Welcome to El Salvador Welcome to El Salvador on behalf of USMILGP - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
UNCLASSIFIED Welcome to El Salvador Welcome to El Salvador on behalf of USMILGP USMILGP- -ES ES on behalf of This briefing is unclassified This briefing is unclassified SFC Quintero, Leo SFC Quintero, Leo 8 Jan 2007 8 Jan 2007 Anti-
SFC Quintero, Leo SFC Quintero, Leo Anti Anti-
terrorism Officer 8 Jan 2007 8 Jan 2007
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As the USDR, COL Santiago is the FP Officer for El Salvador As the USDR, COL Santiago is the FP Officer for El Salvador and has appointed SFC Quintero as the MILGP FPO/ATO and has appointed SFC Quintero as the MILGP FPO/ATO and assigned FP responsibilities for the security/FP of DOD and assigned FP responsibilities for the security/FP of DOD personnel in personnel in-
transit or TDY in El Salvador.
Welcome to El Salvador on behalf of COL Welcome to El Salvador on behalf of COL Santiago, MILGP CDR/USDR. Santiago, MILGP CDR/USDR.
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History
Presence of Gangs in El Salvador
Criminal Activities
Structure / Chain of Command
Communication
18st Written Communication
Hand Signal Communication
GRAFFITIS
Tattoos
Sumary
Questions / / Comments Comments
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Maras emerged out of the conflicts during the 1970s emerged out of the conflicts during the 1970s & 80s in Central America. In the context of the wars & 80s in Central America. In the context of the wars and insurgencies in El Salvador, Guatemala, and and insurgencies in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua, thousands of people, including young Nicaragua, thousands of people, including young men fled North, many which had training on guns as men fled North, many which had training on guns as well as armed combat techniques. well as armed combat techniques.
In Los Angeles they encountered rejection by other Hispanic communities and found it difficult to find Hispanic communities and found it difficult to find work and socialize; a percentage of these young work and socialize; a percentage of these young men, especially those from El Salvador where part of men, especially those from El Salvador where part of the insurgency/ civil war back home and joined the the insurgency/ civil war back home and joined the 18th Street Gang from LA, which was started by 18th Street Gang from LA, which was started by Mexicans and expanded to other Hispanics, African Mexicans and expanded to other Hispanics, African-
Americans, and Asians.
Salvadorians founded the Mara Salvatrucha, to founded the Mara Salvatrucha, to compete with the former, considering the compete with the former, considering the Salvadorans in 18st and other gangs in the barrios of Salvadorans in 18st and other gangs in the barrios of Los Angeles traitors. Los Angeles traitors.
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(Cont)
They gave themselves the number thirteen, in line with
maras are are involved in criminal activities in one form or another. When involved in criminal activities in one form or another. When they get caught in these acts they are sent to prison. In they get caught in these acts they are sent to prison. In prison these gang members further define their criminal prison these gang members further define their criminal tactics and networks. tactics and networks.
The terms pandillas pandillas and and clicas clicas are often used are often used
maras are are pandillas pandillas but not vice versa. but not vice versa. Mara Salvatrucha, or MS Mara Salvatrucha, or MS-
13, already fully formed in Los Angeles, was established in San Salvador in 1992 by the Angeles, was established in San Salvador in 1992 by the clicas clicas (cliques, cells, or groups) deported from the United (cliques, cells, or groups) deported from the United States and replacing earlier, less violent, and less States and replacing earlier, less violent, and less sophisticated gangs. M sophisticated gangs. M-
18 was established in El Salvador in 1996 with three in 1996 with three clicas
. Today both maras maras are spread are spread across all departments. across all departments.
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(Cont)
In El Salvador there are approximately 11,000 active members divided among MS divided among MS-
13 (7,000), M-
18 (4,000), and others (200). According to the PNC, the membership numbers for all the countri According to the PNC, the membership numbers for all the countries es in the region are as follows: Honduras (36,000 in 112 groups); in the region are as follows: Honduras (36,000 in 112 groups); Guatemala (14,000 in 434 groups); El Salvador (11,000 in 4); Guatemala (14,000 in 434 groups); El Salvador (11,000 in 4); Nicaragua (4,500 in 268); Costa Rica (2,700 in 6); Panama (1,400 Nicaragua (4,500 in 268); Costa Rica (2,700 in 6); Panama (1,400 in in 94); and Belize (100 in 2 groups), for a regional total of 69,14 94); and Belize (100 in 2 groups), for a regional total of 69,145 in 5 in 920 groups. MS 920 groups. MS-
13 and M-
18 are found in all but Costa Rica and Panama. Panama.
There are, in are, in addition addition, , others
in the the different different countries countries: Costa Rica : Costa Rica (Los Chapulines); Guatemala (Los Cholos, Los (Los Chapulines); Guatemala (Los Cholos, Los Nicas Nicas, , and and Los Los Batos Locos); El Salvador (La Batos Locos); El Salvador (La Mao Mao Mao Mao, La Maquina, , La Maquina, and and others
); Honduras (La Honduras (La Mao Mao Mao Mao, Los Batos locos, , Los Batos locos, and and Los Los Rockeros Rockeros); ); Nicaragua ( Nicaragua (Gerber Gerber Boys Boys and and Los Los Charly Charly). ). The The maras maras are not only a are not only a Central America regional phenomenon; rather they are Central America regional phenomenon; rather they are
13, for example, reportedly has 20,000 members in the United States and 4,000 members in Canada, for a members in the United States and 4,000 members in Canada, for a total of 96,000 in the hemisphere. It shouldn’t be surprising th total of 96,000 in the hemisphere. It shouldn’t be surprising that the at the numbers are variable. Mara membership is dynamic and census numbers are variable. Mara membership is dynamic and census-
taking is rudimentary.
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Presence Of Gangs In El Presence Of Gangs In El Salvador Salvador
NICARAGUA NICARAGUA
Exists an approximate of Exists an approximate of 11,584 11,584 racketeers and racketeers and 375 375 identified identified clicas clicas at the national level. at the national level.
NOMBRE CANTIDAD SIMBOLOGIA
MS13 18 MAO MAO OTRAS 7321 4117 30 116
CHALATENANGO CHALATENANGO LA LIBERTAD LA LIBERTAD SANTA ANA SANTA ANA SONSONATE SONSONATE AHUACHAPÁN AHUACHAPÁN CUSCATLÁN CUSCATLÁN CABAÑAS CABAÑAS SAN VICENTE SAN VICENTE LA PAZ LA PAZ USULUTÁN USULUTÁN SAN MIGUEL SAN MIGUEL MORAZÁN MORAZÁN LA UNIÓN LA UNIÓN
HONDURAS HONDURAS GUATEMALA GUATEMALA
Geo Geo Geo Geo 20,720 20,720 20,720 20,720 km2 km2 km2 km2
SAN SALVADOR SAN SALVADOR
Courtesy of the PNC Courtesy of the PNC
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04Dec02 10Dec02 15Dec02 13Jan03 04Jul03 13Mar03 09Mar03 09Mar03 12Jul03 14Aug03
31/01/03 07/02/03 28/02/03 16/03/03
31Jan03
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CONSOLIDATED LIST OF “PANDILLEROS” CONSOLIDATED LIST OF “PANDILLEROS” AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL
GANG GANG MEMBERS MEMBERS BY BY REGION REGION MS13 MS13 18 18 MAO MAO MAO MAO MÁQUINA MÁQUINA 14 14 MIRADA MIRADA LOCA LOCA MURO MURO FAMILIA FAMILIA UNIDA UNIDA TOTAL TOTAL METROPOLITAN METROPOLITAN 1923 1923 1376 1376 30 30 16 16 20 20 20 20 3365 3365 WESTERN WESTERN 1525 1525 1120 1120 ORIENTAL ORIENTAL 1481 1481 277 277 25 25 25 25 30 30 1838 1838 2645 2645 PARACENTRAL PARACENTRAL 1207 1207 922 922 2129 2129 CENTRAL CENTRAL 1185 1185 422 422 1607 1607 TOTAL TOTAL 7321 7321 4117 4117 30 30 16 16 30 30 25 25 25 25 11584 11584
In 2006 the approximately amount of gang members in country is of is of 11,584 11,584. .
PNC reports a total of 16,800 16,800 POs, with approximately 5,000 POs, with approximately 5,000
Courtesy of the RSO Courtesy of the RSO
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CONSOLIDATION OF “CLICAS” AT THE CONSOLIDATION OF “CLICAS” AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL LEVEL
CLICAS
BY REGION MS13 18 MAO MAO MÁQUINA 14 MIRADA LOCA MURO FAMILIA UNIDA TOTAL METROPOLITAN 71 46 1 1 1 1 120 WESTERN 50 39 ORIENTAL 32 13 1 1 1 48 89 PARACENTRAL 49 28 77 CENTRAL 32 9 41 TOTAL 234 135 1 1 1 1 1
375
Courtesy of the RSO Courtesy of the RSO
Gang Gang
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From the available data, it appears that virtually everything the e maras maras do is do is criminal activity. This was the case even before El Salvador and criminal activity. This was the case even before El Salvador and Honduras Honduras passed laws over the past three years making membership in a passed laws over the past three years making membership in a mara mara against the law. Summaries from the PNC in El Salvador list the against the law. Summaries from the PNC in El Salvador list the following following activities as defining for the activities as defining for the maras maras: Selling drugs; extortion; prostitution; : Selling drugs; extortion; prostitution; homicide; and illegal movement of drugs, people, and arms across homicide; and illegal movement of drugs, people, and arms across borders. borders.
The most recent PNC document, from Aug 2006, notes that the two major major sources of income are the drug trade and extortions. Their struc sources of income are the drug trade and extortions. Their structures are tures are elaborate, flexible, and redundant with a leadership cadre and a elaborate, flexible, and redundant with a leadership cadre and another to nother to back it up. They can function as networks, with extensive transn back it up. They can function as networks, with extensive transnational ational
, attacks, intelligence (collecting and propaganda), and activities includ intelligence (collecting and propaganda), and activities including murders, ing murders, drugs, extortions, and others. drugs, extortions, and others.
There are approximately 10-
12 homicides per month in El Salvador and is presently the most dangerous country in Central and South Americ presently the most dangerous country in Central and South America and 5 a and 5th
th
World Wide as you will see in the following slides. World Wide as you will see in the following slides.
This is what makes El Salvador a “DOS Critical Crime Post” DOS Critical Crime Post”. .
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XVIII = 18 XVIII = 18th
th St. Gang
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12 Jul 2003 12 Jul 2003
Victim # 1 Victim # 1
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Victim # 2 Victim # 2
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(Nov 2005) (Nov 2005)
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Leader Leader of
the Clica Clica Surveillance Surveillance Team Team Proteccion Proteccion Team Team Hard Hard CoreTeam CoreTeam
Logistics Logistics Team Team Rest Rest of
the Gang Gang Members Members 2º 2º Leader Leader Staff Team Staff Team
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Carlos Ernesto Mojica Lechuga (a) Viejo Link
ZACATECOLUCA Prison
Edgar Mauricio Ramos Galdamez (a) Diablo Raúl Fernando Wilber Hernández Castillo (a) Pelón Lonly o Only Montano O Pelón (a) Muerto Palabrero Parque Libertad (a) Seas ò Wickeend Apopa (a) Payaso
San Martín (a) Nube nudo
(a) Cobre CHALATENANGO Prison
Geovany Alexis Vásquez (a) Crazy Julio Cesar Marroquín Molina (a) Bicho Enco (a) Cuche
(a) Chino Tres Colas (a) General San Ramón (a) Tranquilo San Francisco (a) Relojero
(a) Moreno Santa Anita (a) Spanky, Snar Amatepec José Ricardo Rivas Pineda (a) Pavo
Zacamil, Iberia Las Palmas; San José Cortés de Ciudad Delgado
Provide Weapons
PUESTO MERCADO NEGRO
Weapons
(a) Pucci Colonia San José I y Renta R- 41ª (a) Duende Altavista (a) Franco, Skypi
18 18th
th St
St. . Soyapango Soyapango, San Salvador. , San Salvador.
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Staff CLICA FLS Moisés Chicas Pérez (a) Dandy
(a) Chepe Remiendo Jairo Javier Blanco (a) Jerry
Esmeralda Navas LAS PELOTAS delincuential structure Jorge Luís Roque Ramos (a) Donky Mario Edgardo García Álvarez (a) Máquina Alex Mauricio Laínez Chicas (a) Cuzuco Elmer Wilian Velásquez Roque (a) Spay Denis Alberto
Cherenqueca
Fulton Fulton Clicas (FULTON LOCOS SALVATRUCHOS) Clicas (FULTON LOCOS SALVATRUCHOS) PANDILLA MS PANDILLA MS
José Virgilio Girón Vásquez (a) Chiqui José Antonio Tejada Inglés Carlos Humberto Martínez Granados (a) Player
Sale COCAIN and CRAK
Guadalupe Navas Gladis Navas José Wilmer Berríos Velásquez (a) Sneyk José Alexander Ramírez (a) Júnior Nelson Mauricio Cortez Cruz (a) Negro José Omar Chavarría Díaz (a) Fulgor Roberto Carlos Ferrufino Villatoro (a) Negro Nelson Nehemías Berríos Velásquez (a) Nelson Roberto Carlos Cáceres (a) Pequeño Franklin Edenilson Iglesias Orellana (a) Kiwi Mario de Jesús Coreas Mejia (a) Pequeño Rigoberto Argueta Argueta (a) Draky José Luís González Campos (a) Delinller Eric González Hernández (a) Pequeño José Jeremías Sánchez Cortez
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Structure Structure of
the APLS MS APLS MS-
13 Gang Gang from from APOPA APOPA
JORGE ANTONIO FLORES CORTEZ (a) PISPILETA
Detained for homicide of WILLIAN RIGOBERTO T. LONLY Leader of 18st, 10- 07-03, in Apopa
Transfer of money to PAVAS
In charge of moving money back/to PISPILETA Y A PAVAS
Sergio Abraham Sosa Tacua Amigo Cuto
RICARDO
Flaco Wester Blaki Chanel Bacha Cheyo Sapo Sapo Moco Coralillo Seven Emerson Coreas Mulato Cortez
JOSE LUIS MENDOZA FIGUEROA (a) PAVAS
Transfer of money to PISPILETAS Negra Patata Oyuki Thunder Wester Patata Trupy Pipiripao
Transfer of money to the leaders LEYENDA
Negra Snart Burgos Julio Snup Pinocho Maleta Coralillo Churrutaca Cuzuquin Kike Drugs sale Team OPS Team Armed Robbery, etc.
Extorsion Team Apopa
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Even though some of the local gangs are structured in such as organized way in San Salvador, it does not such as organized way in San Salvador, it does not mean that all gangs are organized the same way. mean that all gangs are organized the same way.
Because they are well organized, the Salvadorian PNC recognize them and name them “organized Crime”, as recognize them and name them “organized Crime”, as such they may fall under a different level of punishment such they may fall under a different level of punishment under the law depending on the crime committed. under the law depending on the crime committed.
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This Alphabet is only use by Mara 18
6 .
.. .
D C B A E
%
+
M
Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N M L K J I H G F
#
Ñ
.
This alphabet was created by the main leader of the Gang M This alphabet was created by the main leader of the Gang M-
18, while he was inside a penitentiary of maximum security. It was found during a inside a penitentiary of maximum security. It was found during a search of a house search of a house
Ilopango, San Salvador. Which is used so , San Salvador. Which is used so far by all the members of the Gang 18. far by all the members of the Gang 18.
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UNA WILLA
LYN
( (Ldr Ldr of 18
th St.)
St.)
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PARA: EL DIABLO Y EL PAYASO Y LOS PARA: EL DIABLO Y EL PAYASO Y LOS DEMAS DEMAS PALABREROS DE PALABREROS DE CHALATE CITY CHALATE CITY. . YA ESTAMOS EN EL JUEGO DE YA ESTAMOS EN EL JUEGO DE LA CHIM LA CHIM-
I : C A R N A L I T O S Y C A R N A L I T O S YO O HOMEBOYS TENGO ALGO HOMEBOYS TENGO ALGO PARA EL 25 DE DICIEMBRE. MIREN PARA EL 25 DE DICIEMBRE. MIREN PERROS PERROS LA H LA HO ONDA DE LOS QUE SE VAN A QUEBRAR NDA DE LOS QUE SE VAN A QUEBRAR ESE P I Q U E E LL O S Y A SA ESE P I Q U E E LL O S Y A SAB BEN QUE PEDO EN QUE PEDO
Translation into 18 St. Alphabet Translation into 18 St. Alphabet
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SON M I S I O N SON M I S I O N E E S DESDE EL M O M E N T O QUE S DESDE EL M O M E N T O QUE ESTEN AFUERA ESTEN AFUERA OTRA ONDA C A R N A L E S QUI OTRA ONDA C A R N A L E S QUIE ERO QUE A COMO DE RO QUE A COMO DE LUGAR SE LUGAR SE H HAGAN P R E S E N T E AQUÍ YA QUE AGAN P R E S E N T E AQUÍ YA QUE SE SE H HAN QUEBRADO UN PIQUE DE METERSE AN QUEBRADO UN PIQUE DE METERSE A LA CASA DE LA A LA CASA DE LA S
LA SAN A N D R E S Y LA TACA DE LA SAN A N D R E S Y LA TACA DE E LL O S E LL O S S O N: EL FRANK, RECORD Y EL S O N: EL FRANK, RECORD Y EL G R E Ñ A S G R E Ñ A S
Translation into 18 St. Alphabet Translation into 18 St. Alphabet
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ASI QUE VEAN COMO HACEN PARA UBICARLOS AQUÍ ESTA ES M I S I O N C A R N A L E S LA F E R I A QUE SE LLEVARON S O N 350
EN GRANDE HASTA QUE LA MALDITA MUERTE N O S S E P A R E A T T E. L Y N Y T O D A LA RAZA DE G O T E R A.
Translation into 18 St. Alphabet
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Apopa Penitentiary Soyapango Penitentiary
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Gang members use a mimic language to communicate, making constan Gang members use a mimic language to communicate, making constant use t use
n symbols. It is a universal language inside the gangs. universal language inside the gangs.
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MS
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To define their territories, the members of gangs use graffitist To define their territories, the members of gangs use graffitists that elaborate in s that elaborate in visible public places. These have different meanings that can go visible public places. These have different meanings that can go from the name of from the name of the gang to racketeers that have died. the gang to racketeers that have died. Different Different Graffitis Graffitis in in parts parts of
San Salvador
Face Face: : means means female female that that was was part part of
this gang gang MS: MS: means means that that she she was was in MS in MS-
13 The The wall wall: : means means that that she she died died inside inside a a house house. . HOME BOY CRY HOME BOY CRY LAYDER: LAYDER: the the name name of
a local gang gang that that control control that that part part of
twon. . The The two two faces faces of
live live means means to to laugh laugh and and cry cry. .
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Cross: means in memory of a dead Cross: means in memory of a dead racketeer; usually the alias of the racketeer; usually the alias of the deceased, date of death and deceased, date of death and clica clica are posted in the cross. are posted in the cross.
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Devil Devil -
666 Gangster Gangster In memory In memory
clica and date of and date of death. death. Two faces Two faces
Prison Prison fence fence
In memory of
wall of the prison
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Two Hands Meaning: well Two Hands Meaning: well-
known as the Saint, it symbolizes the pardon that is Saint, it symbolizes the pardon that is requested to the mother for his/her crazy life, requested to the mother for his/her crazy life, it sometimes accompanies him with the it sometimes accompanies him with the legend “FORGIVE ME to MAKE YOU legend “FORGIVE ME to MAKE YOU SUFFER”. AND other similar words asking SUFFER”. AND other similar words asking for forgiveness to the mother. for forgiveness to the mother.
It symbolizes the Sun and a It symbolizes the Sun and a new day of life that it lights new day of life that it lights them them To To raffle raffle Gang Gang 18 18 CLOWN: Means the two faces of CLOWN: Means the two faces of life, to Laugh and to cry life, to Laugh and to cry
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This tattoo is denominated the three points of the crazy life This tattoo is denominated the three points of the crazy life
the hospital or the cemetery, it can be in several parts of the hospital or the cemetery, it can be in several parts of the body. the body.
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a woman woman means means the the picture picture of
his his wife wife Gang Gang initials initials MS MS the the Pavo Real Pavo Real means means the the pride pride of
the the gang gang member member MS MS The The drawn drawn of
a female female with with a a bandana bandana means means that that she she was was the the girl girl of
the the gang gang member member now now dead dead. .
The The Bandana Bandana means means the the color color of
a particular gang gang
relates to to specific specific gang gang due due to to writing writing on
it. .
The The calendar calendar means means the the time time that that this this gang gang member member was was encarcerated encarcerated (1999 (1999 – – 2000) 2000)
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Girlfriend or Wife Girlfriend or Wife Prison Bars Prison Bars Time spent in Prison Time spent in Prison Time of life that can be short or long Time of life that can be short or long In memory of a friend or relative In memory of a friend or relative In some gangs the spider web can In some gangs the spider web can mean the time spent in prison mean the time spent in prison Feeling of freedom Feeling of freedom Girlfriend or Wife Girlfriend or Wife
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Till Till-
drops in the back of the arm means: Don’t the arm means: Don’t trust anyone trust anyone Ace card means the daily Ace card means the daily gambling of their lives gambling of their lives
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18 St. Gang 18 St. Gang 8 Ball means 8 Ball means Gangster Gangster Two Faces of life Two Faces of life Hand signal for Hand signal for 18 18th
th St.
St. Tattoo done while Tattoo done while serving time in serving time in prison prison “ “L.A. L.A. Sur Sur 13” usually 13” usually worn by gang worn by gang members from LA members from LA Note Note: “SUR” Usually means South L.A.; Local gang members claim that : “SUR” Usually means South L.A.; Local gang members claim that it it means “ means “Soldados Soldados Unidos Unidos Revolucionarios Revolucionarios” Revolutionary United Soldiers. ” Revolutionary United Soldiers. R.I.P. Means R.I.P. Means Rest in Peace / Rest in Peace / In memory of. In memory of.
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Filled till Filled till-
drop means death of a means death of a close friend or close friend or relative / Unfilled relative / Unfilled means not a close means not a close friend; maybe a friend; maybe a gang member from gang member from the same the same clica clica. . 18 18th
th St.
St. 18 18th
th St.
St.
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Gangs usually use similar graffitists, tattoos, and hand signals. .
Most known gangs (18 St, MS-
13, etc.) are linked to gangs from
Gang members conduct AAR (After action review) after each mission and share information with other gangs. mission and share information with other gangs.
Most gang members while in prison/jail recruit and create networks. ks.
Not all gangs are sophisticated and well networked.
Some music, movies and books are motivational factors for wanta wanta-
be gang members.
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SFC Quintero, Leo SFC Quintero, Leo USMILGP USMILGP-
El Salvador Anti Anti-
terrorism Officer Office: (011503) Office: (011503)-
2501-
2413 Cell: (011503) Cell: (011503)-
7841-
4324 E E-
mail: quintero@sansalvador.mg.southcom.mil quintero@sansalvador.mg.southcom.mil