temporal Tagging on Different Domains: Challenges, Strategies, and Gold

  • Standards. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference
  • n Language. Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2012),
  • pp. 3746–3753, 2012.

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