WATER SAFETY IN TURKEY WATER SUPPLY PREPAREDNESS TO PHYSICAL AND - - PDF document

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WATER SAFETY IN TURKEY

EMEL TÜFEKÇİ

İSKİ WATER TREATMENT İSKİ WATER TREATMENT DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR PARTMENT DIRECTO OF KAĞITHANE OF KAĞITHANE TREATMENT BRANCH ATMENT BRA 11.09.2018

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

WATER ORGANIZATION in TURKEY GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT İSKİ HISTORY OF WATER IN İSTANBUL WATER SUPPLY PREPAREDNESS TO PHYSICAL AND CYBER SAFETY

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PRESIDENCY OF REPUBLIC OF TURKEY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF WATER MANAGEMENT REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF ENVIRENMENTAL AND URBANISATION GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATION İSTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALTY İSTANBUL WATER AND SEWERAGE ADMINISTRATION (İSKİ) REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF HEALTH İSTANBUL HEALTH DEPARTMENT

WATER ORGANIZATION in TURKEY

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Duties and authorities of General Directorate of Water Management; Ensuring the supply of adequate quantity and appropriate quality of drinking water for every stage from basin to final consumer and the criteria, procedures and principles to be followed. Determination of Special Provisions in Drinking Water Supply and Basin Standards for raw water quality for treatment plants is determined and classified for each water quality class, treatment methods and treatment facilities design norms and standards Drinking water for efficient use and efficiency for the control of water losses in water distribution networks and principles

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DSI, MoEU and Metropolitan Municipalities Water and Sewerage Administrations by; drinking water Master Plan preparation works are carried out. Water use in DSİ's plans, current and future water needs and resources adequacy, for alternative sources technical, economic and environmental feasibility for planning Ensure the safety of drinking water as focusing on point received Drinking water for the supply of drinking water studies to determine whether the standards factors affecting water quality in the system limited to the major problems encountered. Preparing regulation on the above titles for securing adequate water supplying

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Strategy Plans Basin Protection Action Plans Water Quality Action Plans Sensitive Area Project Basin Action Plans Basin Protection Action Plans Measure Strategy Booklets Sectoral Water Allocation Plans National Drought Management Strategy Paper and Action Plan Drinking Water Protection Plans Strategy and Roadmap Action Plan on Modeling National Basin Management Strategy

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GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT İSKİ

İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality İstanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (İSKİ)

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Foundation of İSKİ

The first water administration in İstanbul was established in 1869. Water and sewerage services in İstanbul were combined under İSKİ (İstanbul Water and Sewerage Administration) in 1981. İSKİ is a subsidy of İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality, and has its own budget Almost the whole budget income is received from water sales. Its service area covers the whole territory within Istanbul’s borders.

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Duties of İSKİ

To provide water To collect, treat and discharge wastewater To protect water resources

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Key Figures on Istanbul

• Population served

: 15.029 million

• Total Service Area of İSKİ

: 9.271 km2

• Total number of customers

: 6.3 million

• Total length of water networks

: 18.822 km

• Total length of the Transmission Line

: 2.527 km

• Total length of sewers

: 15.730 km

• Total length of the Collectors

: 1.113 km

• Total Length of Tunnels

: 201 km

• Total length of rainwater networks

: 3.999 km

• Annual yield of water resources

: 1 billion 653 million m3/year

• Average daily water supply

: 2.8 million m3/day

• Volume of Water Storage Tanks

: 1.632.580 m3

• Budget (2018)

: 7.436.446.000 TL / 1,536,455,785 $

• Investment (2018)

: 3.210.999.000 TL / 663,429,545 $ Total length of water lines: 21.349 km Total length of waste water lines: 21.043 km

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Hierarchical Structure at an Operational Level

General Assembly (Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Council) Director General Deputy Directors General Heads of Departments Directors Chiefs Officers-Workers Board of Management

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İSKİ Staff

Total 6.336

Worker 3.773 Officer 2.563

Total number of staff including personnel of subcontractors :

12.147

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Istanbul is one of the world’s most ancient cities. Founded on the Bosphorus linking Asia to Europe, it is also Turkey’s largest city in terms of history, trade and culture and for centuries served as the capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires.

History of Water in Istanbul

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Throughout history Istanbul has been a magnet, a city of strategic importance where

a water problem has always existed.

The transmission lines, cisterns, reservoirs, aqueducts, historic dams and fountains

built at various times to ensure a water supply for the city formed an impressive water civilization.

History of Water in Istanbul

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During the Roman period, water demand of İstanbul was supplied from wells, small springs and cisterns. In order to meet increasing water demands of the city, Emperor Valens brought water from Halkalı to Beyazıt through transmission lines.

The Roman Period

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Aspor (Çukurbostan) Cistern

Armies besieging Istanbul to conquer the city used to block water coming to and flowing outside the city walls to break Byzantine resistance and to destroy water ways. In order to store water as a precaution as a result of these besieges, over 70 covered and open cisterns were constructed during the Byzantine period.

The Byzantine Period

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Upon the conquest of Istanbul by Fatih the Conqueror, he commanded the restoration and expansion of old water ways which were out of use due to neglect, earthquakes and destruction of the invaders and new water ways were constructed. Water Ways Constructed and Developed during the Ottoman Period

Halkalı Water Ways

Kırkçeşme Water Ways Üsküdar Water Ways Taksim Water Ways Hamidiye Water Ways The Ottoman Period

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Potable Water Supply

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Years

(Yıllar)

Population million

(Nüfus) (milyon)

Total Annual Water Demand million m3/year

(Yıllık Su İhtiyacı) (milyon m3/yıl)

Total Daily Water Demand million m3/day

(Günlük Su İhtiyacı) (milyon m3/gün)

1990 6,6 426 1,2 1995 8,4 525 1,4 2000 10,3 615 1,7 2007 12,6 714 1,9 2010 13,3 778 2,1 2017 15,029 1.000 2,8 2020 17,7 1.163 3,2 2030 20,9 1.449 4,0 2040 23,6 1.723 4,7

Water Demand

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Almost 100 % of potable water in Istanbul is provided from surface waters.

The area of water resources range from the Bulgarian border in the west to

Düzce in the east.

68% of water resources are on the Asian side with 39% of population while 32%

exist on the European side with 61% of the population.

Water

% 39 % 68

Population Water

% 61 % 32

BLACK SEA

DÜZCE BULGARIAN BORDER

Existing Water Resources of İstanbul

MARMARA SEA

WEST EAST

Nüfus

Population Nüfus

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Tesisin Adı

Put into Operation

Hizmete Giriş Yılı

Yield / Verim (million m3/year) Aqueducts

1620-1839

2,5

Elmalı I & II Dams 1893 – 1950 15 Terkos Dam 1883 142 Alibeyköy Dam 1972 36 Ömerli Dam 1972 220 Darlık Dam 1989 97 Büyükçekmece Dam 1989 100 Yeşilvadi Weir 1992 5 Istrancalar (Düzdere, Kuzuludere, Büyükdere,

Sultanbahçedere,Elmalıdere)

1995-1997 75,2 Wells 1996-2007 25,7 Kazandere Dam 1997 100 Sazlıdere Dam 1998 55 Pabuçdere Dam 2000 60 Yeşilçay Weir 2004 145 Melen I 2007 268 Melen II 2014 307

Total 1,653.4

Existing Water Resources

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Ömerli Dam

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Büyükçekmece Lake

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Terkos Lake

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Name of the Plant Tesisin Adı Year Commissioned Hizmete Giriş Yılı Explanation Açıklama Capacity (m3 /day) Kapasite (m3/gün) Ömerli Orhaniye 1972 Existing (Mevcut) 300,000 1995 Capacity increased (Kapasite Artırımı) 200,000 Muradiye 1995 New (Yeni Tesis) 320,000 Osmaniye 1997 Renewing (Yenileme) 220,000 Emirli (Yavuz Sultan Selim) 2001 New (Yeni Tesis) 500,000 Ömerli Total 1.540,000 Kağıthane Çelebi Mehmet 1972 Existing (Mevcut) 378,000 Yıldırım Beyazid 1996 Renewing( Yenileme) 280,000 1996 Capacity increased (Kapasite Artırımı) 70,000 Kağıthane Total 728,000 B.Çekmece Büyükçekmece 1989 Existing (Mevcut) 400,000 Elmalı Elmalı 1994 Renewing (Yenileme) 50,000 İkitelli Fatih Sultan Mehmet 1998 New (Yeni Tesis) 420,000 II.Beyazid 2003 New (Yeni Tesis) 420,000 İkitelli Total 840,000 Taşoluk Potable Water Treatment Plant 2006 New (Yeni Tesis) 50,000 Cumhuriyet Potable Water Treatment Plant 2012 New (Yeni Tesis) 720,000 Other (Ağva, Bıçkıdere, Danamandra, Hacıosman, Yalıköy, Şile Esenceli, Şile) 67,860

TOTAL 4,395.860

Drinking Water Treatment Plants

İSKİ provides service by 19 potable water treatment plants

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Locations of Potable Water Treatment Plants

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Potable Water Supplied to City in Years (million m3)

692 709 698 732 714 718 724 778 824 873 909 924 965 999 1021 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

million m3/year

1 billion 21 million m³ potable water is supplied to Istanbul city in 2017

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Ömerli Potable Water Treatment Plant

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Büyükçekmece Potable Water Treatment Plant

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Cumhuriyet Potable Water Treatment Plant

Cumhuriyet İçme Suyu Arıtma Tesisi

Cumhuriyet Potable Water Treatment Plant

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İkitelli Potable Water Treatment Plant

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Existing Transmission Lines

In order to provide regular and abundant water Melen-Kağıthane Terkos – Kağıthane, Terkos – İkitelli, Ömerli – Çamlıca, Çamlıca - Salacak Pendik – Küçükyalı, Maltepe – Adalar, Çatalca – Mimarsinan, Alibeyköy – Kağıthane

• etc. transmission lines of Ø3000 mm were constructed

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The length of the main transmission lines whose diameter extend from 400 mm to 4000 mm is 2.527 km

Transmission Lines

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İSKİ SCADA System Thanks to the modern SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) System with latest

technologies;

Rise level in dams during rainfall can be measured, Failures in the system can be tracked and addressed with immediate response, Water level, pressure and flow in dams, treatment plants, main transmission lines, pumping stations

and storage tanks can be instantly monitored, evaluated and addressed.

Information such as meteorological data and water quality can be instantly monitored.

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100-150 samples of water from various parts of Istanbul are taken every day and

chemical and bacteriological tests are made.

By making water treatment plants and renewing distribution network drinking water

has come up to a standard above World Health Organization (WHO), European Union (EU), USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Turkish Standards Institution (TSE).

Water Quality

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PARAMETERS STANDARDS İSKİ POTABLE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS TSE 266 2005 World Health Organization (WHO) 2011 USA Env.r

• Prot. Agency

(EPA)2008 European Council (EC) 1998 B.Çekmece İkitelli Kağıthane Ömerli Cumhuriyet Primary Standards (Clarity), ntu Turbidity 1 5 1 1 0,14 0,18 0,16 0,21 0,17 Primary Standards (Microbiological), kob/100 ml Coliform Bacteria Primary Standards (Disinfection By-Products), μ G/l Total Trihalomethnaes 100 460 80 100 47,3 25,5 19,1 17,5 33,6 Bromate 3 10 10 10 <2,0 <2,0 <2,0 <2,0 <2,0 Primary Standards (Inorganic Chemicals), Mg/l Aluminium 0,200 0,100 0,200

• 0,110

0,059 0,081 0,031 0,013 Arsenic 0,01 0,01 0,01

• 0,0007

<0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 Barium

• 0,7

2,0

• 0,002

0,029 0,027 0,029 0,020 Cadmium 0,005 0,003 0,005 0,005 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0005 <0,0002 Chrome (Total ) 0,05 0,05 0,10 0,05 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 Floride 1,5 1,5 2,0 1,5 0,25 0,07 0,07 0,06 0,08 Bromide

• 0,05

0,02 0,03 0,01 <0,01 Cyanide 0,05 0,07 0,20 0,05 <0,02 <0,02 <0,02 <0,02 <0,02 Lead 0,010 0,010 0,015 0,010 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 Mercury 0,001 0,001 0,002 0,001 <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 Nitrat e(NO3) 50 50 45 50 0,6 0,8 0,7 1,8 3,4 Selenium 0,01 0,01 0,05 0,01 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 Silver

• 0,10

0,10

• <0,0150

<0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 <0,0005 Antimone 0,005 0,020 0,006 0,005 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 Berylium

• 0,004
• <0,0002

<0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002 <0,0002

The Istanbul Water Quality Report

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The Istanbul Water Quality Report

Secondary Standards (Aesthetic). mg/L Chlorine 250 250 250 250 93 43 41 30 56 Colour (unit) 20 15 15

• <2,0

<2,0 <2,0 <2,0 <2,0 Copper 2 2 1 2 <0,001 <0,001 <0,004 0,002 <0,001 Iron 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,010 <0,005 <0,005 0,078 0,009 Manganese 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05 0,002 <0,002 <0,002 0,009 <0,002

PH

6,5-9,5 6,5-8,0 6,5-8,5 6,5-9,5 7,21 7,24 7,05 7,09 6,89 Sulpate 250 500 250 250 96,7 39,6 60,9 28,9 19,3 Total dissolved materials

• 1000

500

• 357

204 258 314 279 Zinc

• 3,0

5,0

• <0,01

<0,01 <0,01 0,051 0,045 Additional Parameters . mg/L Calcium

• 300
• 56,6

47,1 47,9 38,0 42,9 Hardness (as CaCO3 )

• 500
• 196

135 193 195 132 Magnesium

• 14,2

4,8 6,9 7,0 8,2 Potasium

• 5,3

2,6 2,6 2,5 3,1 Sodium 200 200

• 200

55,2 18,2 23,4 15,3 15,1 Free Chlorine (measured at plant

• utlet)
• 5,0

4,0

• 1,55

1,00 1,2 1,56 1,56 Ammonium 0,5 1,5

• 0,5

< 0,03 <0,03 < 0,03 < 0,03 < 0,03

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Wastewater Collection, Treatment and Disposal

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Locations of Wastewater Treatment Plants (81 wastewater treatment plants)

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Wastewater Treatment Plants (General Information)

Wastewater Treatment Capacity Daily Capacity (m3/day) Daily Average Water Treated in-2017 (m3/ day) Total Amount Treated in-2017 (m3/year)

TOTAL for European Side 3,119,555 2,194,011 800,814,336 TOTAL for Asian Side 2,633,660 1,372,213 500,857,255 TOTAL for İSTANBUL 5,753,465 3,566,224 1,301,671.591

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Daily Wastewater Treatment Per Year

192 208 211 214 370 556 627 790 865 942 1.370 1.755 1.953 2.085 1.984 2.182 2.404 2.725 2.940 3.111 3.184 3.242 3.170 3.302 3.566 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

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PAŞABAHÇE KÜÇÜKSU

Existing Treatment Plants / Mevcut Tesis

WASTEWATER BASINS ON THE ASIAN SIDE

Planned Treatment Plants / Planlanan Tesis Under Construction Devam Eden

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ASYA YAKASI

Wastewater Basins On The European Side

Under Construction Devam Eden Existing Treatment Plants Mevcut Tesis Planned Treatment Plants Planlanan Tesis

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Online treated water quality monitoring Online chlorination monitoring Online water amonia monitoring Online river water quality monitoring Online well water quality monitoring Online Treated waste water quality Spot sampling monitoring for the basins (dams, rivers, lakes etc.)

Smart Grid Applications

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SURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING

• To protect drinking

water resources quality

• f

the surface water

• f

Istanbul is monitored by collecting monthly samples from about 90 river, stream and lake stations.

• Routinely about 40

parameters which are listed in the table are measured and assessed in the central laboratory of ISKI.

PARAMETERS METHOD Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) SM 5220 B Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) SM 5210 B - SM 5210 D Chloride (Cl-) SM 4500-Cl- B Dissolved Oxygen (DO) SM 4500-O - B - SM 4500-O - G % Dissolved Oxygen (% DO) SM 4500-O - G Salinity SM 2520 B Conductivity SM 2510 B pH SM 4500-H+ B Temperature YSI Multi- Parameter Total Suspended Solids (TSS) SM 2540 D Sulfate (SO4

2-)

SM 4500-SO4

• 2-D

Ammonium Nitrogen (NH4

+-N)

EN ISO 11732 Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3

• -N)

SM 4500-NO3– I Total Phosphorus SM 4500-P I Color SM 2120 C Total Organic Carbon (TOC) SM 5310 B Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) SM 4500 N.org B Anionic Surfactants as MBAS (Methylene blue active substances ) ISO 16265-2, EN903 Phenols SM 4120 B - SM 5530 D Total Cyanide TS EN ISO 14403-2 Total Sulfur SM 4500 S 2- E. Cadmium(Cd) ,Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Total Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Zinc(Zn), Ferrum(Fe), Manganese(Mn), Barium(Ba), Aluminium(A)l , Boron(B), Cobalt(Co) SM 3120 B Total coliform ISO 9308-2 E.coli ISO 9308-2

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ONLINE MONITORING OF RIVER WATER QUALITY

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ONLINE MONITORING OF RIVER WATER QUALITY

• Furthermore, real-time

measurement of water quality in three streams

• f Ömerli and Elmalı

drinking water basins is also conducted to detect source water contamination incidents.

• The

measured parameters are flow, pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved

• xygen,

ammonium, total nitrogen, total suspended solids, total

• rganic

carbon and total phosphorus.

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Interconnection system between water reservoirs

Esenyurt Depo İkitelli Arıtma B.Çekmece Arıtma Kağıthane Arıtma Ömerli Arıtma Elmalı Arıtma

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RAW AND TREATED WATER MONITORING

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RAW AND TREATED WATER CONTROLING

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Smart Grid System

Raw Water Resource Water Treatment Plant Pumping Station Wastewater Pumping Station Wastewater Treatment Plant Stream Overflow System Sewerage

Kanalizasyon

Customers Recycle

Geri Dönüşüm

• Dam, Well Level
• Rainfall
• Evaporation
• Temperature
• Water Quality
• Raw Water Flow
• Clean Water Flow
• Storage Level
• Water Quality
• Pumping Working Position
• Storage Level
• Pumping Working Position
• Energy Consumption Values
• Flow
• Pressure
• Panel Information
• Stream Level
• Flow Rate
• Amount of Rainfall
• Weather Condition
• Waste Water Flow
• Storage Level
• Waste Water Quality
• Pumping Working Position
• Biogas
• Sludge
• Waste
• Sand
• Storage Level
• Pumping Working Position
• Energy Consumption Values
• Flow
• Pressure
• Panel Information
• Flow
• Pressure
• Index

Information

• Su Kalite
• Water

quantity provided for industry

• Green field

water quantity

• Sea

discharge quantity

• Treated

water quality

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Water Management Center for Smart Grid (İSKOM)

• ISOLATION

Complete separation of the critical infrastructure control area from the connections with both the company and external stakeholders, and control of transitions through a firewall

• Risk Analyzing and Penetration Test

Identify risks related to possible cyber threats through penetration studies on existing critical infrastructure components

• Monitoring

Types of cyber attacks on the critical infrastructure Since they are different, observing the traffic 24/7.

Our vision is “a secure, effective, and confident water sector, resilient to the ever evolving cyber threat”.

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Water Management Center for Smart Grid (İSKOM)

In Smart Grid Management; It is aimed to provide a centralized control with smart systems to the disposal of the water source, purification, distribution to the last subscriber, and discharge and purification after discharge.

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In Smart Grid Management (İSKOM) ; Sotfware, automations and technology for water management is followed and controlled at this center. There will be crisis desk, software development, training and simulation rooms where all emergency situations related to Water Management can be evaluated. In order to adress with a immediate response to people in Istanbul Smart Grid Management will be entegrated ISKI Hotline 185. Institutional Asset Management and Energy Management will be conducted in a center.