Water- -related related Ecosystems Ecosystems Water Conservation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Water Water-

• related

related Ecosystems Ecosystems Conservation Conservation in in Armenia Armenia and and Perspectives Perspectives for for Transboundary Transboundary Conservation Conservation

Karen KarenJenderedjian Jenderedjian

Content Content

• ForestsandForestsValues

ForestsandForestsValues

• ConflictsandThreatstoForests

ConflictsandThreatstoForests

• WetlandsandWetlandsValues

WetlandsandWetlandsValues

• ConflictsandThreatstoWetlands

ConflictsandThreatstoWetlands

• EnvironmentalLegislation

EnvironmentalLegislation

• InternationalCooperation

InternationalCooperation

DiversityofForestsin DiversityofForestsin Armenia Armenia

• 334,100haor11.2%ofthetotalterritory

334,100haor11.2%ofthetotalterritory

120,000haoak 120,000haoak 96,600habeech 96,600habeech 55,100hahornbeam 55,100hahornbeam 17,700hapine 17,700hapine 44,700haother 44,700haother

Timber Timber

• 41,74millionm

41,74millionm3

3timberreserve

timberreserve

• Averagedensity0.53

Averagedensity0.53

• Averagequalityindicator3.8

Averagequalityindicator3.8

ConflictsandThreats ConflictsandThreats toForests toForests

• Over

Over-

• exploitation

exploitation and factor of and factor of disturbance disturbance

• Deforestation

Deforestation

DiversityofWetlands inArmenia

InlandWetlands Human3madewetlands

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Plantsbiodiversityof Armenia

Number of Number of Number of Number of recorded species recorded species wetland species wetland species Algae Algae 388 388 245 245 Fungi Fungi 4166 4166

• ca. 200
• ca. 200

Lichens Lichens 300 300 ? ? Moss Moss 430 430 135 135 Vascular plants Vascular plants 3555 3555 622 622

Animals AnimalsbiodiversityofArmenia biodiversityofArmenia

Number of Number of Number of Number of recorded species recorded species wetland species wetland species Invertebrates Invertebrates

• ca. 17,000
• ca. 17,000

ca 1,000 ca 1,000 Fishes Fishes 36 36 36 36 Amphibians Amphibians 8 8 8 8 Reptiles Reptiles 53 53 4 4 Birds Birds 349 349 135 135 Mammals Mammals 83 83 7 7

WetlandsValuesand WetlandsValuesand PovertyAlleviation PovertyAlleviation

• Products of

abiocen origin:

Water fresh & mineral sand, gravel Peat

WetlandsValuesand WetlandsValuesand PovertyAlleviation PovertyAlleviation

• Plant products

Plant products

Hay Hay Food Food Medicine Medicine Bouquets Bouquets

WetlandsValuesand WetlandsValuesand PovertyAlleviation PovertyAlleviation

• Animal products

Fish Crayfish Frog Game Pets

WetlandsValuesand WetlandsValuesand PovertyAlleviation PovertyAlleviation

• Socio-economical

functions:

Water for irrigation and electric power Sspace for grazing and watering, fish-farming

ConflictsandThreats ConflictsandThreats toWetlands toWetlands

• Water loss

Water loss and and water balance water balance disturbance disturbance

• Soil deterioration

Soil deterioration, , erosion erosion and and sedimentation sedimentation

ConflictsandThreats ConflictsandThreats toWetlands toWetlands

• Mudflows

Mudflows and and waterlogging waterlogging

• Pollution

Pollution

ConflictsandThreats ConflictsandThreats toForests toForests

• Over

Over-

• exploitation

exploitation and factor of and factor of disturbance disturbance

• Deforestation

Deforestation

EnvironmentalLegislation EnvironmentalLegislation

• 1991LawonPrinciplesofEnvironmentalProtection

1991LawonPrinciplesofEnvironmentalProtection

• 199

1991 1 LawonEspeciallyProtectedNaturalAreas LawonEspeciallyProtectedNaturalAreas

• 1991TheLandCode

1991TheLandCode

• 1994LawonProtectiontheAtmosphereandAirQuality

1994LawonProtectiontheAtmosphereandAirQuality

• 1994TheForestCode

1994TheForestCode

• 1995LawonEnvironmentalImpactAssessment

1995LawonEnvironmentalImpactAssessment

• 1998LawonPaymentsforNatureProtectionandUseof

1998LawonPaymentsforNatureProtectionandUseof NaturalResources NaturalResources

• 2000LawonFlora

2000LawonFlora — — 2000LawonFauna 2000LawonFauna

• 2001LawonLakeSevan

2001LawonLakeSevan

• 2002LawonLakeSevanAnnualAction

2002LawonLakeSevanAnnualActionProgramme Programme

• 2002(1992)TheWaterCode

2002(1992)TheWaterCode

1991LawonPrinciplesof 1991LawonPrinciplesof EnvironmentalProtection EnvironmentalProtection

• Specifiesprinciplesofenvironmental

Specifiesprinciplesofenvironmental policyoftheState policyoftheState

• Establisheslegalbasisfor

Establisheslegalbasisfor developmentofenvironmental developmentofenvironmental legislation legislation

1991LawonEspecially 1991LawonEspecially ProtectedNaturalAreas ProtectedNaturalAreas

• Conservationofreferencesitesand

Conservationofreferencesitesand ecosystems ecosystems

• Protectionofnaturalmonuments

Protectionofnaturalmonuments

• Protectionofbiodiversity

Protectionofbiodiversity

• Scientificresearchofnature

Scientificresearchofnature

• Monitoringofenvironment

Monitoringofenvironment

• Categoriesofprotectedareas

Categoriesofprotectedareas

1991TheLandCode 1991TheLandCode

• Specifiesprinciplesoflandusepolicy

Specifiesprinciplesoflandusepolicy

• ftheState
• ftheState
• Establishesscopeandframeworkfor

Establishesscopeandframeworkfor regulationoflandusepolicyand regulationoflandusepolicyand relationshipsbetweendifferent relationshipsbetweendifferent stakeholders stakeholders

1994TheForestCode 1994TheForestCode

• Conservation, reproduction and

Conservation, reproduction and sustainable use of water protective, soil sustainable use of water protective, soil protective, climate mitigating, health, protective, climate mitigating, health, recreational and other values of forests recreational and other values of forests

1998LawonPaymentsfor 1998LawonPaymentsfor NatureProtectionandUseof NatureProtectionandUseof NaturalResources NaturalResources

• payments for nature protection

payments for nature protection

• payments for use of

payments for use of bioresources bioresources

• scope of payers

scope of payers

• forms of payments

forms of payments

• amenability against violations

amenability against violations

2000LawonFlora 2000LawonFlora

Secure Secure

• conservationofqualitativeandquantitative

conservationofqualitativeandquantitative valuesofflora,planthabitatsand valuesofflora,planthabitatsandgenetical genetical diversity diversity

• sustainableuseofplantresources

sustainableuseofplantresources

• regulationofplantresourceuse

regulationofplantresourceuse Regulate Regulate

• rightsandresponsibilitiesofplantresource

rightsandresponsibilitiesofplantresource users users

2000LawonFauna 2000LawonFauna

Secure Secure

• conservation,protection,naturalreproductionof

conservation,protection,naturalreproductionof animalgenusandspeciesdiversity animalgenusandspeciesdiversity

• integrityofnaturalhabitats

integrityofnaturalhabitats

• survivalofanimalspeciesandpopulations

survivalofanimalspeciesandpopulations

• integrityofmigrationways

integrityofmigrationways Regulate Regulate

• sustainableuseofresourcesofwildanimals

sustainableuseofresourcesofwildanimals

• rightsandresponsibilitiesofplantresourceusers

rightsandresponsibilitiesofplantresourceusers

2001LawonLakeSevan 2001LawonLakeSevan 2002LawonLakeSevanAction 2002LawonLakeSevanAction Programmes Programmes

Regulate Regulate

• protection

protection

• restoration,

restoration,

• reproduction,

reproduction,

• natural development,

natural development,

• use natural resources

use natural resources

• f Lake Sevan, its watershed
• f Lake Sevan, its watershed

and ecosystems and ecosystems Secure Secure

• 6mwaterlevelincrease

6mwaterlevelincrease

• sustainableuse

sustainableuse

• drinkingqualitywater

drinkingqualitywater

• fishstocksreproduction

fishstocksreproduction

• recreationdevelopment

recreationdevelopment

• biodiversity

biodiversity

• administration

administration improvement improvement

• effectivewater

effectivewater management management

2002(1992)TheWaterCode 2002(1992)TheWaterCode

• Establishthemechanismsofwaterresource

Establishthemechanismsofwaterresource management management

• Protectandconservewaterresource

Protectandconservewaterresource

• Preventofnegativerevealofwater

Preventofnegativerevealofwater

• Waterresourceinventory

Waterresourceinventory

• Sustainablewatersupply

Sustainablewatersupply

• Watersupplyandremovalsystemsecure

Watersupplyandremovalsystemsecure

• Hydropowerplantuseregulation

Hydropowerplantuseregulation

• Waterecosystemmanagement

Waterecosystemmanagement

InternationalCooperation: InternationalCooperation: Conventions Conventions

• BiologicalDiversity(1993)

BiologicalDiversity(1993)

• ClimateChange(1993)

ClimateChange(1993)

• Wetlands(6November1993)

Wetlands(6November1993)

• WorldHeritage(1993)

WorldHeritage(1993)

• CombatDesertification(1997)

CombatDesertification(1997)

• Aarhus(2001)

Aarhus(2001)

• EuropeanLandscapeConvention

EuropeanLandscapeConvention (2004) (2004)

InternationalCooperation: InternationalCooperation: RamsarSGFinArmenia RamsarSGFinArmenia

• 1997

1997 -

• Inventory of Armenian Ramsar Sites

Inventory of Armenian Ramsar Sites

• 1999

1999 -

• Ecologo

Ecologo-

• economical Valuation of

economical Valuation of Armenian Wetlands Armenian Wetlands

• 2000

2000 -

• Regional Training Course on Wetland

Regional Training Course on Wetland Management Management (21 participants from 6 countries) (21 participants from 6 countries)

• 2002

2002 -

• Regional Seminar

Regional Seminar “ “Conservation and Conservation and Wise Use of Wetlands in the European NIS Wise Use of Wetlands in the European NIS” ” (64 participants from 17 countries) (64 participants from 17 countries)

InternationalCooperation: InternationalCooperation: WetlandPerspectives WetlandPerspectives

• RestorationofLake

RestorationofLakeGilli Gilli

• EstablishmentofProtectedAreas

EstablishmentofProtectedAreas inArmenia inArmenia’ ’s sJavakheti Javakheti Region Region

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