Water Energy Nexus Energy sector Water sector What is - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Water – Energy Nexus

Milad Pooladsanj S upervisors: Amin Nobakhti Mahdi S harifzadeh

Feb 2017

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 Energy sector  Water sector  What is energy-water nexus?  Why is nexus important?  Nexus in Iran  Quantifying the water-energy nexus  Challenges

Content

Milad Pooladsanj

• Energy Security: uninterrupted availability of

energy sources at an affordable price

• Energy demand will nearly double by 2050
• Global population is projected to surpass 8.3 billion

by 2030 (up from 6.8 billion today)

• Nearly 1.2 billion people did not have access to

electricity in 2014

• Renewables and natural gas are the big winners in

the race to meet energy demand growth until 2040

The Energy Sector in 2040

Energy S ector

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World Total Primary Energy Supply from 1971 to 2014 by Fuel (Mtoe)

IEA ‐ 2016

2014

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World Total Primary Energy Supply from 1971 to 2014 by Region (Mtoe) 2014

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Crude Oil Production from 1971 to 2014 by Region (Mt) 2015

• Iran : 6th Country with 3.9% share of total

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Natural Gas Production from 1971 to 2014 by Region (bcm) 2015

• Iran : 3rd Country with 5.1% share of total

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Coal Production from 1971 to 2014 by Region (Mt) 2015

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Nuclear Production from 1971 to 2014 by Region (TWh) 2015

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2015 Hydro Production from 1971 to 2014 by Region (TWh)

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2014 World Electricity Generation from 1971 to 2014 by Fuel (TWh)

• Iran : 3rd Country with 5.8% share of electricity generation from oil
• Iran : 4th Country with 3.9% share of electricity generation from natural gas

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2014 World Electricity Generation from 1971 to 2014 by Region (TWh)

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• Critical for addressing climate change
• Creating new economic opportunities
• Providing energy access to billions of people without modern energy service

R enewables in Energy S ector

REN21 ‐ 2015

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REN21 ‐ 2015

Average annual growth in renewable energy capacity and biofuels production across the three end‐use sectors

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• Water Security: The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate

quantities of and acceptable quality water

• Water demand will nearly increase 50% by 2050
• Climate change, population and water withdrawal intensify water stress

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Water S ector

Total Water Resources Fresh Water Resources Human Freshwater Use

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Percent of population with access to improved water sources (%)

UN Water ‐ 2016

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Water Withdrawn Per Capita (m3/year)

FAO AQUASTAT‐ 2015

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Total renewable resources per capita (m3/inhab/yr)

UN Water ‐ 2016

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Proportion of renewable water resources withdrawn

FAO AQUASTAT‐ 2015

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Average Annual Precipitation in 2016 (mm/year)

FAO AQUASTAT‐ 2016

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What is Energy-Water Nexus?

• Water and Energy: paramount

importance for human livelihood – closely intertwined → must be addressed together

• we do not appreciate the coupled

correlation between them

• Nucleus of this bond is the

reciprocal dependency of resources → how one resource’s demand can steer further demand

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IEA ‐ 2012

Water use for electricity generation by cooling technology

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• Water-related risks to energy security

 Shifts in water availability and quality → reduced reliability of supply

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Why is Energy-Water Nexus Important?

 Increase in energy demand for water production, treatment and distribution

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• Energy-related risks to water security

 Limited or unreliable access to affordable energy necessary to extract water  Allocation of water resources towards energy production → water security risks in other sectors  Risks of water contamination from energy- extraction processes

Amount of Energy Required to provide of water safe for human consumption

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Nexus In Iran

• Renewable energy policies → 5000 MW

electricity production from wind/solar by 2020

• Climate change policies → No relevant policy!

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Total Production of Renewables (Mtoe) CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (Mt of CO2) TPES/population (toe per capita)

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Iran TPES from 1971 to 2013 by Fuel (Mtoe)

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Iran Electricity Generation from 1971 to 2013 by Fuel (TWh) 2013

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• A nexus assessment methodology

Quantifying The Water-Energy Nexus

• Providing insights on some of the response options

Qualitative analysis

• Quantitative analysis → interlinkages matrix
• Application of input/output tool
• Comparison of interventions

Quantitative assessment

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Proposed Method

• Multi-objective optimization: deterministic and stochastic

 Objective 1: Cost objective function

 Power generation cost  Water Generation cost

 Objective 2: Greenhouse Gas emission objective function

• Climate change feedback: the proposed optimization problem is solved

using climate information in future

• Comparison with IEA scenarios

Current policies scenario New policies scenario 450 policies scenario

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Challenges

• Data collection across the interconnected systems of the nexus is

crucial

 information about different elements of the nexus separately  data on how the elements of the nexus relate to each other  Accuracy of the data released by different institutions

• Complex optimization problem

 Non-linear: accurate but unsolvable!  Linear: accuracy problem

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Thanks for your attention