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7/3/2014 1

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Public Transportation and Right-of-Way: Making the Connection

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Public Transportation and Right-of-Way: Making the Connection

Presented by:

Today’s presenter: Linda Osiecki

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Public Transportation and Right-of-Way: Making the Connection

Linda Osiecki ada4row@gmail.com

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Outline

• Fixed Routes, Paratransit and Public

Right-of-Way Pedestrian Facilities

• Questions
• Pedestrian Infrastructure Criteria
• Action Points
• Questions

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In summary: Legislative timeline

1964—Civil Rights Act (did not include disability) 1968—Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) 1973—Rehabilitation Act 1975—Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA) 1976—Higher Education Act Amendment (to include students with disabilities) 1986—Air Carrier Access Act 1988—Fair Housing Amendments Act 1990—Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 2008—ADA Amendments Act signed into law

Scarles of justice

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Access Board Guidelines

• ADAAG (ADA Accessibility Guidelines)

– 1991 – 2001 – 2004

• PROWAG (Public Right-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines)

– 2005 – 2011

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Americans with Disabilties Act (ADA)

“the Nation's proper goals regarding individuals with disabilities are to assure equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self- sufficiency for such individuals”

• Integrated public services

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Public Transportation

Shared passenger transport service available for use by the general public

• Fixed-route buses
• Paratransit
• Rail / subway

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Why do people want to use fixed- route buses if available?

• Lower (or free) fare
• Reliable Schedule
• Independence
• Flexibility to travel when wanted
• Opportunity to travel with friends
• Set personal schedule for travel without hours
• r days of pre-planning

Source: TCRP 163

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Public Right-of-Way

• Public property along streets

which may include pedestrian facilities for use by the public (public infrastructure)

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PAR

pedestrian access route

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Expectations - Roads

Photo of highway

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Expectations - Roads

Photo of truck stuck in mud

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Expectations – Pedestrian Infrastructure

Photo of curb ramp

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Expectations –

Pedestrian Infrastructure

Photo of road with no sidewalk

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TCRP Report 163

Sponsored by Federal Transit Administration

Strategy Guide to Enable and Promote the Use

• f Fixed-Route

Transit by People with Disabilities

Image of TCRP report

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About Specific Disabilities

Neurological disabilities Physical and Mobility disabilities Speech disabilities Learning disabilities Psychiatric disabilities Hearing disabilities Visual disabilities Intellectual disabilities

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• Includes any impairment that impacts a person’s use of

their body or limbs

• In 2002 there were 2.7 million wheelchair users
• In 2008 that number increased to 3.6 million
• 60% of wheelchair users are over age 65
• May involve using mobility devices, prosthetics, and other

equipment to aid in performing manual tasks or moving around

About Physical and Mobility Disabilities…

Steimetz, 2006; Wheelchair.net, 2006

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About Visual Disabilities…

• 1.8 million people have a severe visual impairment or

blindness

• Varying levels of visual disability
• Not all people with visual disabilities read Braille
• Many new developments in IT aid people with visual

disabilities

Steinmetz, 2006

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Types of Paratransit Eligibility

• Unconditional Eligibility – people not able to

use fixed-route transit under any conditions

• Conditional Eligibility – people able to

use fixed-route transit some of the time under certain conditions

• Temporary Eligibility – people with a

temporary disability or health condition

Source: TCRP 163

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Paratransit Conditional Eligibility

Includes:

• Path-of-travel issues

– Pedestrian infrastructure (sidewalks, curb ramps, surfaces, cross slope, running slope, etc.)

• Street crossing issues

– Street width – Intersection design – Traffic volume – Traffic controls

Source: TCRP 163

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Fixed Route Bus Fleet 98% accessible

Source: TCRP 163

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Top Factors Negatively Affecting Use

• f Fixed Routes
• 1. Barriers in the pedestrian

environment (pedestrian infrastructure)

• 2. Distance to/from stops/stations
• 3. Lack of information about potential

barriers getting to/from stops/stations

Source: TCRP 163

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Suggested Strategies for Enabling and Promoting Use of Fixed Transit by People with Disabilities

• A. Make Bus Stops and Pedestrian

Environment as Usable as Possible

B. Develop Marketing and Public Information Materials; Offer Trip Planning and Travel Training Services C. Consider Fare Incentives D. Consider Alternative Transit Service Designs That Are More Inclusive and Serve All Riders E. Use ADA Paratransit Eligibility Determination Process to Identify Travel Abilities Source: TCRP 163

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TCRP Report 163

Chapter 5 - Accessible Bus Stops and Pedestrian Infrastucture

Image of tcrp report

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Pedestrian Infrastructure “Every bus trip begins and ends with a pedestrian trip…”

Source: TCRP 163

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Image of Star Trek Transporter - teleportation

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Image of 2 people leaving phone booth

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Average Operating Costs Per Trip

• Bus trip - $3.60
• Paratransit $32.70

Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip

Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database

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Average Operating Costs Per Trip

• Bus trip - $3.60
• Paratransit $32.70

Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip

– $58 per round trip

Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database

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Average Operating Costs Per Trip

• Bus trip - $3.60
• Paratransit $32.70

Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip

– $58 per round trip – $3,016 per a year of one round trip each week

Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database

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Average Operating Costs Per Trip

• Bus trip - $3.60
• Paratransit $32.70

Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip

– $58 per round trip – $290 per five round trips in a week

Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database

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Average Operating Costs Per Trip

• Bus trip - $3.60
• Paratransit $32.70

Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip

– $58 per round trip – $290 per five round trips in a week – $15,080 per a year of five round trips each week Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database

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Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure Financial Maryland Transit Administration If one person transitioned from paratransit to fixed-route transit

• Simple improvement - e.g., minor sidewalk

repair

– averaged $7,000 per stop

• Costs recovered in 10 weeks

Source: TCRP 163

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Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure Financial Maryland Transit Administration If one person transitioned from paratransit to fixed-route transit

• Enhanced improvements – e.g., lighted

shelter, fixing adjacent sidewalks, etc.

– averaged $58,000 per stop

• Costs recovered in 18 months

Source: TCRP 163

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Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure Pedestrian Safety Montgomery County, Maryland Comparing 2011 to 2000

• Pedestrian collisions decreased by 4%
• Pedestrian fatalities decreased by 39%

Source: TCRP 163

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Other Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure

• Increasing compliance with ADA (Americans

with Disabilities Act)

• Making pedestrian infrastructure more useful

for all users regardless of whether or not they have a disability (universal design)

• Transition Plan locations

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Recommendations for Contracts to Improve Bus Stops and Pedestrian Infrastructure Contracts large enough for cost-effective, competitive contracting

• Intercity Transit of Olympia, Washington:

15 to 20 stops

Source: TCRP 163

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Recommendations for Contracts to Improve Bus Stops and Pedestrian Infrastructure Contracts large enough for cost-effective, competitive contracting If budgeted funds/grants available:

• $250,000 contract or 40+ locations

– Keep a construction crew busy for about a year – Flexibility in scheduling including geographic proximity

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Recommendations for Contracts to Improve Bus Stops and Pedestrian Infrastructure If possible, coordinate to add the improvements to other contracts paving the road and improving curb ramps Money for mobilization and maintenance of traffic (MOT) is already in the main contract plus lower bid prices due to a large contract Potential savings of $3,000 or more per bus stop location

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Questions???

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Pedestrian Infrastructure Common Problems

• Accessibility from both directions at the

nearest street intersection

• Lack of compliant landing pad

(boarding and alighting area)

• Sidewalks don’t connect with the bus

stop

Source: TCRP 163

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Pedestrian Infrastructure Common Problems (continued)

• Sidewalks obstructed by public

amenities and utilities

–Utility poles –Vendor boxes –Public seating –Trash receptacles

Source: TCRP 163

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Pedestrian Infrastructure Common Problems (continued)

• Over-growth from adjacent shrubbery
• bstructs sidewalk access
• Physical conditions of sidewalks and

landing pads

– Broken – Uneven

Source: TCRP 163

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Pedestrian Infrastructure Maintenance

Over a period of time

• Cracks
• Settlement / Heaving
• Damage
• Deterioration

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Pedestrian Infrastructure

• Bus stop
• Sidewalk
• Curb Ramp
• Pedestrian Pushbutton and Pedestrian Signal
• Pedestrian Street Crossing

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Bus Stop Basics

Boarding and Alighting Area

Image of ramp deployed on bus

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Bus Stop Basics

Boarding and Alighting Area

• 5’ wide min.
• 8’ long min.
• Slope parallel to road matches

road

• Slope perpendicular to road – 2%

max.

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Bus Stop Basics

• Accessible route to streets,

sidewalks, pedestrian paths

• AKA – accessible route to an

exit

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5’ wide minimum

Image of ramp deployed on bus

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Image of road from vehicle

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Bus Stop - 8’ long minimum

Image of ramp deployed on bus

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Photo of ramp at bus stop

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slope parallel to road matches road

Image of ramp deployed on bus

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slope perpendicular to road is 2% maximum

Image of ramp deployed on bus

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Photo of sidewalk with a telephone pole obstructing path

clear of obstructions

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Photo of bus stop with curb

5’ 8’

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Photo of bus stop with curb

Exiting Ramp Full height curb

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Photo of sidewalk that ends

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Photo of the cast of Gilligan’s Island

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Pedestrian Infrastructure

• Bus stop
• Sidewalk
• Curb Ramp
• Pedestrian Pushbutton and Pedestrian Signal
• Pedestrian Street Crossing

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Obstructions

tree roots, tree branches and bushes

Photo of tree roots disrupting side walk

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Obstructions

Free of debris, mud, etc.

Photo of dirt and debris on sidewalk

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Photo of 2% maximum slope

Cross Slope

2% maximum

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Intersecting Driveways/Entrances

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Photo of driveway with apron Driveway 10% PAR 2% Apron 10%

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Photo of very steep driveway

Source: NCHRP 659

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Photo of driveway

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Photo of pedestrian crosswalk

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Pedestrian Infrastructure

• Bus stop
• Sidewalk
• Curb Ramp
• Pedestrian Pushbutton and Pedestrian Signal
• Pedestrian Street Crossing

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Curb Ramp

• Cross Slope – 2% maximum
• Running Slope – 8.3% maximum
• Landing – 2% in both directions
• Detectable Warnings
• No ponding (positive drainage)
• Counter Slope

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Curb Ramp Layout

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Photo of perpendicular and parallel curb cuts

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Parallel Curb Ramps

Diagram of parallel curb ramps

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Perpendicular Curb Ramps

Diagram of perpendicular curb ramps

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Photo of crosswalk

2

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Photo of crosswalk

2 - 1

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Photo of curb cut

Landing at intersecting sidewalks

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Photo of landing at intersecting sidewalks

Landing at intersecting sidewalks

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Photo of landing

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Diagram of diagonal curb ramps

Diagonal Curb Ramps

LAST CHOICE

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Diagonal Curb Ramps

• 2011 PROWAG - R207.2 Alterations
• In alterations where existing physical

constraints prevent compliance with R207.1, a single diagonal curb ramp shall be permitted to serve both pedestrian street crossings.

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Photo of curb ramp at crosswalk

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Photo of curb ramp at crosswalk

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Detectable Warning Truncated Domes

Photo of detectable warning on curb ramp

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Photo of detectable warning on curb ramp

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Detectable Warning Truncated Domes in Good Condition

Photo of detectable warning on curb ramp

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No Ponding Positive Drainage

Photo of curb ramp with poor drainage

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Photo of poor draining

• n curb ramp

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Gutter Counter Slope

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Duagram of wheelchairs on excessive slope

• Less than 11%

preferred

• 13% max

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Photo of flamingo in water

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Pedestrian Infrastructure

• Bus stop
• Sidewalk
• Curb Ramp
• Pedestrian Pushbutton and

Pedestrian Signal

• Pedestrian Street Crossing

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Accessible Route Components Pedestrian Signals

• 10’ maximum from face of curb, shoulder or pavement
• 10” maximum from edge of landing area
• 5’ maximum offset from marked crosswalk, long. w/road
• Face of Pedestrian Pushbutton parallel with

direction of crosswalk

• Pedestrian Pushbutton height – approximately 42”, but

no more than 48”

• If two Pedestrian Pushbutton poles on the same corner,

at least 10’ apart, unless approved otherwise.

• If two ped pushbutton poles on the same pole, each

marked with arrows on button housing.

Source: MUTCD (Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices) 102

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Diagrams of APS on corners with various geometries

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Photo of crosswalk

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Photo of crosswalk

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Pedestrian Infrastructure

• Bus stop
• Sidewalk
• Curb Ramp
• Pedestrian Pushbutton and Pedestrian Signal
• Pedestrian Street Crossing

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Pedestrian Street Crossing

• Minimize distance of crossing
• Avoid skewed angles

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Action Points

• Make decisions in consultation with those

who have expertise in ADA and pedestrian infrastructure

– “A good leader can engage in a debate frankly and thoroughly, knowing that at the end he and the

• ther side must be closer, and thus emerge
• stronger. You don't have that idea when you are

arrogant, superficial, and uninformed.”

» Nelson Mandela

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Action Points

• Inventory
• Analysis
• Respond to requests
• Start construction

– Good inspection during construction – Detailed inspection after construction for ADA compliance

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Action Points Analysis

• When planning new fixed routes, choose bus

stop locations to maximize accessibility

• Consult with transit riders
• Consult with transit staff, travel trainers and

paratransit eligibility specialists

• Ongoing monitoring and maintenance
• Include tactile or technology elements to help

visually impaired riders

Source: TCRP 163

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Photo of corner with no paved sidewalk

Expectations –

Pedestrian Infrastructure

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Photo of bus shelter

Expectations – Pedestrian Infrastructure

Source: TCRP 163

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Action Points

• Make public officials and other decision

makers aware of your interest in ADA compliance and what they are doing to accomplish that

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Action Points

• Report specific locations needing

improvement – Detailed information such as:

• Bus route
• Intersecting streets
• Corner
• Adjacent existing property

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Photo of Dragnet cast

Remember – Just the facts

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Action Points

• Follow up after reporting a location
• Federal complaint

– Department of Justice – Federal Transit Administration

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Be Heard!

Photo of funny bird

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Good Resources

• TCRP Report 163
• Easter Seals Project Action

– Checklist for Assessing the Accessibility of Transportation and Mobility – Toolkit for the Assessment of Bus Stop Accessibility and Safety

• ITE: Accessible Public Rights-of-Way –

Planning and Designing for Alterations

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Upcoming Resource

AASHTO Guide for Geometric Design of Transit Facilities on Highways and Streets, 1st Edition

– Expected to be release mid or late July 2014

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Questions???

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Public Transportation and Right-of-Way: Making the Connection

Linda Osiecki ada4row@gmail.com

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Contact Us

• ADA questions

– ADA National Network

• 1-800-949-4232 V/TTY
• www.adata.org
• Questions about this presentation

– Mid-Atlantic ADA Center

• 1-800-949-4232 V/TTY (DC, DE, MD, PA, VA, WV)
• 301-217-0124 local
• www.adainfo.org

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